Building information modeling as a risk transformer: An evolutionary insight into the project uncertainty

Building information modeling (BIM) is a promising technology for the construction sector, as it addresses multiple risks, supports decision-making and enhances value. However, its technological and contractual novelties introduce some new risks. To observe the BIM-driven risk transformation, this paper performs a thorough analysis involving international experts and practitioners. Data is collected in the form of open-ended interviews and typeset questionnaire along with case studies of running projects. Results reveal that BIM eliminates a majority of significant risks. Further, the findings fuel a new research problem; the lack of a dedicated BIM plugin for risk management. Responding to it, a theoretical framework is developed to automate the risk management process and improve overall project management practice. It is concluded that construction projects can greatly benefit from an automated risk management system and investment in developing a dedicated plugin is recommended, ensuring an effective penetration of BIM in the construction industry.     

Feasibility of verbal analysis application to solving the problems of investment in construction

In project development it is hardly possible to get exhaustive and accurate information. As a result, the situations occur, the consequences of which can be very damaging to the project. Inaccurate evaluation of the strategy related to capital investment and project implementation is one of the reasons why such estimates are not required in practice. Instead, classification approaches may be used for this purpose. Contractors of international construction projects are often faced with complicated situations working in the conditions of uncertainty in construction. One of the potential risk factors is associated with the requirements of contract conditions. One of the major aspects is project or contract management. Project developers need various models of large and complex projects' management. The suggested method for evaluating contract effectiveness may be successfully applied at one of the stages of project management. This paper presents methods of multiattribute comparative analysis (CLARA and UniComBOS methods) of variants of classified investment risks and contract alternatives in investment and building projects of construction. A practical case illustrating the work of the methods is presented.     

Judgmental risk analysis process development in construction projects

Various risks and uncertainties exist in construction projects. These may not only prevent the projects to be completed within budget and time limit, but also threaten the quality, safety and operational needs. In this context, risk analysis processes are the systematic methods to analyze the potential project risks and develop risk response strategies in order to cope with risks and achieve the desired objectives. This study proposes a new schedule risk analysis method named as judgmental risk analysis process (JRAP) and offers a different project duration equation through JRAP. The process (JRAP) can be defined as a pessimistic risk analysis methodology or a hypothesis based on Monte Carlo simulation that is effective in uncertain conditions due to its capability of converting uncertainty to risk judgmentally in construction projects. A case study has also been developed to show how the proposed process is applied on a construction project and to prove its validity.     

Security management for underground space

Currently proposed projects to utilize underground space have provided little information about the necessary security management. This paper discusses risk analysis and probable security management configurations, based on the limited information available. In some cases, security management for underground space is likely to take on a configuration similar to that used for typical buildings on the surface. However, some underground facilities may have the potential for serious danger, created by the interaction of more than two individual risks.     

大型公共工程风险管理研究

公共工程是直接影响人民切身利益和国家综合发展的基础建设,由于其投资大、工期长、技术复杂、参与项目建设单位较多等特点,在建设中涉及到大量风险,因此对大型公共工程项目进行有效的风险管理势在必行。通过分析102份近年来大型公共工程的审计结果公告,总结出大型公共工程在实践中出现的核心风险点,同时应用层次分析法确定风险等级以及对项目的影响程度,结合风险管理的理论方法,对大型公共工程风险管理策略进行了研究,旨在提高控制大型公共工程项目风险的综合能力。     

基于Cloud-BIM的建设工程协同设计研究

为了推动协同设计理念在建设工程设计中的有效实施、提高各设计专业之间的协同效率,将云计算技术(Cloud Computing)与建筑信息模型(BIM)集成应用于建筑工程协同设计,构建了一个基于Could—BIM的协同设计平台,设计了其主要功能模块,包括BIM建模、任务划分与设计协同、设计者权限管理、冲突检测与消解、知识管理、基于BIM模型的扩展功能分析等六大模块,提出了该协同设计平台的实施方案,并通过一个实际工程案例分析了该协同设计平台的实施过程。研究结果表明,云计算技术和BIM有潜力支撑建设工程项目的协同设计。     

