輝锑矿浸出动力学的研究

本文针对目前湿法炼锑工艺过程研究的需要,对类似于辉锑矿浸出过程的液-固间歇式多相反应动力学模型进行了推导。用实际高价氯盐浸出辉锑矿的实验数据进行了验证。结果表明模型能较好地反映出实际过程的规律,并可以表示为:φ(R)=Kt。     

Gangue–reagent interactions during acid leaching of uranium

During the acid leaching of uranium, gangue–reagent interactions have both negative and positive consequences. Gangue dissolution increases reagent costs, and in some cases can prevent the economic acid leaching of an ore, but can also increase uranium mineral exposure and improve recoveries. Due to rapid dissolution kinetics, the acid consumption characteristics of the various carbonate species are readily predicted, however the same is not true of silicate gangue. Due to factors including slower leach rates, incongruent dissolution, parabolic kinetics, and surface area, pH and temperature dependence, the gangue acid consumption characteristics of silicate minerals are significantly more complex. A detailed mineralogical investigation and acid leach tests were conducted on sandstone-hosted uranium ore samples. The dissolution characteristics of the more common gangue phases were determined. The study demonstrated that gangue–reagent interactions can be predicted from mineralogical data, thus reducing technical risk during processing.     

新疆某铀矿石浸出试验

为了给新疆某铀矿采用地面堆浸和井下原地爆破堆浸的采矿新方法恢复生产提供依据，对该矿矿石进行了试验室搅拌浸出和柱浸试验。试验结果表明，该矿矿石氧化剂耗量少、浸出时间短、酸耗较低，属易浸矿石。矿石粒度对浸出率影响较大，当粒度从-5mm增加到-20mm时，矿石的柱浸渣计浸出率从88.7％下降到75．2％。氧化剂可提高浸出液铀浓度，但提高幅度不大。     

云南某含镍蛇纹石矿硫酸搅拌浸出的研究

对云南某地蛇纹石型含镍红土矿进行了常压搅拌浸出试验研究,通过试验得出了浸出的最佳工艺条件:硫酸用量0.4kg/kg试样、矿浆浓度33.33%、温度95℃、时间120min,在此条件下,搅拌浸出2h后镍和钴的浸出率可分别达到74%和78%.     

Leaching of atacamite (Cu2(OH)3Cl) using dilute sulphuric acid

The oxidised zone at the Mount Gunson, South Australia, copper mine contains copper in the form of atacamite. Copper at the Mount Gunson mine is currently being recovered by both heap and inplace leaching followed by cementation onto scrap iron. It was the purpose of this study to investigate the suitability of the ore to agitation leach processing. Agitation leaching was conducted at pH 2, and the results were subjected to kinetic analyses.     

杂质离子对黄铜矿浸出的影响机理研究

为探究杂质矿物对黄铜矿浸出的影响,考察了不同种类离子对黄铜矿浸出的影响。研究发现:Al2(SO4)3对铜浸出起促进作用,而Na2SO4、K2SO4、MgSO4对铜浸出起抑制作用;相比于SO2-4,Cl-由于可在黄铜矿表面产生疏松多孔硫层,加快浸出剂的扩散,从而对铜浸出起促进作用。动力学分析表明,添加Na+、K+、Al3+时,黄铜矿浸出过程由界面化学反应控制;而Mg2+存在时黄铜矿浸出由扩散反应控制;添加Cl-时,黄铜矿浸出受界面化学反应控制;添加SO2-4时,黄铜矿浸出由扩散反应控制。试验结果可以为黄铜矿湿法冶金过程提高铜浸出率提供参考。     

浅议进口铁矿石粒度指标

近年来进口铁矿量增加较快,而进口铁矿石的质量指标之一--粒度,是贸易双方非常重视的一项指标。介绍了铁矿石粒度指标的重要性,并就铁矿粒度检验过程中需要注意的一些问题提出来供参考。     

PA—ⅡA型粒度计的研制

PA-ⅡA型粒度分析仪是一种高精度、多通道颗粒计数和粒度测量仪器，广泛用于工业和生物方面的质量控制和研究。该仪器是唯一能在一次测量中给出数量和体积粒度分布的粒度分析仪，其测量范围为1～120μm。数据处理采用计算机系统，灵活、方便。     

在超细粉碎过程中研磨时间与粒度的关系初探

在超细粉碎试验研究过程中,通过按不同的研磨时间取样,对所取样品进行粒度及粒度分布的测定,以及对所测数据的整理,可得出一定的规律。     

伊犁盆地某砂岩铀矿的浸出动力学特征

研究浸出过程动力学的主要目的为揭示浸出过程的控制步骤,从而有针对性地采取措施进行强化。以伊犁盆地某砂岩铀矿为研究对象,分析了其浸出动力学特征。铀浸出反应速率主要受扩散控制,表面化学反应的影响相对较小。对该砂岩铀矿含矿层粒度分布特征进行系统研究显得十分必要,它可为铀矿山合理采用地浸技术及其经济技术评价提供重要参考。增加溶浸剂浓度也可在一定程度上提高铀浸出率与资源回收率。     

