100kN·m静重式扭矩标准装置

介绍了中国计量科学研究院研制的100kN·m静重式扭矩标准装置。该装置采用高精度大承载的刀口支承机构,力臂采用单梁结构并配置了力臂限位保护机构,砝码加载系统采用内外圈砝码组和升降机构结合的结构形式,实现了1kN·m～100kN·m范围大扭矩量值的复现。理论分析和性能验证试验表明:100kN·m扭矩装置在1kN·m～100kN·m范围内的重复性优于5×10^-5,相对扩展不确定度优于1×10^-4(k=3)。     

基于空气轴承支撑技术的高准确度大扭矩标准装置研究

介绍了新研制的基于空气轴承支撑技术的20 kN·m高准确度扭矩标准装置的工作原理、机械结构、性能试验,评定了该装置的不确定度.该标准装置采用静压空气轴承作为力臂杠杆的支撑部件,力臂系统采用了多部件框架结构,力臂材料采用了低热膨胀系数的因瓦合金材料,砝码加载系统采用了多个砝码组、旋转托盘和升降机构结合的方式,实现了不同量...     

声学法砝码体积测量系统的研究

利用声学原理,设计了一套声学法砝码体积测量系统,以满足高精度砝码体积的测量需求。实际测量实验中,通过系统对10～100g的砝码进行了体积测量,测量结果同液体静力法相比,相对误差低于8.3×10^-4;系统的相对扩展不确定度小于4.3×10^-4。     

浅议减小扭矩基标准装置不确定度的方法

传统扭矩标准装置大都为杠杆砝码式加荷原理,即在一定臂长的杠杆上,加挂一定数量的砝码形成标准扭矩值,这种加载方式在加载扭矩过程中,力臂杠杆的旋转支承机构的摩擦力将产生附加的摩擦力矩,带来较大的不确定度分量。目前国内外大多数研究机构在小扭矩的加载装置中采取空气轴承的方式来减少这一不确定度分量。但施加的扭矩越大,支撑轴承的摩擦力产生的摩擦力矩越大。因此本文就此问题提出采取力偶方式施加大扭矩,将大大减小附加摩擦力矩。     

1mN·m～1N·m扭矩国家基准装置的建立

介绍了项目"1mN·m～1N·m扭矩国家基准装置的建立"的立项背景、基本情况和项目取得的成果及主要创新。该项目采用了多项自主研发的关键技术,成功研制了国内首台基于空气轴承支撑技术的全自动高准确度微小扭矩标准装置,该装置复现的扭矩值范围为1mN·m～1N·m,扭矩值不确定度(k=2)在100mN·m～1N·m范围内小于5×10~(-5);在5mN·m～100mN·m范围内小于1×10~(-4);在1mN·m～5mN·m内小于5×10~(-4)。     

1000V多盘感应分压器标准建立

中国计量科学研究院研制了一台1000V多盘感应分压器标准装置,用作工频1000V电压比例标准。该装置使用了一种基于互感器注入的误差补偿技术,可准确提供从1×10^-8到1的宽范围比例出。感应分压器的误差校验使用了包含三同轴屏蔽技术的改进型参考电势增量法,并设计了多比例参考互感器以便对感应分压器进行整体校验。所研制的感应分压器准确度优于1×10^-7,校准结果不确定度小于2×10^-8。     

检定介质制备与静力称重法容量测量不确定度研究

采用微滤反渗透电去离子法制备超纯水代替自来水做为容量计量的检定介质。测量水的氢氧同位素丰度、温度梯度和大气环境参数,进行纯水密度计算的同位素丰度、压缩修正及溶解空气修正。水样检测结果表明,所制水符合GB/T 11446.1 EW-I水标准。水密度测量的标准不确定度减小到7×10^-3kg/m3,容量基准的容量测量不确定度Urel小于3×10^-5（k=3）。     

基于电压串联加法的1000kV国家工频电压计量标准

国家高电压计量站使用了特殊设计的准确度达0.01级的1000kV串联式标准电压互感器成功地进行了1000kV工频电压加法试验,比值差和相位差测量不确定度均小于等于2×10^-5和0.06′。所得量值与800kV电容式工频电压比例标准装置测量结果比对,比值差的最大偏差为2.7×10^-5,相位差的最大偏差为0.11′,均没有超出双方的90%置信概率区间。     

