新溶剂法氯化橡胶生产工艺评价

介绍了非四氯化碳溶剂法氯化橡胶牛产工艺,总结了使用不同溶剂的生产工艺特点,对新溶剂法生产的氯化橡胶的应用性能进行比对,提出新溶剂法氯化橡胶生产工艺是氯化橡胶生产的发展方向.     

水相法氯化橡胶的性能试验

通过选用3种黏度相近的氯化橡胶产品：CR-2水相法氯化橡胶、KL-10国产溶剂法氯化橡胶及GW—10进口溶剂法氯化橡胶，进行对比试验，检测了3种产品的常规性能，分析了红外光谱，并分别进行了配漆试验。结果表明：水相法氯化橡胶的质量指标达到了溶剂型氯化橡胶产品的质量指标，热稳定性优于国产溶剂型氯化橡胶产品，与进口产品性能相当；配制成涂料的各项性能符合船舶漆产品的技术要求，稳定性与溶剂型产品相当。     

水相法氯化橡胶在涂料中的应用试验

介绍了水相法氯化橡胶涂料配套体系参考配方及制备工艺,从溶解性、制漆后漆样贮存稳定性、漆膜耐介质性等方面比较了水相法与溶剂法氯化橡胶的差别,表明水相法氯化橡胶应用于涂料中能达到较好的使用要求。     

氯化橡胶涂料在重防腐涂装中的应用

氯化橡胶涂料属于重防腐涂料。在C4严重腐蚀大气环境条件下,氯化橡胶配套涂层有5~15 a的使用寿命,性价比高。介绍了氯化橡胶涂料的优缺点,在生产及应用中存在的问题以及改性方法。建议采用水相法、非四氯化碳溶剂法生产氯化橡胶树脂,发展高固含量氯化橡胶涂料,并扩大氯化橡胶涂料在船舶制造、非标集装箱、水利电力、化工和航标制造等行业的应用。     

氯醚树脂可替代氯化橡胶

氯化橡胶可用作橡胶型胶粘剂的增强剂，除了能够提高粘接强度，还具有良好的耐腐蚀性能和阻燃性能，但溶剂法生产氯化橡胶所用的四氯化碳，属破坏大气臭氧层物质，根据蒙特利尔协议，我国将于2009年全面禁止生产溶剂法氯化橡胶。虽然已开发了水相悬浮法、非四氯化碳法生产技术，然而却未能形成规模化生产。与此同时，国内外都在大力开发氯化橡胶的替代品，江阴汇通精细化工有限公司开发成功氯醚树脂，可成功替代氯化橡胶，已形成2500t／a的生产能力。氯醚树脂与氯化橡胶相比，具有高柔软性、高耐热性、高抗紫外光性能、高耐碱性、耐老化性、不合四氯化碳等优点。产品性能与德国巴斯夫公司MP氯醚树脂系列性能相近。     

市场急需氯化天然橡胶

氯化天然橡胶 (简称氯化橡胶 )因其生产过程中耗氯量较大 ,产品附加值高 ,备受国内外氯碱行业的关注。氯化橡胶生产方法有 4种 :即固相法、乳液法、溶剂法和水相悬浮法 ,其中以日本厂家为代表的水相氯化技术和德国拜耳公司的溶剂交换技术为主要生产方法。国内绝大多数厂家采用四氯化碳溶剂法生产氯化橡胶 (但该法在发达国家已纷纷淘汰 ) ,只有安徽省化工研究院开发了年产 50 0吨的水相法技术 :在天然胶乳中加盐酸 ,达到一定的 p H值后 ,通氯气氯化 ,然后加助剂进行后处理 ,再经脱酸、中和、分离、干燥后得到成品。我国氯化橡胶年总生产能力…     

氯醚树脂成氯化橡胶替代品

根据蒙特利尔协议，我国将于2009年全面禁止生产溶剂法氯化橡胶，目前溶剂法氯化橡胶已有了理想的替代品。由江阴汇通精细化工有限公司经过3年多努力开发成功的氯醚树脂有望替代氯化橡胶，应用于重防腐涂料领域。     

氯化橡胶产需形势分析

氯化橡胶是一种重要的成膜材料,由于具有优良的成膜性、粘附性、快干性、耐腐蚀性与阻燃性,广泛应用于制造船舶漆、集装箱漆、化工防腐漆、防火漆等,同时氯化橡胶还可作为粘合剂的生产原料。生产概况氯化橡胶是天然橡胶的氯化产物,是工业上重要的橡胶衍生物。氯化橡胶工业化生产方法主要有乳液法、溶剂法和水相法,国外多采用水相法,我国现多采用溶剂法。目前世界主要生产氯化橡胶的公司有：英国ICI公司、德国拜耳公司、意大利CAFFARO公司、美国HERCULES公司、日本旭电化公司等。1995年发达国家执行《蒙特利尔协议》后,许多四…     

氯化橡胶涂料市场前景分析

氯化橡胶涂料的主料是氯化橡胶树脂。根据修订后的"蒙特利尔协定书"规定,发达国家从1995年起开始关闭以四氯化碳生产氯化橡胶装置。然而,氯化橡胶涂料在我国具有旺盛的市场,氯化橡胶涂料对氯化橡胶的市场需求量为2.0万~2.5万t/a。氯化橡胶在市场上供不应求。建议我国应大力开发水相悬浮法生产技术,提高我国船舶涂料、集装箱涂料、路标涂料的整体水平。     

溶剂法氯化橡胶的相关替代品在防腐涂料中的应用研究

对氯醚树脂、水相法高氯化聚乙烯树脂和四氯化碳法氯化橡胶进行性能检测。设计涂料配方并对其涂料性能进行对比测试,笔者认为氯醚树脂完全可以替代目前四氯化碳法氯化橡胶在防腐涂料中的应用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。