0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢表面多弧离子镀TiAlSiN涂层的性能研究北大核心CSCD

采用多弧离子镀技术在0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢表层制备TiAlSiN涂层;采用X射线衍射分析膜层的物相成分;利用显微硬度计检测涂层的硬度;利用扫描电镜观察TiAlSiN涂层的形貌;利用能谱仪对涂层表面的组成及含量采取分析;采用自动划痕仪测定涂层结合力;用高温热处理炉对涂层进行高温抗氧化实验。结果表明:基材经多弧离子镀膜,其表面均匀平整、致密度高,但有一定量的微孔洞和大颗粒。镀有TiAlSiN涂层的试样平均硬度达到1971.4HV0.2。镀有TiAlSiN涂层的试样与原始0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢的相比,其氧化速率远低于原始0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢的,而高温抗氧化性优于原始0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢。划痕实验结果表明:膜基结合力约10N,此次实验涂层与基材的结合力较低。     

15-5PH不锈钢表面多弧离子镀高结合性能TiN膜层研究

多弧离子镀方法在15-5PH不锈钢材料表面制备结合力、硬度和致密性高的TiN涂层,提高材料表面硬度和抗高温氧化性能。分析结果显示过渡层成分、预热温度、工作气压及负偏压等主要参数对膜层性能影响明显。得到Ti为过渡层时,预热250℃,气压3.0Pa,600V偏压镀膜工艺参数最佳,制备的膜基结合力高于60N,表面硬度>1200HV0.05,膜层表面大液滴密度尺寸最低。膜层表面显微硬度、膜层沉积速率和膜基结合力随工作气压升高不同程度地先升高后降低。     

硬质合金表面TiAlZrCr/(Ti,Al,Zr,Cr)N梯度膜的微结构与力学性能

采用多弧离子镀技术,使用Ti-Al-Zr合金靶和Cr单质靶,在wc-8％co硬质合金基体上制备了TiAlZrCr／(Ti,Al,Zr,Cr)N多组元梯度膜.分析了梯度膜的成分、结构和微观组织,并研究了梯度膜的显微硬度和膜／基结合力.研究结果表明,该多组元梯度膜为Bl-NaCl型的TiN面心立方结构;薄膜的成分是以TiAlZrCr合金为过渡层的(Ti,Al,Zr,Cr)N梯度膜;薄膜的组织致密均匀,是典型的柱状晶结构;沉积偏压为-50～-200V时,梯度膜均可获得比(Ti,Al,Zr,Cr)N单层膜更高的硬度(最高值为HV4000)和膜／基结合力(临界载荷大于200 N).     

稀土铈对热作模具钢TiN系离子镀涂层性能的改进

为了解决TiN涂层的膜/基结合力不够高和高温抗氧化性不足等问题,综合利用电弧离子镀和涂层合金化技术,在4Cr5MoV热作模具钢基体上制备了添加稀土元素Ce的TiN系涂层,测定了涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率、耐磨性及膜/基结合力,并做了恒温氧化试验和抗热震性试验,以研究稀土元素Ce对TiN,Ti(Al,V)N涂层的改性作用.试验结果表明,Ce的加入能提高涂层的耐磨性,显著提高涂层的膜/基结合力,使其高温抗氧化性和抗热震性明显改善,可大大提高4Cr5MoV钢涂层热作精密模具的使用寿命和使用效果.     

Al含量对非平衡磁控溅射制备Ti1-xAlxN膜性能的影响

将电弧离子镀和中频非平衡磁控溅射工艺相结合制备了Ti1-xAlxN薄膜。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、划痕仪、摩擦磨损仪等分析检测仪器研究了不同Al含量Ti1-xAlxN薄膜的性能。结果表明：随Al含量增加,沉积速率变大;各种Al含量的膜层中都有Ti1-xAlxN相;当x为51at.%时薄膜有最高的显微硬度2741.8HV,此时摩擦系数达到最低值0.14;Al含量多时膜层Ti1-xAlxN表面粗糙;各种Al含量的膜层与基体的结合力大致相同,临界载荷都在16～20N左右。     

多弧离子镀TiN/TiCrN/CrN多元多层复合膜的制备及性能研究

采用XH-800多弧离子镀设备在硬质合金刀具表面制备TiN/TiCrN/CrN多元多层复合膜.利用XRD、SEM、显微硬度计、多功能材料表面性能测试仪等对其组织结构与性能进行了研究.结果表明:膜层表面均匀,未出现龟裂现象,色泽光亮度好;膜的相结构组成为TiN和Cr2N,随着Cr靶电流的增大,TiN的择优取向由(200)向(111)转变,膜层出现单质Cr;膜层厚度为5.02μm,具有明显多层特征;显微硬度2536 HV;结合力65 N.     

离子束辅助中频反应溅射 (Cr,Ti,Al)N薄膜的研究

为了提高工模具的服役性能,采用中频反应溅射,无灯丝离子源辅助的方法沉积了(Cr,Ti,Al)N多元硬质薄膜.分别用电子能谱、X-射线衍射、显微硬度计、划痕仪和干涉显微镜分析了薄膜的成分、相组成、硬度、膜/基结合力及膜层厚度.结果表明用此法制备的薄膜为含有多相结构的(Cr,Ti,Al)N多元硬质膜,晶粒细小,沉积速率快,显微硬度高达35 GPa,结合强度高度达80 N,综合性能优异.     

0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢表面多弧离子镀TiAlSiN涂层的性能研究

采用多弧离子镀技术在0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢表层制备TiAlSiN涂层;采用X射线衍射分析膜层的物相成分;利用显微硬度计检测涂层的硬度;利用扫描电镜观察TiAlSiN涂层的形貌;利用能谱仪对涂层表面的组成及含量采取分析;采用自动划痕仪测定涂层结合力;用高温热处理炉对涂层进行高温抗氧化实验。结果表明:基材经多弧离子镀膜,其表面均匀平整、致密度高,但有一定量的微孔洞和大颗粒。镀有TiAlSiN涂层的试样平均硬度达到1971.4HV_(0.2)。镀有TiAlSiN涂层的试样与原始0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢的相比,其氧化速率远低于原始0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢的,而高温抗氧化性优于原始0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti钢。划痕实验结果表明:膜基结合力约10N,此次实验涂层与基材的结合力较低。     

0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti不锈钢表面TiN膜层制备

0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti不锈钢基材表面多弧离子镀方法制备TiN硬质涂层.工件表面镀膜处理技术的关键是膜/基结合强度.分析预热温度和工作偏压对膜层的膜/基结合强度、膜层结构及表面硬度的影响,优化制备工艺,满足使用要求.结果显示预热温度和工作偏压对膜/基结合效果影响显著.镀膜处理后,工件表面硬度大于1200HV0.05,膜/基结合力最小临界载荷高于60N.     

中频磁控溅射TiAlN薄膜的制备与性能研究

采用中频非平衡磁控溅射离子镀技术在硬质合金基体YG6上制备TiAlN薄膜。利用XRD、EDS、体式显微镜、显微硬度仪和多功能材料表面性能测试仪等对其组织结构以及性能进行了研究分析。结果表明:低Al靶功率时,膜层以TiN、TiC形式存在,TiN的择优取向面(111),显微硬度与偏压有关;高Al靶功率时,膜层主要存在Ti3AlN、AlN相,Ti3AlN相沿(220)晶面择优取向;膜层结构致密均匀,N原子与金属原子比接近1:1;膜层厚度为1.93μm;显微硬度3145HV;结合力85N。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.