1-L-脯氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖纯化研究

采用沉淀法、纳滤法和离子交换树脂法对1-L-脯氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖(1-L-proline-1-deoxy-D-fructose,PDF)进行分离纯化,并对该3种方法得到的PDF的纯度进行比较.结果表明:①溶剂沉淀法得到的PDF的纯度较低(35％～62％);②纳滤法得到的PDF的纯度可达75％以上;③强阴离子交换树脂可以高效分离纯化PDF,纯度达90％以上,而弱阴离子交换树脂的纯化效果不理想.说明强阴离子交换树脂是分离纯化PDF的最佳方法.     

2-L-天冬氨酸-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖的合成及热裂解分析

以D-果糖和L-天冬氨酸单钾盐为原料合成了2-L-天冬氨酸-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、 1H核磁共振（nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR）、13C NMR和高分辨率质谱技术进行结构表征。应用热重-微商 热重和在线裂解气相色谱/质谱联用技术分别研究了2-L-天冬氨酸-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖的热失重和热裂解行为。采用 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除法和还原能力法对其体外抗氧化活性进 行测定。结果表明：合成产物为目标化合物;目标化合物的裂解温度为187.8 ℃,700 ℃时总失重达到91.26%;目 标化合物裂解产物的数量随温度的升高而增多,裂解产物包括杂环类、酮类、羧酸类、醛类、酚类、烯烃类、醇类 和芳烃类等化合物,裂解产物表现出烘焙香、甜香、焦甜香、可可香、花香和奶香等香韵;目标产物具有较强的 DPPH自由基清除能力和还原能力,是一种潜在的抗氧化剂。     

2-L-丙氨酸-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖的合成、热裂解及保润性能研究

L-丙氨酸(Ala)和D-果糖(Fru)经缩合、脱水和重排反应合成了一种美拉德反应中间体2-L-丙氨酸-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖(Ala-Glu);采用热重-微商热重(TG-DTG)和在线裂解气相色谱/质谱联用法(Py-GC/MS)对化合物热失重和热解行为进行研究;以烟丝干基含水率为指标,对化合物物理保润性能进行测试,并考察其对卷烟感官舒适度的影响。结果表明:产物为目标化合物;Ala-Glu初始裂解温度为178.9℃,800℃时总失重达到90%;裂解产物数量随温度的升高而增多,裂解产物主要为吡嗪类、吡啶类、吡咯类、呋喃类和吡喃酮类等化合物;Ala-Glu保湿性能优于丙二醇和甘油;AlaGlu具有使烟气圆润、柔和,减少刺激性和杂气,提升口感舒适性的作用。     

1-L-亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖和1-L-异亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热裂解分析

采用热重-差热法对1-L-亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖（Ⅰ）和1-L-异亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖（Ⅱ）的热失重和热裂解温度进行了研究,通过在线裂解GC-MS联用技术分别对（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）在350℃、450℃、550℃、650℃、750℃和850℃条件下的裂解产物进行了鉴定。研究结果表明2种Amadori化合物的的热失重曲线相似,（Ⅰ）的裂解温度为144.67℃,（Ⅱ）的裂解温度为164.26℃,600℃时（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）失重约80%;二者裂解产物主要为吡嗪类、吡啶类、吡咯类、喹啉类和呋喃类等杂环化合物,芳香族化合物以及醛类和酮类,其中以吡嗪类为主;裂解产物的数量随着裂解温度的升高而增多,（Ⅰ）的裂解产物数量与（Ⅱ）的裂解产物数量相当。对（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）的主要裂解产物形成途径进行了初步探讨,可为研究其在卷烟燃烧过程中的转化行为提供参考。      

1-L-苯丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的水相制备研究

为实现美拉德反应中间体的水相制备,该研究以葡萄糖和苯丙氨酸为原料,分析了不同水相制备方法对1-L-苯丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖(PDF)产率的影响,以探索最佳的水相制备方法.研究结果表明,相比于常压不脱水水相制备法和微波加热水相制备法,真空脱水水相制备法具有最高的PDF产率.通过单因素实验明确了真空脱水水相制备法制备P...     

1-L-丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热裂解分析

采用热重/差热(TG-DTA)和在线裂解气相色谱/质谱联用(Py-GC/MS)分析技术对1-L-丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖(Ala-Fru)的热裂解进行了研究.TG-DTA分析结果显示,Ala-Fru的初始裂解温度为147.47℃,600℃时样品质量损失至原重的25%;在350℃,450℃,550℃,650℃,750℃和850℃这6个温度下的Py-GC/MS结果显示,裂解产物的种类和数量随裂解温度的升高而增多,其裂解产物主要为吡嗪类、吡啶类、吡咯类和呋喃类等杂环类化合物以及少量酮类化合物,这些物质是卷烟烟气中重要的香味成分.     

