蒸汽与液氨爆破对白酒丢糟稀硫酸降解工艺的影响研究

以白酒厂丟糟为原料,自制爆破装置,采用化学分析与扫描电镜、X射线衍射相结合的方法,分别研究了蒸汽爆破在温度200℃～220℃,维压时间5min～20min,压力1.0MPa～4.0MPa;液氨爆破在温度60℃～80℃,维压时间10min～30min,压力1.0MPa～4.0MPa的条件下,蒸汽与液氨爆破预处理对丢糟的主要成分与稀硫酸水解还原糖得率的影响。结果表明,当蒸汽爆破条件为温度210℃,时间10min,压力2.5MPa时,处理后物料纤维素含量33.42%,半纤维素19.03%,稀硫酸水解还原糖得率最高51.92%;当液氨爆破条件为温度70℃,时间30min,压力2.5MPa时,处理后物料纤维素含量19.01%,半纤维素32.45%,稀硫酸水解还原糖得率最高48.09%。SEM与XRD显示,蒸汽与液氨爆破后白酒丢糟纤维形态结构受到不同程度的破坏,表面断裂、空隙增加,纤维素的结晶度降低,有利于稀酸水解作用的进行。     

稻草酸水解制还原糖的工艺条件

研究了用稀H2SO4直接酸解稻草制还原糖的最佳条件,探讨了酸浓度、酸解温度和酸解时间等因素对还原糖含量的影响。实验表明,用稀H2SO4直接酸解稻草省去了预处理步骤,能获得较大的还原糖收率。采用正交实验法,以总还原糖浓度为考察指标,对实验结果进行方差分析,得出稀H2SO4酸解稻草的最适宜工艺条件为:硫酸质量分数20%,水解温度60℃,水解时间36h,稻草与硫酸量比为1∶10,可获得还原糖浓度为23.835g/L。对于稻草水解过程,认为4h前主要为半纤维素水解,16～36h主要为纤维素水解,36h后水解基本完成。     

稻草稀酸水解发酵制备饲料酵母的工艺研究

采用正交实验法研究了不同预处理条件对稀硫酸酸解稻草制取还原糖的影响,研究结果表明,硫酸水解稻草制取还原糖工的最佳工艺条件为:H2SO4质量分数2%,水解温度121℃,酸水解时间45min,同液比1∶10.在此条件下,稻草酸解液最大还原糖浓度为29.28g/L;进一步研究了用稻草水解液发酵制备饲料酵母的最佳培养条件,当初始pH值为4.5,培养温度为30℃,转速为180r/min,培养时间为24h时,稻草水解液发酵制备饲料酵母的还原糖利用率较高,可达到79.95%.     

响应面试验优化蒸汽爆破酸解制备玉米皮渣还原糖工艺及水解程度分析

为提高湿法加工玉米淀粉产生的副产物玉米皮渣中还原糖的得率,以玉米皮渣为原料,研究蒸汽爆破处理原料、酸水解法制备还原糖的最优工艺条件,对硫酸体积分数、水解时间、水解温度和料液比4 个因素分别进行单因素试验,根据单因素试验结果设计Box-Behnken试验,以还原糖含量为指标值,采用响应面分析法确定降解的最优工艺参数,通过离子色谱法分析水解产物的组分。结果表明：最优工艺参数为硫酸体积分数1.66%、水解时间1.5 h、水解温度120 ℃、料液比1∶10（g/mL）,此条件下还原糖含量为54.61%,比未经蒸汽爆破处理的降解液中还原糖含量高出9.58%。降解液经离子色谱分析后发现主要含3 种还原糖,分别为D-葡萄糖19.34 mg/mL、D-木糖16.01 mg/mL、L-阿拉伯糖10.37 mg/mL。同时对降解剩余物进行分析后发现,与原料相比蒸汽爆破酸解剩余物的纤维结构较疏松,裂解程度大,表面有孔洞和裂痕,说明蒸汽爆破酸解处理对纤维素、半纤维素及木质素的溶解力较强。这与两者降解液中还原糖含量结果相一致。     

