丁二酰化香蕉纤维素对Pb~(2+)的吸附性能及其结构表征

研究了丁二酸酐修饰的香蕉纤维素对水溶液中Pb~(2+)的吸附特性,明确改性香蕉纤维素吸附剂的添加量、溶液pH值、温度及Pb~(2+)初始质量浓度对吸附效果的影响,并探讨吸附过程的动力学特征。结果表明,改性香蕉纤维素对Pb~(2+)吸附的最佳pH值为5.0,单位吸附量随吸附剂添加量的减小、Pb~(2+)初始质量浓度的增加而增加。在优化试验条件下,1 g/L的吸附剂在30℃时,对pH5的50 m L 100 mg/L Pb~(2+)溶液中,单位吸附量达到44.3 mg/g。改性香蕉纤维素对Pb~(2+)的吸附动力学模型符合准二级动力学模型,拟合系数在0.999以上。结合傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜-热重分析和X射线衍射分析手段,发现改性香蕉纤维素对Pb~(2+)的吸附以物理吸附为主,同时包括螯合作用、离子交换等化学吸附及颗粒内扩散等过程。     

纳米纤维素/石墨烯复合气凝胶吸附水中亚甲基蓝的研究

以微晶纤维素(microcrystalline cellulose,MCC)为原料,通过硫酸水解先制得纤维素纳米晶体(nanocrystalline cellulose,CNC),再把CNC和生物质石墨烯(Gr)按一定配比进行超声分散,依次经悬浮滴定、叔丁醇溶液置换法、冷冻干燥技术得到纳米纤维素/石墨烯复合气凝胶(CGA),以研究CGA对水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除率以及CGA剂量、吸附时间、反应温度、pH值对其的影响。研究发现,CGA对MB具有较高的去除率。在吸附反应过程中,吸附剂CGA投加量的最佳浓度为2 g/L,在前10 min内反应速率很快,并约在120 min内达到吸附平衡。去除率的大小随反应温度升高而增大,为吸热反应,pH值越大去除效果越好,吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型,通过Langmuir等温吸附方程得到CGA去除率最高达98%,最大吸附量为125 mg/g。     

改性纳米纤维素吸附材料的制备与表征

纳米纤维素具有极大的比表面积和良好的反应性能,可广泛应用于环境保护领域。本论文以纳米纤维素纤维(Cellulose Nanofibers,CNFs)为原料,经过化学改性制备了羧基化纳米纤维素(Carboxylated CNFs,C-CNFs)和氨基化纳米纤维素(Amino CNFs,A-CNFs)。在pH=5.5时,C-CNFs对于Pb~(2+)的吸附量最大为395mg/g,经过酸洗脱再生效率达到96%。在p H=4.5时,A-CNFs对Cr~(6+)的吸附量最大为103mg/g,经过碱洗脱再生效率达到93%。作为吸附剂,两种改性纳米纤维素均符合朗缪尔等温吸附模型,说明对金属离子的吸附为单分子层吸附。     

疏水纤维素柔性凝胶材料吸附苯酚性能研究

以粉末状纤维素和丙烯酰胺为单体,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N, N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,制备了纤维素柔性凝胶材料（MPCs）,经疏水改性处理后得到疏水纤维素柔性凝胶材料（T-MPCs）,并用于吸附分离溶液中的苯酚。通过改变苯酚溶液pH值、初始浓度和吸附剂添加量,研究T-MPCs吸附苯酚的影响因素和吸附机理。结果表明,T-MPCs是一种表面多孔的柔性凝胶材料,在吸附温度25 ℃、溶液pH值7.0、吸附时间360 min、初始浓度200 mg/L的条件下,T-MPCs添加量为1000 mg/L时,其对苯酚的平衡吸附量为148.9 mg/g,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型及Freundlich等温吸附模型,具有良好的再生能力,5次循环再生后,T-MPCs吸附性能下降15.2%。     

芫荽对废水中重金属铅吸附性能的研究

研究时间、初始pH值、芫荽用量和溶液初始浓度等因素对芫荽吸附重金属Pb(Ⅱ)的影响。结果表明芫荽对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附是一个快速吸附过程,吸附达到平衡的时间约为20 min,且初始吸附速率随温度上升而增加。随着初始pH值在一定范围内增加,Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量从0.51 mg/g迅速增加至7.21 mg/g,去除率由2.02%增加至28.84%;其次芫荽添加量增加,Pb(Ⅱ)吸附量由20.00 mg/g降为6.13 mg/g,去除率则由20.00%升高至73.52%;随着Pb(Ⅱ)溶液的初始浓度的增加,芫荽对其去除率由83.00%下降到50.46%;而吸附量则由4.15 mg/g增大至22.71 mg/g;动力学模型和吸附热力学研究表明:芫荽Pb(Ⅱ)吸附等温曲线属于Langmuir模型,且利用准二级动力学模型可较好描述其吸附动力学的过程。     