1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热裂解分析研究

采用热重-微分热重技术研究了1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热失重和裂解温度,通过在线热裂解与气质联用技术分别分析研究了无氧和有氧条件下1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖在300℃、600℃、750℃和900℃四个温度的热裂解产物。研究结果表明1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的裂解温度为161.3℃,在700℃时失重达到90.50%。无氧和有氧条件下裂解产物的种类和数量随着裂解温度升高而增多,有氧条件下裂解产物总数稍多于无氧条件,但品种有明显差异。 无氧裂解和有氧裂解产物主要为酮类、吡咯类、吡啶类、呋喃类、吡嗪类、吲哚类以及少量芳香族化合物。有氧热裂解产物的香韵分析结果表明1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖裂解产物具有烘烤香、坚果香、甜香、花香、奶香等香韵。      

1-羧乙基氨基-1-脱氧-D-果糖在氦气中的热解产物分析

采用在线裂解GC/MS技术研究了1-羧乙基氨基-1-脱氧-D-果糖在300、500和800℃下于氦气中的热解产物。结果表明:①温度不同其热解产物亦不同,高温下热解产物较多;②热解产物大部分为杂环类化合物如吡嗪、甲基吡嗪、吡啶、呋喃酮、吡唑、吡咯和吡喃酮等,这些物质都是卷烟烟气中重要的致香成分。     

1-羧乙基氨基-1-脱氧-D-果糖清除活性氧自由基研究

采用化学发光法和分光光度法,以及电子自旋共振法分别研究了1-羧乙基氨基-1-脱氧-D-果糖清除化学体系中HO.(羟自由基)和O2-.(超氧阴离子)及卷烟烟气自由基的作用。结果表明,1-羧乙基氨基-1-脱氧-D-果糖具有清除化学体系和卷烟烟气中自由基的能力。     

1-L-苯丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖热解产物分析

采用热重-差热法测定了1-L-苯丙氨酸-l-脱氧-D-果糖(PDF)的热失重和热裂解温度,在线裂解GC/MS联用技术鉴定了PDF在350,450,550,650,750和850℃下的裂解产物.结果表明,PDF的初始裂解温度为145.91℃,二次裂解温度为170.70℃,500 ℃时裂解物失重约80%;裂解产物主要为芳烃类和杂环化合物类;裂解产物的数量随着裂解温度的升高而增多,尤其是芳香族化合物类.     

The metabolism of 1-(ϵ-N-Lysyl)-1-deoxy-D-fructose by Escherichia coli

A study has been made of the growth curves of Escherichia coli B cultures incubated with glucose in a simple salt solution in the presence and absence of 1-(?-N-lysyl)-1-deoxy-D-fructose (‘fructoselysine’; ‘FL’) in the medium. Some increase in overall growth was observed in the presence of FL under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Heated FL samples caused a depression of growth rate. The bacterium was impermeable to FL but was able to grow on FL supplied as the sole carbon source after an induction period of 8 h (aerobic). The subsequent disappearance of FL was shown to be due to extracellular degradation (rather than cell permeation) by an enzyme that was entirely cell-bound and which, once induced, became a permanent feature of the cell. Studies with FL samples, [U^?14C] labelled in either the lysyl or fructosyl moiety, showed that cleavage of the hexose-lysine C—N bond occurred with the release of lysine which remained unmetabolised in the external medium. Radioactivity derived from the hexose moiety was absorbed by E. coli cells and was metabolised with the appearance of several labelled intracellular compounds and the evolution of ¹⁴CO₂.     

Environmental impact of pyrolysis of mixed WEEE plastics part 1: Experimental pyrolysis data

Growth in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is posing increasing problems of waste management, partly resulting from its plastic content. WEEE plastics include a range of polymers, some of which can be sorted and extracted for recycling. However a nonrecyclable fraction remains containing a mixture of polymers contaminated with other materials, and pyrolysis is a potential means of recovering the energy content of this. In preparation for a life cycle assessment of this option, described in part 2 of this paper set, data were collected from trials using experimental pyrolysis equipment representative of a continuous commercial process operated at 800 °C. The feedstock contained acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and high impact polystyrene with high levels of additives, and dense polymers including polyvinylchloride, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, and polymethyl methacrylate. On average 39% was converted to gases, 36% to oils, and 25% remained as residue. About 35% of the gas was methane and 42% carbon monoxide, plus other hydrocarbons, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The oils were almost all aromatic, forming a similar mixture to fuel oil. The residue was mainly carbon with inorganic compounds from the plastic additives and most of the chlorine from the feedstock. The results showed that the process produced around 70% of the original plastic weight as potential fuel.     

1-1''''联二萘酚的合成与结构表征

报道了作为新一类染料中间体的1-1'联二萘酚的合成,并通过IR和NMR对该化合物的结构进行了全归属,为新型无毒皮革染料的开发研究奠定了一定的基础.     

1-氨基蒽醌的化学合成及结构鉴定

以二氯乙烷为反应介质,采用混酸硝化法制备1-硝基蒽醌.在反应温度40℃,反应时间8h,反应物配比(蒽醌、99％硝酸、98％硫酸、二氯乙烷的物质的量比)为1∶1.2∶1.5∶3的条件下获得纯度为83％的1-硝基蒽醌.经DMF二步纯化,硫化还原得到纯度为98.6％的1-氨基蒽醌,总收率为66％.