基于 Fuzzy-ISM 的建筑垃圾处理PPP 项目风险因素关系研究

PPP 模式是当前建筑垃圾资源化的热点问题。在构建建筑垃圾 PPP 项目风险评价指标体系的基础上,基于 ISM 模型构建建筑垃圾处理 PPP 项目的阶梯解释结构模型,并结合交叉影响矩阵相乘法（MICMAC）,计算系统内风险因素的驱动力和依赖力。研究结果表明:建筑垃圾处理 PPP 项目的风险因素存在递进关系,其中社会/政治风险和经济风险是主要的驱动因素;设计建造风险,运营风险,环境风险是系统中的不稳定因素,也是风险管控的关键因素;合同风险易受其他因素影响。研究结果有助于帮助建筑垃圾处理 PPP 项目参与方在项目风险评估中准确识别关键风险,进行风险预警和治理,为建筑垃圾资源化提供参考     

基于现金流视角的PPP项目财务预警指标体系构建研究

PPP项目具有建设周期较长、投资巨大、融资结构复杂、参与方众多等特点,因此存在着很大的财务风险,现金流能实时反映PPP项目资金流动情况,而对项目资金的预测又是PPP项目资金风险管理的关键。本文将结合企业财务预警与项目的评价方法,从现金流的视角构建PPP项目财务预警指标体系,以期提高PPP项目资金管理效率,确保PPP项目顺利实施及运营。     

基于普适计算和BIM的协同施工方法研究

信息的交互和共享是项目信息管理的重要内容,也是实现协同施工的基础。普适计算能提供强大的实时交互能力,建筑信息模型(BIM)被认为是实现信息共享的有效工具之一。将普适计算和BIM结合,探索实现协同施工过程中动态信息交互和共享的方法,在此基础上研究协同施工的实现方法。首先,对普适计算环境下协同施工需求进行分析,确定协同施工对信息的处理规则和要求。其次,对基于BIM的施工信息空间建立方法进行研究,建立不同类型的施工动态信息模型。最后,基于普适计算和BIM构建了协同施工的系统架构。     

建筑垃圾PPP项目风险系统稳定性分析

建筑垃圾处理 PPP 模式是建筑垃圾资源化发展的主要趋势。PPP 项目涉及的利益相关者众多,在全生命周期过程 中面临的不确定因素较多。基于建筑垃圾 PPP 项目全生命视角,构建建筑垃圾处理 PPP 项目风险评价体系,以 227 份问卷 调查数据分析为基础,利用应用管理熵理论和 Brusselator 模型,对建筑垃圾 PPP 项目风险系统稳定性耗散性能进行评价。 研究结果表明,建筑垃圾 PPP 项目风险系统处于耗散结构状态。要防范 PPP 项目系统风险非耗散性,未来应从鼓励技术创 新,加强灾害预防,提供政策扶持,加强项目管理等方面改进。     

承包商视角下国际 EPC 项目风险管理研究

国际 EPC 项目逐渐成为国际项目承包主流模式。为加强承包商对该类项目风险管理水平,以市场开发、融资生效和项目履约三阶段构成的全生命期为基准,分析了国际 EPC 项目的阶段性风险,研究了风险发展原理与风险传导路径。在此基础上,建立了国际 EPC 项目风险识别的四级指标体系,并结合熵权理论构建了风险评价标准,即项目风险标准度。此外,结合 PDCA 建立了以信息数据为核心的风险应对体系,并提出了基于项目阶段的风险应对措施     

Risk analysis in fixed-price design–build construction projects

Construction projects are being tendered and implemented under different contract systems and payment methods. Design–build has been a popular contract system in recent years. It provides various advantages through entailing the contractor carrying out and being responsible for not only construction but also the design of the work. However, design–build turns out to be a risky system for both owners and contractors unless the risks are identified, analyzed and managed throughout the tender preparation and project execution stages. In this context, this study aims to present a literature survey on the issues of risk, risk management/analysis and the design–build contract system, to propose a schedule and cost risk analysis model, and to show the applicability of these models in scheduling and cost estimation of a fixed-price design–build construction project through a case study.     