超声波处理玉米芯制备低聚木糖的条件优化

考察了试验室规模下超声波处理玉米芯提取木聚糖经酶水解制备低聚木糖的影响因素,通过单因素试验和正交试验,优化了提取和水解条件。结果表明:以质量分数5%Na OH溶液为提取剂,超声功率为180 W,超声温度为60℃的条件下提取45 min,木聚糖产率可达到33.18%。所得提取液经脱色,调p H,调木聚糖底物浓度后酶水解制备低聚木糖。最佳酶解条件为:木聚糖底物质量浓度10 mg/m L,加酶量质量分数1.5%(相对于玉米芯干物料),酶水解时间为8 h的条件下,水解液中还原糖的质量浓度达到6.89 mg/m L。     

蒸汽爆破预处理对芦苇酶解糖化的影响

芦苇适应性广、生物产量高,是一种很有潜力的可再生能源作物,但芦苇质地紧密,难以直接酶解,该研究采用蒸汽爆破对芦苇进行预处理,并对稀硫酸、NaOH及稀H2SO4-蒸汽爆破预处理液及酶糖化液糖组分进行比较分析.结果表明,稀H2SO4-蒸汽爆破预处理效果最好,1％ H2SO4浸泡芦苇10h,2.0MPa-120s汽爆处理,预处理糖化率为37.8％,酶解糖化率达82％;糖液组分分析也显示,稀H2SO4-蒸汽爆破预处理能得到更多的可发酵糖,酶解液糖浓度31.22mg/mL,葡萄糖和木糖含量分别占52.75％和43.39％.     

啤酒糟预处理技术

采用蒸汽爆破、超微粉碎、纤维素酶水解预处理技术对啤酒糟进行了预处理,分析了预处理前后啤酒糟纤维形态结构、纤维组分和还原糖的变化,结果表明,蒸汽爆破预处理技术能有效的破坏啤酒糟中的纤维形态结构,降低中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量,并提高啤酒糟中还原糖的含量;研究并优化了纤维素酶水解啤酒糟的最佳条件是:酶浓度180U/g,底物浓度为10%,温度为50℃,作用时间为6h;蒸汽爆破后的啤酒糟经纤维素酶水解后,还原糖净增量达12.77mg/mL,NDF基本没有变化。     

海带生物质酸水解条件优化及其乙醇发酵研究

采用稀硫酸对海带进行预处理,对酸浓度、水解时间、水解温度、底物浓度4个单因素进行单因素试验分析,再通过4因素3水平正交试验对预处理条件进行优化,最终确定最佳水解条件为:酸浓度2％(v/v)、水解时间60 min、水解温度121℃、底物浓度5％,还原糖得率为22.7％±0.27％.接入毕赤酵母(Pichia angophorae ATCC22304)发酵,乙醇的最大产量为1.58 g/L,乙醇得率为0.415 g乙醇/g还原糖,是理论得率的81.3％.试验结果表明,毕赤酵母可以有效水解海带液中的还原糖以进行细胞生长和乙醇发酵.     

酿造苦荞酱油用糖浆的液化和糖化工艺优化

以苦荞碎米为原料对酶法制备苦荞酱油糖浆盐水的液化及糖化工艺进行研究。通过单因素和正交试验,以液化液中还原糖含量和透光率,糖化液中还原糖和总黄酮含量为指标,探讨不同因素对苦荞碎米液化和糖化过程的影响。苦荞碎米的最佳液化条件为:α-淀粉酶添加量50 U/g,料水比1∶9.0(g∶m L),液化温度90℃,液化时间10 min,p H6.5~7.0;最佳糖化工艺条件为:糖化酶添加量250 U/g,糖化温度60℃,糖化时间5 h,p H4。在此工艺条件下,糖化液中还原糖含量为13.70%,总黄酮含量为6.95 mg/g。     

麦秆碱预处理和同步糖化发酵工艺优化研究

通过响应面法和正交实验分别优化了麦秆的碱预处理工艺条件和同步糖化发酵工艺条件。首先以麦秆为底物通过Box-behnken设计研究了预处理温度、NaOH质量分数、预处理时间和底物质量浓度对总还原糖含量的影响;然后通过正交实验对碱预处理麦秆的同步糖化发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明:最佳碱预处理工艺条件为预处理温度137.64℃、NaOH质量分数6.72%、预处理时间41.93 min和底物质量浓度9.23 g/L,此时总还原糖含量最高,为496.00 mg/g,为未预处理底物的5.12倍,说明碱预处理可以较好地提高麦秆的糖化率;最佳同步糖化发酵工艺条件为发酵温度39℃、酵母接种量0.1%、酶质量浓度0.2 g/L和发酵时间2 d,此时乙醇含量最高,为22.84g/L。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press