改性棉秆皮微晶纤维素纤维的制备及其吸附性能

利用马来酸酐对自制棉秆皮微晶纤维素进行接枝改性,再利用二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIm]Cl)将改性棉秆皮微晶纤维素溶解成纺丝液进行湿法纺丝。使用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等仪器对纤维结构和性能进行表征。探讨了DMSO添加量(与改性棉秆皮微晶纤维素[BMIm]Cl溶解体系的质量比值)和凝固时间对纤维吸附性能和力学性能的影响,以及吸附时间、染液质量浓度、温度、pH对纤维吸附亚甲基蓝的影响,并运用吸附动力学模型和吸附等温线模型对吸附数据进行模拟。结果表明:在DMSO添加量为1.00、凝固时间为120 s条件下制备的改性棉秆皮微晶纤维素纤维对亚甲基蓝的吸附量为159.11 mg/g、断裂强力为30.37 cN,吸附方程符合Ho准二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温线模型。     

纤维素纳米纤丝气凝胶制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

针对印染废水中的亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附问题,以水稻秸秆纤维素纳米纤丝(CNF)悬浮液为原料,通过冻融凝胶、叔丁醇溶剂置换、液氮冷冻干燥制得CNF气凝胶,对其形态结构进行表征,并研究其对MB的吸附性能;考察了吸附剂用量、溶液pH值的影响,并利用吸附动力学和吸附等温线模型对吸附机制进行探讨分析。结果表明:叔丁醇冷冻干燥得到的CNF气凝胶内分布着大量由直径6~26 nm的蛛丝状纤丝构成的三维网络结构,其比表面积为52.25 m²/g,平均孔径为28.82 nm,是多孔材料;准二级动力学模型和Freundlich吸附等温线模型能更好地描述CNF气凝胶对MB的吸附过程,计算得到理论最大吸附量为196.08 mg/g。     

含硫改性壳聚糖/NCC复合气凝胶的制备及其在废水中应用

本文以纳米结晶纤维素(NCC)和含硫改性壳聚糖为原料,合成含硫改性壳聚糖气凝胶和含硫改性壳聚糖/NCC复合气凝胶。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和比表面积(BET)对两种气凝胶的形貌和结构进行了分析;并通过改变溶液的pH值、初始浓度、吸附时间和吸附剂用量等吸附条件,探究了气凝胶对Hg~(2+)的吸附情况。实验结果表明,与含硫改性壳聚糖气凝胶相比,复合气凝胶的比表面积增大了10.37%;在pH为5、吸附剂用量30.0 mg和Hg~(2+)溶液初始浓度为100mg/L时,复合气凝胶的最大吸附容量达到最大为242.3 mg/g,比含硫改性壳聚糖气凝胶增加了2.02%;并且复合气凝胶对Hg~(2+)的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,同时复合气凝胶能用脱附剂EDTA脱附再生。     

磁性复合凝胶球的制备及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

以海藻酸钠(SA)、自制羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)和纳米Fe_3O_4为原料,采用落球法制备Fe_3O_4/CMCS/SA复合凝胶球(MCSB)吸附剂,用FTIR和SEM进行表征。考察了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、溶液pH、吸附温度和溶液初始质量浓度对亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附性能的影响,研究了MCSB对MB的吸附动力学和热力学。结果表明:在吸附剂用量为0.4 g/L、pH为7、吸附时间为100 min、MB初始质量浓度为50 mg/L的条件下,MCSB对MB的去除率和吸附容量分别达到90.62%和113.28 mg/g,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程(R~2=0.998 39)和Langmuir吸附等温线模型(R~2=0.999 46)。     

胺化氰乙基木素吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附行为研究

通过对球形木素珠体(SLB)进行两步化学改性,接枝具有固化SLB自身结构和造孔功能的氰基官能团以及对重金属离子存在吸附作用的胺基官能团,得到胺化氰乙基木素吸附剂(SLBAN)。实验探索了SLBAN对Cr(Ⅵ)溶液的吸附行为,考察了SLBAN用量、吸附时间和pH值等因素对吸附的影响,并依据动力学和热力学模型进行分析。结果表明,SLBAN对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型;当吸附剂用量为2 g/L,pH值为2时,吸附约3 h达到平衡,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达到86%左右,在328 K,SLBAN的饱和吸附容量为102 mg/g;吸附过程同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,整个过程是自发的吸热反应过程,吸附过程为熵推动过程。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.