粤东西北地区污水管网设计与施工浅述

结合广东省东西北地区"一县一厂"污水处理厂配套管网工程设计与施工实践,概括了不同场地和地质条件下的管网敷设方案和设计原则,总结了污水管网地基处理、基坑支护及施工的一般原则和适用方案,以及相应的工程管理建议。文中还阐述了明挖和顶管施工中的存在问题及解决方法,提出设计方案的优化建议,以期更好地指导施工,降低施工风险,为今后相似条件的管网工程提供借鉴。     

建筑企业合同风险防范与管理

建设工程合同风险是客观存在的,按照风险的来源大致可分为客观风险和主观风险,合同风险是合同双方必须共同承担的,建筑企业合同风险防范与管理工作贯穿于投标、签约、实施等阶段。结合工作实践,论述了建筑企业合同风险的防范与管理措施。     

基于BP算法的国际工程项目政治风险评价模型

政治风险是国际工程项目最常见的风险,在分析国际工程项目政治风险基础上,提出了一个基于BP神经算法的国际工程项目政治风险评价模型。该模型可以学习专家知识,具备自适应能力。实证研究表明,该模型能够较准确预测政治风险对国际工程项目成本的影响,验证了文中方法在复杂政治风险条件下的有效性。     

建设项目管理信息系统开发风险评价研究

建设项目管理信息系统（PMIS）的发展并不成熟,其开发可能遇到技术、管理等多方面的风险。系统开发的管理者由于缺乏经验,对风险因素的管理主观、零散且盲目,导致开发项目的失败。本文综合层次分析法和模糊评估法对风险因素发生的概率、发生后的影响程度和综合影响程度进行量化,为管理者控制风险提供依据。     

浅谈建设工程风险管理

介绍了风险的含义及其分类，结合建设工程中所涉及到的风险因素及风险事件，从风险管理的原理、方法等方面论述了建设工程风险管理，对正确进行建设工程风险管理具有指导作用。     

地铁工程施工远程监控及预警系统研究

地铁工程施工远程监控及预警系统是一个基于WEB开发的B/S架构模式的应用系统。该系统对在建地铁施工进行全方位的跟踪、监测、上报、预警及事物的管理,对突发事件或有安全风险的工点做出提前告知和处理,将风险控制在合理范围,以避免安全风险事件的发生。该系统具有地形、建筑、道路、施工场地、地质构造、管线等空间信息,并提供有效的存储、显示、查询、统计、分析工具。采用现代信息技术手段,为轨道交通建设工程的安全风险管理提供一个信息化管理工具。利用该系统可以实现实时监控及预警处理等管理,同时提高工作效率。该系统在北京、南京、南昌等地的地铁建设中得到应用,并取得良好的效果。     

施工企业信息化管理系统建设风险研究——基于贝叶斯网络

施工企业信息化建设有助于提升竞争力,但存在风险。基于全生命周期理论构建施工企业信息化管理系统建设风险的评价体系,并基于贝叶斯网络模型和实际案例识别施工企业信息化管理系统建设的主要风险;最后,提出加强信息化建设风险管理的对策,为施工企业信息化管理系统建设提供参考。     

Delivery risk analysis within the context of program management using fuzzy logic and DEA: A China case study

The last decades witnessed an increasing number of large construction programs, which have presented a large number of extra risks in terms of management. This is due to the unique characteristics of programs compared to traditional projects. On the basis of definition of a construction program, a mixed approach was employed in this study to explore the management of delivery risk of a construction program. The main contents include (1) build a delivery risk structure for a construction program as the foundation of risk qualitative and quantitative analysis; (2) analyze risk magnitude and assess the efficiency of delivery methods by using fuzzy logic theory and DEA; (3) conduct a case study of the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games as an example of construction programs to apply and verify the mixed delivery risk assessment approach developed in this study. The result shows that the separate contracting delivery method which was planned to be used for the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games is not the best choice, which needs to be improved based on the principles of PM contracting and partner contracting. The mixed approach used in the case study can be employed by practitioners to select an optimal delivery method for other construction programs.