光腔衰荡光谱法测定气体中微痕量水不确定度评估

介绍了基于光腔衰荡光谱法测定气体中的微量水的方法原理,该方法适用于含量为0.2×10^-9～20×10^-6 mol/mol的所有气体中水分的测定。建立了光谱分析法的原始数学模型,对测定方法的不确定度进行了评估,结果表明该方法的扩展不确定度为（8～20）×10^-9 mol/mol（k=2,p=95%）。     

数学摆台法的超低频加速度校准

建立了基于数学摆台法的超低频加速度校准装置,解决了线振动台超低频加速度信噪比低的问题,对相关校准具有参考价值和借鉴作用。根据低频噪声理论,在建立激光测振仪的功率谱密度模型基础上,提出了位移噪声的定量评价方法,通过实验验证了所提方法的正确性。对数学摆台的虚拟摆臂、激励传递系数进行了实验测量,对校准装置的测量不确定度进行了评定。该装置实现了加速度计在频率范围0.001～0.1Hz、加速度范围5×10^-7 ～1×10^-2m/s² 的绝对法校准。     

电子束重熔对机械合金化法制备TiC/Ti复合涂层组织及摩擦性能的影响

对机械合金化（MA）法制备的TiC/Ti复合涂层进行电子束重熔处理,分析了经过不同电子束扫描速度的重熔工艺后TiC/Ti复合涂层组织和耐磨性能的变化规律。结果表明,当扫描速度为5~15 mm/s时,重熔处理消除了MA法制备的TiC/Ti复合涂层中的孔隙和裂纹,使其硬度与耐磨性能显著提高;但扫描速度过快（20 mm/s）时,TiC/Ti复合涂层内部出现重熔导致的孔洞缺陷。随着扫描速度由5 mm/s增加至15 mm/s,重熔后TiC/Ti复合涂层中的TiC相由粗大树枝状晶体逐渐转变为弥散分布的短棒和颗粒状晶体,弥散强化作用和固溶强化作用逐渐增强,TiC/Ti复合涂层的硬度由重熔前HV 554逐渐提高至HV 783,磨损速率由5.93×10-4 mm3（N·m）-1逐渐下降至1.75×10-4 mm3（N·m）-1,扫描速度为15 mm/s重熔后TiC/Ti复合涂层的性能最佳。      

中国一级标准海水不确定度分析研究

中国一级标准海水作为有证标准物质,不确定度是其一项重要的质量参考指标。参考了国际标准海水(IAPSO SSW)不确定度的分析方法,引入GB/T 15000.3《标准样品工作导则(3)—标准样品定值的一般原则和统计方法》等标准中相关的统计方法,对定值不确定度、均匀性不确定度、长期稳定性不确定度3个分量进行了逐一分析。以P1批次一级标准海水的数据为例,计算得出以上分量的电导率比不确定度分别为5.00×10^-6、5.05×10^-6、4.50×10^-6,合成标准不确定度为8.42×10^-6,扩展不确定度为1.7×10^-5。依据不确定度传播规律,计算得出盐度扩展不确定度为6.6×10^-4(或0.001)。     

钛酸钾晶须-玻璃纤维/苯并噁嗪混杂复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用六钛酸钾晶须（K₂O·6TiO₂）对苯并噁嗪（BOZ）树脂及玻璃纤维/苯并噁嗪（GF/BOZ）复合材料的摩擦磨损性能进行改性,分析了K₂O·6TiO₂/BOZ复合材料以及K₂O·6TiO₂-GF/BOZ混杂复合材料的摩擦磨损性能以及改性机理。结果表明:因K₂O·6TiO₂的加入,K₂O·6TiO₂/BOZ复合材料以及K₂O·6TiO₂-GF/BOZ混杂复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率较纯BOZ树脂和GF/BOZ复合材料的明显降低。K₂O·6TiO₂显著减轻了BOZ树脂和GF/BOZ复合材料的摩擦粘着状况,使摩擦系数降低,同时磨粒磨损情况也大为减轻。GF/BOZ复合材料在摩擦过程中摩擦应力通过率先破坏GF和BOZ树脂的界面,进而诱发破坏GF束内、GF束间和层间BOZ树脂,使得GF/BOZ复合材料的摩擦系数比BOZ树脂降低,但比磨损率较BOZ树脂升高,而K₂O·6TiO₂的加入,使K₂O·6TiO₂-GF/BOZ混杂复合材料的比磨损率有效降低。BOZ树脂、GF/BOZ、K₂O·6TiO₂-GF/BOZ 3种材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率分别为0.34和0.66×10-6 mm3·（N·m）-1,0.19和1.2×10-6 mm3·（N·m）-1,0.09和0.69×10-6 mm3·（N·m）-1。      

