城市隧道口污染物排放的分析研究

采用三维数值模拟的方法,对隧道内废气从隧道口直接排放和经风塔排放时污染物的扩散情况进行了预测和分析,揭示了在不同风向条件下废气的扩散特征。结果表明,采用风塔排放,虽然地面污染物浓度能满足环境空气质量要求,但风塔排放口附近的污染物浓度仍超标,对周围高层建筑有一定影响。通过分析计算,建议采用在隧道出口路面两侧设置绿化带的方法来诱导隧道口排出的废气流的运动,从而控制污染物的扩散,使隧道口周围敏感区的空气质量满足环保要求。     

气溶胶污染物跨楼层传播特性数值研究—建筑热羽流影响

太阳辐射力和水平来流惯性力引起的壁面热羽流会对建筑表面的污染物跨楼层扩散传播产生明显影响。采用风洞实验和数值模拟,研究6层居民建筑在不同强度热羽流影响下,气溶胶污染物沿建筑立面不同楼层扩散分布特性。采用理查德森数Ri表示建筑立面热羽流的强弱。研究表明,建筑立面的热羽流对气溶胶污染物的扩散分布有明显影响。当Ri < 2.28时,污染物主要向迎风面近地面聚集,导致近地面污染物浓度较高;当Ri ≥ 2.28时,污染物向高处扩散,将引起严重的污染物跨楼层扩散传播风险。     

分布式能源燃气内燃机排烟NOx扩散模拟优化

建立了某商务区天然气内燃机烟气扩散三维数值模型,通过模型研究了夏季SSE风向条件下内燃机排烟中污染物NOx的分布规律.模拟结果表明:受动力阴影区影响,污染物富集于烟囱所在办公楼近壁面30 m～55 m范围及楼顶位置,局部NOx摩尔分数达1×10-6.将烟囱高度提升至12 m后,排烟将不受动力阴影区的影响,NOx浓度能控...     

世博规划区SO_2浓度分布数值计算

基于世博园区主要污染源的排污统计分析,运用ADMS-Urban模型对世博园区SO2浓度变化规律进行数值模拟计算,分析了风向、风速、云盖度及降雨等方面分析对SO2浓度扩散的影响程度,以及SO2污染世博规划区空气质量最严重的不利因素。结果表明,对世博规划区SO2浓度贡献最大的为杨树浦发电厂,云盖度对污染物浓度扩散有一定的抑制作用,降雨对污染物浓度有削减作用,降雨对污染物浓度的削减作用远远大于云盖度的抑制作用,SO2污染世博规划区空气质量最严重的不利因素为36.8°或190.8°的风向,这两种风向下世博规划区SO2浓度严重超标。     

大倾角地面太阳电池板风荷载数值模拟研究

为深入研究现行规范中对太阳电池板风荷载体型系数的合理取值问题,应用CFD方法对倾角θ为39°的地面太阳电池板进行数值模拟分析,将计算结果与风洞试验结果进行对比,验证了采用CFD方法具有较好的精度和可靠性。在此基础上以45°风向角为间隔,对来流风向从0°～180°范围的4个风向角分别进行了风场模拟,计算了太阳电池板的风压系数、体型系数、阻力系数、升力系数和倾覆力矩系数,同时提出一种新的风压分布模型。研究结果表明在180°风向角时,风压和升力值最大;45°和135°风向角时,倾覆力矩值最大,考虑梯形分布的计算模型较为合理。最后,给出了风荷载体型系数建议值,可为太阳电池板的抗风设计提供建议和依据。     

城市街道峡谷大气流动与污染物扩散的研究

随着我国城市汽车保有量的逐年增多,城市中心街区的空气质量越来越引起人们关注。通过CFD数值模拟方法研究了4种不同屋顶形状对街区污染物流动与扩散的影响。结果表明,屋顶形状不同,街区空气流动轨迹会有明显变化。平顶建筑物污染物主要集中在街道峡谷中间,污染物浓度分布指数背风侧更高,而斜屋顶污染物主要集中在迎风侧,污染物浓度分布指数迎风侧更高,楼层越低,污染物浓度分布指数越高。     