融合浸出过程流程特性的梯形LSTM终点pH值模型预测控制

在锌冶炼浸出过程中,pH值的稳定控制是影响生产成本和产品质量的关键。针对浸出过程连续反应搅拌釜(CSTR)机理复杂、入口条件波动大、反应大滞后的问题,提出了融合流程特性的梯形长短期记忆网络模型预测控制(TLSTM-MPC)算法。首先,分析了影响浸出过程pH值稳定控制的关键因素。结合CSTR的级联特性,提出一种表征CSTR物理特性的梯形长短期记忆网络结构(TLSTM)模型,使预测模型具有较好的物理可解释性。针对入口条件波动和反应过程大滞后的问题,提出了TLSTM-MPC算法,并采用粒子群算法进行优化求解。最后,采用某大型浸出过程现场运行数据进行验证。结果表明,该算法的超调量和调节时间相对传统控制方法分别降低了51.2%和57.4%,且在入口波动的情况下能够快速的稳定pH值。可见,该方法对浸出过程的稳定、高质量生产具有较大的工程实践应用价值。     

Agglomeration for heap leaching: Equipment design, agglomerate quality control, and impact on the heap leach process

In preparation for demonstration heaps, the optimum conditions for agglomeration were determined through testwork. Producing a narrow size distribution of agglomerates in which few agglomerates were smaller than a rice grain, controlling the moisture content to 8–10%, and adding 0.3 kg/t of a commercial polymeric binder were the most important conditions for creating a porous packed bed, as determined from column tests.In a continuous operation, these conditions could be controlled effectively via the ore and solution feed rates to achieve a residence time of 2 min. This ensured that very large, poorly-shaped agglomerates formed before 1.5 min were fragmented into mid-size, well-shaped agglomerates, as well as allowed consolidation of small agglomerates into mid-size ones. Although the residence time of 2 min may not be the optimum for other ores, this study proved that the residence time was the same in a batch or continuous operation regardless of ore type or size distribution.Under the same conditions of agglomeration, the demonstration heaps did not validate the results of the column tests. The heaps were more compact because of the absence of structural support otherwise present in columns through the wall effect. These results highlight the value of demonstration heaps in the scale-up process.     

磨矿细度对胡家峪矿选铜指标影响

针对胡家峪矿选矿指标下降的问题，对工艺技术条件及现场操作状况进行了综合分析，找出了原因，进行了工业试验，制定了改进措施。     

刚果(金)某氧化钴矿还原酸浸试验

采用亚硫酸钠为还原剂对来自刚果(金)某钴含量为1.10%的氧化钴矿进行了还原酸浸试验研究,考察了还原剂用量、硫酸用量、浸出温度、液固比等因素对浸出率的影响。结果显示:最优浸出条件为:反应温度70℃,液固比1.5,还原剂用量为钴锰完全还原理论用量1.8倍,在此条件下钴的浸出率可达94.86%,锰浸出率97.43%,铁浸出率15.56%,铝浸出率42.53%,浸渣含钴0.059%。对浸出前后的物料进行分析表明,还原酸浸过程充分破坏了金属矿物结构,使有价金属以离子形式进入溶液,实现了有价元素的选择性浸出。     

硫酸浸出次氧化锌粉动力学研究

针对酸浸渣经过回转窑挥发后的产物次氧化锌粉,采用硫酸作为浸出剂和单粒度级别的模型,研究了浸出温度和硫酸浓度对锌浸出率的影响,并获得了该反应的动力学方程。结果表明,硫酸浸出次氧化锌粉反应为化学控制过程,活化能为66.838kJ/mol,反应级数为0.33。     

砷锑铋中和富集渣中铋浸出行为及动力学研究

本文以砷锑铋中和富集渣为原料,研究了盐酸浓度、液固比、反应温度及反应时间对Bi、Cu、Pb、As、Sb的浸出行为及Bi的浸出动力学。结果表明:当盐酸浓度为6.0 mol/L、液固比为6:1、温度为80 ℃、浸出时间为15 min时,Bi、Cu、Pb、As、Sb的浸出率分别为97.4 %、96.1 %、75.9 %、93.6 %、96.0 %;铋浸出过程动力学可分为两个阶段控制,前期受界面传质与扩散的混合控制,后期受化学反应控制,反应活化能分别为14.50 kJ/mol和82.80 kJ/mol。     

The flotation behaviour of N-(3-aminopropyl)-dodecanamide on three aluminosilicates

The surface properties and flotation behaviour of aluminosilicates including kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite, using N-(3-aminopropyl)-dodecanamide as a collector, have been investigated. The best recoveries of kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite were respectively 91.5%, 90.6%, and 96.3%. On the basis of FT-IR spectra and zeta potential, the ionization of surface hydroxyl, as well as isomorphic exchange of surface ions, accounts for the mineral surface charges. The mechanisms of interactions of the mineral surface with collectors depend on the pH of the pulp. In the acidic region, the interactions of the mineral surfaces with the collector were mainly electrostatic, but in the alkaline region, the interactions are mainly due to hydrogen bonding. It can be seen from SEM photographs of aluminosilicates that pyrophyllite takes the shape of thin slices, but kaolinite and illite have irregular porous structures. Specific surface area and particle size distributions of aluminosilicates also indicate that kaolinite and illite are relatively large porous particles with larger external as well as internal surface areas.     

湖北某磁铁矿助磨剂试验研究

就7种助磨剂对湖北某磁铁矿助磨效果进行了研究。结果表明,在磨矿浓度为70%、磨矿时间为2 min情况下,添加适量的助磨剂对磁铁矿的磨矿均有较显著的助磨作用。其中石灰、六偏磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠能较大幅度地提高球磨排矿产品中0.075～0.045 mm粒级的含量;而氢氧化钠、硅酸钠、碳酸钠能较大幅提高球磨产品中-0.045 mm粒级的含量。过量助磨剂不但没有助磨作用,反而不利于磨矿。