1-L-亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖和1-L-异亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热裂解分析

采用热重-差热法对1-L-亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖（Ⅰ）和1-L-异亮氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖（Ⅱ）的热失重和热裂解温度进行了研究,通过在线裂解GC-MS联用技术分别对（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）在350℃、450℃、550℃、650℃、750℃和850℃条件下的裂解产物进行了鉴定。研究结果表明2种Amadori化合物的的热失重曲线相似,（Ⅰ）的裂解温度为144.67℃,（Ⅱ）的裂解温度为164.26℃,600℃时（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）失重约80%;二者裂解产物主要为吡嗪类、吡啶类、吡咯类、喹啉类和呋喃类等杂环化合物,芳香族化合物以及醛类和酮类,其中以吡嗪类为主;裂解产物的数量随着裂解温度的升高而增多,（Ⅰ）的裂解产物数量与（Ⅱ）的裂解产物数量相当。对（Ⅰ）和（Ⅱ）的主要裂解产物形成途径进行了初步探讨,可为研究其在卷烟燃烧过程中的转化行为提供参考。      

Thiomethylstilbenes as inhibitors of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 activities

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural stilbene derivative occurring in grapes, peanuts and red wine. Its chemopreventive action has been established in studies on animal models. Recently, numerous classes of compounds with stilbene backbone have been investigated for their biological activity concerning cancer prevention; e. g. resveratrol methyl ethers appeared to be specific and potent inhibitors of cytochromes P450 (CYP) family 1 involved in the activation of procarcinogens. Since the replacement of the 4'-hydroxyl with a thiomethyl group is supposed to reduce toxicity of stilbene derivatives, the purpose of this study was the synthesis and evaluation of a series of 4-thiomethyl-trans-stilbene derivatives differing in a number and position of additional methoxy groups. Their inhibitory potency toward human recombinant CYPs: CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 have been studied and compared with the effect of resveratrol and its analogues. Among compounds tested, 2-methoxy-4'-thiomethyl-trans-stilbene and 3-methoxy-4'-thiomethyl-trans-stilbene demonstrated the most potent and selective inhibitory effect on CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 activities. The results of our study indicate that modification of stilbene derivatives with thiomethyl group may influence the selectivity and inhibitory potency of these compounds toward P450 isozymes. Thus, it should be considered in developing new chemopreventive agents based on their mechanism of action.     

甲型H1N1流感概述

"甲型H1N1流感"最初被称为"猪流感",它几乎一夜之间,席卷美国和墨西哥,并引发整个美洲乃至全球的担忧.     

"1+1＞2"

欧盟在2004年10月29日批准欧洲资金伙伴公司(CVC)收购巴斯夫印刷系统公司与阿诺依印刷油墨公司的申请.     

1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热裂解分析研究

采用热重-微分热重技术研究了1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热失重和裂解温度,通过在线热裂解与气质联用技术分别分析研究了无氧和有氧条件下1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖在300℃、600℃、750℃和900℃四个温度的热裂解产物。研究结果表明1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的裂解温度为161.3℃,在700℃时失重达到90.50%。无氧和有氧条件下裂解产物的种类和数量随着裂解温度升高而增多,有氧条件下裂解产物总数稍多于无氧条件,但品种有明显差异。 无氧裂解和有氧裂解产物主要为酮类、吡咯类、吡啶类、呋喃类、吡嗪类、吲哚类以及少量芳香族化合物。有氧热裂解产物的香韵分析结果表明1-L-谷氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖裂解产物具有烘烤香、坚果香、甜香、花香、奶香等香韵。      

1-L-丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的热裂解分析

采用热重/差热(TG-DTA)和在线裂解气相色谱/质谱联用(Py-GC/MS)分析技术对1-L-丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖(Ala-Fru)的热裂解进行了研究.TG-DTA分析结果显示,Ala-Fru的初始裂解温度为147.47℃,600℃时样品质量损失至原重的25%;在350℃,450℃,550℃,650℃,750℃和850℃这6个温度下的Py-GC/MS结果显示,裂解产物的种类和数量随裂解温度的升高而增多,其裂解产物主要为吡嗪类、吡啶类、吡咯类和呋喃类等杂环类化合物以及少量酮类化合物,这些物质是卷烟烟气中重要的香味成分.     

黄骅市冬枣和果园土壤中重金属元素分析与膳食暴露风险评估

目的 为了给冬枣的种植生产、流通监管和风险预警提供科学依据,保障其质量安全,参照风险评估模型对黄骅冬枣中的重金属元素对人体健康危害的风险进行评估。方法 采集黄骅市的冬枣产区27个果园的冬枣样品和对应的果园土壤样品,采用电感耦合等离子质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)和直接测汞仪对其中的Cr、Cu、Cd、As、Pb和Hg进行测定。根据美国环境保护局（the United States Environmental Protection Agency, USEPA）推荐健康风险模型评价法,对冬枣中的Cr、Cu、Cd、As、Pb的健康风险进行定量评估。结果 所采集样品的果园土壤中Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Hg和As含量均低于GB15618-2018中规定的“农用地土壤污染风险筛选值”;不同果园的冬枣中As、Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Hg的检出率分别为100%、88.9%、96.3%、96.3%、100%、3.7%;6种元素的THQ<1（目标危害系数法,target hazard quotient）,TTHQ<1（累积目标危害系数,total target hazard quotient）,说明膳食暴露风险均可接受;Pb在土壤和冬枣的样品中呈显著正相关性,其他元素在两者间均没有明显的相关性。冬枣样品中重金属元素As和Cr可能来源于外部投入品。结论 黄骅冬枣的重金属元素的膳食摄入风险处于安全水平,消费者可放心食用。外部投入品可能是冬枣重金属污染的来源之一,应引起密切关注。     