结构形状对太阳能烟囱系统热特性的影响研究

不同太阳能烟囱（SC）形状对系统集热特性影响不同。建立10°圆形SC数值模拟模型和试验台架,将系统数值模拟与试验测试结果对比验证,二者相对误差值小于4%,数值模拟方法正确;采用相同的数值模拟方法对0°圆形、0°方形和10°方形SC模型进行计算,将不同系统计算结果进行对比。结果表明：不同系统结构蓄热层表面温度场均匀性和受烟囱阴影影响不同,10°方形蓄热层表面温度场受烟囱阴影影响最小;对比烟囱内流体速度,10°方形具有更高速度梯度,更有利于确定涡轮机的位置;不同系统烟囱内部流体总焓差不同,10°方形SC系统总焓差较大;相比于0°圆形SC系统,其他3个SC系统的集热效率分别提高了11.328%、43.705%和66.061%,质量流量提升了59.36%、8.39%和39.04%。     

群体建筑环境中的风能利用研究

采用计算流体力学的方法,对不同平面、立面布局下高层建筑群周围的风环境进行模拟。确定由5座高层建筑组成的7种不同形式的平面布局,检验行人舒适度,分析不同风向下建筑物侧排风速的变化;研究两座串联布置的高层建筑的风场分布,分析建筑的高差、间距、宽度改变对目标建筑屋顶风速的影响。研究结果表明:不同风向下侧排风能最大的布局不同,0°风向时风能最大布局为反V型,最小为正V型;影响目标建筑屋顶风速的本质因素是前置建筑的来流分离点与目标建筑屋顶前沿连线与水平线所成的角度。从建筑环境中风能利用的角度,为城市规划以及高层小区建筑布局提供理论参考和依据。     

风向变化对风力机尾流影响的数值分析

为了探究风向变化对风力机尾流的影响,选取NREL 5MW风力机建立模型,采用Fluent软件在额定工况下对单台风力机及风向变化时的2台风力机进行数值模拟,并对比其输出功率及尾流的流动情况.结果表明:当风向变化角为0°,即串列排布时,上游风力机对下游风力机的影响很大;随着风向变化角由5°增大到10°,上游风力机对下游风力机的影响逐渐减小,下游风力机的功率减小率由7.53%减小到4.24%,输出功率明显增加,可见风向变化对风力机尾流有影响.     

潮流能水轮机叶片翼型水动力性能的数值模拟研究

鉴于潮流能水轮机叶轮叶片性能的好坏关系到叶轮的捕能效果,而叶片翼型的水动力性能是叶片设计的基础,基于CFD软件ANSYS CFX对部分翼型的水动力性能进行了分析。首先在不同湍流模型下对NACA2412翼型的部分水动力特性进行数值模拟并与试验值做对比分析;然后在SST湍流模型下,对NACA64421翼型在攻角为0°时,探讨了边界层网格对数值模拟结果的影响;并对其在攻角为-2°~20°情形下的水动力性能进行了数值模拟。结果表明,湍流模型的选用、边界层网格划分及近壁尺寸的选取对数值模拟结果的影响均较大,并通过数值模拟得到了NACA64421翼型的升力系数、阻力系数、最佳攻角、失速角等水动力性能参数,可为水轮机叶片设计时翼型的选取提供参考。     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

Heat of vaporization of mixtures

General expressions for the heat of vaporization of mixtures at constant pressure; at constant temperature; and at constant pressure, temperature, and composition are proposed. The last one is related to the liquid-vapor interface where steady vaporization or condensation is taking place. Numerical examples by the proposed expressions are shown for binary mixtures of HCFC22(R22) and (HCFC123(R123) © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(1): 12–24, 1996