对位芳纶沉析纤维及其纸基材料性能的研究

采用扫描电子显微镜、比表面积仪、纤维形态分析仪、X射线衍射仪等对比分析了对位芳纶沉析纤维和对位芳纶浆粕纤维的微观形貌、形态参数、结晶结构以及成纸性能。实验表明,与对位芳纶浆粕纤维相比,对位芳纶沉析纤维呈非粒状且尺寸较小,外形上既像皱膜又像薄片,表面活性高,比表面积大,达到7.35 m2/g;纤维细碎化程度高,长度均一性好,柔软性好,强韧性高;结晶度为28.55%,具备细微丝晶结构,有利于成纸的匀度和强度;配抄成纸机械强度和电气性能均高于对位芳纶浆粕纤维配抄的纸。     

对位芳纶纤维的动态力学分析

基于对对位芳纶纤维及对位芳纶纸进行动态力学分析,探究了对位芳纶纤维在一定频率的交变力作用下的应变行为及纸基材料内部分子的运动。研究表明,温度由低到高时,对位芳纶纸基材料经历了玻璃态、高弹态、黏流态3种不同的状态;由于结晶度较高的对位芳纶短切纤维的贡献,配抄纸样的初始储能模量高于纯浆粕纤维;热压可以使芳纶浆粕纤维发生重结晶,提高结晶度,有利于改善纤维的储能模量;通过动态力学温度谱图,可以从微观角度说明抄造芳纶纸用的对位芳纶短切纤维和对位芳纶浆粕纤维的共混性很好。     

PCB用对位芳纶纤维原纸的制备工艺研究

探讨了对位芳纶短切纤维的长度配比、芳纶浆粕用量、芳纶浆粕打浆度对芳纶原纸物理性能的影响。研究显示,芳纶原纸的物理性能与对位芳纶短切纤维的长度配比、芳纶浆粕用量及浆粕打浆度有密切关系。全芳纶原纸的最佳抄造工艺为:芳纶浆粕的打浆度为25.0 SR,用量为80%,长度为3mm和6mm的对位芳纶短切纤维的用量分别为4%、16%。原纸定量75g/m2,紧度0.27g/m3,抗张指数为13.6N·m/g,撕裂指数为24.9m N·m2/g,伸长率为2.82%。     

芳纶1313浆粕结构形态及其对成纸性能的影响

对芳纶1313浆粕(简称芳纶浆粕)进行筛分,重点研究了不同筛分芳纶浆粕的结构、纤维形态及其对芳纶纸性能的影响。以不同筛分芳纶浆粕的纤维平均长度、结晶度、相对分子质量、比表面积和打浆度对芳纶浆粕结构和纤维形态进行表征,以不同筛分芳纶浆粕与芳纶短切纤维配抄的芳纶纸的物理性能来评价成纸性能。结果表明,芳纶浆粕比表面积和打浆度对未热压芳纶纸性能影响较大,比表面积大和打浆度高的芳纶浆粕适合抄造未热压芳纶纸;而芳纶浆粕相对分子质量和热压后结晶度对热压芳纶纸性能影响较大,中等相对分子质量的芳纶浆粕适合抄造热压芳纶纸。     

对位芳纶浆粕结构及性能的表征

对4种造纸用芳纶浆粕的结构与性能进行了研究,探讨了造纸用芳纶浆粕的表征方法.用光学显微镜及SEM观察纤维形态.用kajaani FS-200测定纤维的粗度、平均长度及长度分布;用打浆度、保水值表征浆粕的滤水性;用BET法测定浆柏的比表面积;比较了4种造纸用芳纶浆粕的抄造性能及芳纶纸的物理强度.结果表明,芳纶浆粕纤维的表面细纤维化程度、打浆度、保水值、比表面积的变化呈现一致的规律性.纤维粗度、长度变化规律性不明显,这种评价方法可以有效地表征浆粕的性能,在抄造芳纶特种纸时,要综合考虑浆柏纤维的长度、粗度以及比表面积等相关因素.     

对位芳纶浆粕纤维形态特性与纸张性能

对比分析了进口与国产两种对位芳纶浆粕纤维的微观形态、纤维尺寸分布、比表面积、纸张性能,以及晶态结构、热学性能等特性,并在此基础上探讨了浆粕纤维不同形态结构和性能对所抄芳纶纸增强效果的影响。结果表明,国产芳纶浆粕纤维无论是纸张性能还是结构仍然有较大的改进空间;更柔顺的纤维形态、更大的比表面积、更均匀的纤维尺寸分布以及更加完善的晶态结构均能改善浆粕纤维在复合材料中的增强效果。     

对位芳纶纸性能研究

针对对位芳纶纤维(PPTA)的抄造性能,研究了浆粕纤维与短切纤维的纤维形态、纤维配比以及抄造方式对成纸性能的影响,并添加间位芳纶沉析纤维与PPTA配抄来探讨对位芳纶纸的性能。实验结果表明,采用层合法成形,PPTA浆粕纤维与短切纤维质量比为7∶3时,成纸性能达最佳值,并且添加沉析纤维可以明显增强对位芳纶纸的机械性能。     

PBO沉析浆粕抄造性能的研究

本文研究了PBO(聚对苯撑苯并二(啞)唑)沉析浆粕的抄造性能,讨论了PBO沉析浆粕与短切纤维、原纤化浆粕的配抄性能.实验结果表明,PBO沉析浆粕有着良好的分散性能;沉析浆粕与短切纤维、原纤化浆粕有着良好的配抄性能,当沉析浆粕原纤化浆粕短切纤维=433时,PBO纸页裂断长可达1.21km,撕裂指数3.13mN·m2/g,耐破指数3.19kPa·m2/g.     

聚酰亚胺树脂提升对位芳纶纸性能研究

对位芳纶纤维分子链刚性结构以及纤维表面化学惰性导致纤维间的结合力较差,进而导致其机械性能较低。本实验利用高强、高模、耐高温性能优异的聚酰亚胺树脂溶液浸渍对位芳纶原纸,以此来增强对位芳纶纸基材料的力学性能及耐热性能。实验结果表明,浸渍后纸页抗张、撕裂指数比未经处理的纸样绝对值分别增大了32.9%和54.2%。XRD分析表明,浸渍后纸页的结晶度增大,这将有利于在纸页热压后提升其物理性能。SEM图显示由于聚酰亚胺树脂溶液的浸渍作用,对位芳纶浆粕和短切纤维在纸页的表面分布更加均匀,起到增强效果。TG分析表明,经过浸渍处理后,对位芳纶纸的最初分解温度达到500℃,显著提升了其耐温性能。     

对位芳纶纤维的槽式打浆研究

采用槽式打浆设备制备对位芳纶浆粕,通过正交试验,探讨了前处理条件、打浆工艺条件,如打浆时间、挂刀负荷、浆浓等对芳纶浆粕形态结构、比表面积、纤维重均长度以及纸页匀度、力学性能的影响,为芳纶纸的研制提供一定的理论指导。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.