1-L-苯丙氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖热解产物分析

采用热重-差热法测定了1-L-苯丙氨酸-l-脱氧-D-果糖(PDF)的热失重和热裂解温度,在线裂解GC/MS联用技术鉴定了PDF在350,450,550,650,750和850℃下的裂解产物.结果表明,PDF的初始裂解温度为145.91℃,二次裂解温度为170.70℃,500 ℃时裂解物失重约80%;裂解产物主要为芳烃类和杂环化合物类;裂解产物的数量随着裂解温度的升高而增多,尤其是芳香族化合物类.     

Inhibition of human recombinant cytochromes P450 CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 by trans-resveratrol methyl ethers

CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are the inducible forms of cytochrome P450 expressed in extrahepatic tissues, which are responsible for the biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines and estradiol to the carcinogenic intermediates. The aim of our research was to determine and compare the inhibitory effect of naturally occurring analogues of trans-resveratrol on the catalytic activities of human recombinant CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Pinostilbene (3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxystilbene), desoxyrhapontigenin (3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene), and pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene) appeared to be very potent inhibitors of CYP1A1 catalytic activity with Ki values of 0.13, 0.16 and 0.57 microM, respectively. Results from this study indicate that trans-resveratrol analogues in which the hydroxy groups are substituted by methoxy groups exhibit a remarkably stronger inhibitory effect towards CYP1A1 in comparison to the parent compound. On the contrary, the potency of pinostilbene, desoxyrhapontigenin and pterostilbene towards CYP1B1 with Ki values of 0.90, 2.06 and 0.91 microM, respectively, was comparable to that of resveratrol. It appears that between these analogues, inhibition of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 catalytic activities does not vary much regardless of the number and position of methylether substitution. The results suggest that the trans-resveratrol analogues: pinostilbene, desoxyrhapontigenin and pterostilbene, which occur in some food plants, might be considered as promising chemopreventive agents.     

Characterization of the sec1-1 and sec1-11 mutations.

Sec1 proteins are implicated in positive and negative regulation of SNARE complex formation. To better understand the function of Sec1 proteins we have identified the nature of the temperature-sensitive mutations in sec1-1 and sec1-11. The sec1-1 mutation changes a conserved glycine(443) to glutamic acid. The sec1-11 mutation changes a highly conserved arginine(432) to proline. Based on homology and the crystal structure of the mammalian nSec1p, the corresponding amino acids localize to the 3b domain of nSec1p. Compared to the wild-type Sec1p the mutant proteins are less abundant even at the permissive temperature. Thus, the R432P and G443E mutations may cause structural alterations that affect folding and make the mutant proteins more susceptible to degradation. The remaining part is sufficient for growth and protein secretion at 24 degrees C and thus is likely to be properly folded. At 37 degrees C the mutant proteins become non-functional. In pulse-chase-type experiments the newly synthesized Sec1-1 and Sec1-11 proteins decayed similarly with the wild-type protein. Thus, the non-functionality of the mutant proteins cannot be explained by denaturation-induced degradation only. It is possible that the newly synthesized mutant proteins fold slowly and are susceptible to degradation before they have managed to fold and associate with other proteins. The mutant proteins were unable to interact with the Sec1p-interacting proteins Mso1p and Sso2p in the two-hybrid assay, even at the permissive temperature. These results localize sec1-1 and sec1-11 mutations to a domain of Sec1p and suggest a mechanism by which sec1-1 and sec1-11 cells become temperature-sensitive.     

1-L-色氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的合成及其热裂解

为探索以D-甘露糖与氨基酸的美拉德反应制备Amadori化合物的可行性问题,以D-甘露糖和L-色氨酸为原料合成了1-L-色氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖,利用IR、NMR和HR-MS对产物进行了结构表征,采用单因素试验和正交试验优化了合成工艺,利用在线裂解气相色谱/质谱联用（Py-GC/MS）法研究了产物的热裂解行为。结果表明:①最佳合成条件为:当L-色氨酸投料量为30 mmol时,反应温度65℃、反应时间6.0 h、物料比1:1（D-甘露糖与L-色氨酸的物质的量比）、催化剂用量0.5 mmol及溶剂用量80 mL,此条件下产率达到45.2%;②无论有氧或无氧条件下裂解,产物种类均随温度升高而增加,有氧条件裂解产物种类多于无氧条件;在600℃有氧条件下,1-L-色氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖裂解生成具有花香、烘烤香、坚果香、焦糖香等香韵的产物;③以D-甘露糖和L-色氨酸为原料合成1-L-色氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖的技术方法可行,产品收率较高。      

1-L-脯氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖纯化研究

采用沉淀法、纳滤法和离子交换树脂法对1-L-脯氨酸-1-脱氧-D-果糖(1-L-proline-1-deoxy-D-fructose,PDF)进行分离纯化,并对该3种方法得到的PDF的纯度进行比较.结果表明:①溶剂沉淀法得到的PDF的纯度较低(35％～62％);②纳滤法得到的PDF的纯度可达75％以上;③强阴离子交换树脂可以高效分离纯化PDF,纯度达90％以上,而弱阴离子交换树脂的纯化效果不理想.说明强阴离子交换树脂是分离纯化PDF的最佳方法.