Direct comparison of two independent Josephson voltage standards at1 V and precision measurements up to 10 V

Two Josephson voltage standards have been compared using a room-temperature electronic nanovoltmeter with a peak-to-peak noise of about 2 nV at the 1-V level corresponding to a RMS uncertainty of 4×10^-10. The excellent stability in maintaining the desired voltage steps makes it possible to obtain recorder traces comparing Nb/Al₂O₃/Nb Josephson standards with Weston cells and Zener reference standards at 1 V and 10 V. At 10 V the best result shows a peak-to-peak noise of 250 nV corresponding to a RMS uncertainty of 5×10^-9 for a Zener reference and 50 nV corresponding to 1×10^-9 for a series connection of nine Weston cells. As an example for the application of the Josephson standard as a potentiometer the deviation in the linearity of a digital voltmeter is confirmed to be on the order of 0.1 p.p.m. in the range from -10 V to +10 V     

Determination of the tesla-to-ampere ratio for the KRISS/VNIIMγ'P-experiment

Tesla-to-ampere ratio giving the largest error in the γ'_P-low-field-experiment has been determined using a modified noncontacting method. The total uncertainty of 0.164×10 ^-6 has been attained. The constant of a solenoid and the γ'_P-value have been corrected for magnetic susceptibility of air. The result is γ'_P=2.675 154 18×10⁸ s^-1 T^-1 (Tesla BI-90) with the total uncertainty of 0.18×10^-6     

A precise measurement of QHR at NIM [quantized Hall resistance]

Equipment for precise measurement of the quantized Hall resistance (QHR) at the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), Beijing, China, is described. The essential parts in this equipment are a resistance comparator of one-to-one ratio with a comparison uncertainty of 3×10^-8 and two specially designed resistor networks used for determining of the ratio between 12906.4035 Ω of QHR at i=2 and 10 kΩ or 1 kΩ. The transfer procedure from QHR to 10 kΩ or 1 kΩ can be completed easily with this equipment by a few one-to-one comparisons with a total uncertainty of 5×10^-8     

An automated guarded bridge system for the comparison of 10kΩ standard resistors

An automated guarded resistance bridge has been specifically developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the calibration of high-quality 10 kΩ standard resistors. The system is designed to compare up to 30 nominally equal, four-terminal resistors with a resolution and combined relative standard uncertainty of 0.01×10^-6 and 0.02×10^-6, respectively. It features a self-balancing detector circuit, and a programmable coaxial connector switch for selecting resistors. With a few minor modifications, the system is capable of comparing other nominally equal resistors in the range 100 Ω to 1 MΩ     

A 100000-A high precision on-site measurement calibration devicefor heavy direct current

A 100000-A, high precision device of the magnetic modulation current comparator type, which can be used in industrial heavy direct current systems for online calibration and measurement, is presented. Testing of the comparator indicates that its current ratio accuracy is 5×10^-5, and that measurements of voltage with a standard resistor achieve an accuracy of 5×10^-4. These are slightly degraded to 3×10^-4 for on-site calibration and 1×10^-3 for on-site measurement. The device, which has a toroidal configuration, can be opened for each installation on a busbar, with a variation in accuracy of less than 2×10^-5. Its magnetic shielding renders it insensitive to magnetic fields up to 1×10^-2 Tea. Its accuracy is better by a factor of two than that of similar industrial measuring devices. The principle of operation and the characteristics of the comparator, the double shielded design, and an analysis of its errors are discussed