涂装前处理冷轧板磷化膜白点缺陷研究

研究一次涂装前处理冷轧板上的磷化膜“白点”缺陷,通过对工序进行排查、设计验证试验,应用扫描电镜、扫描电镜能谱仪等对“白点”问题进行分析。研究发现：冷轧板上的磷化膜“白点”部位几乎无磷化膜附着,金属光泽的基材与周围银灰色的磷化膜形成颜色反差,表现为“白点”。其根本原因是由于车身经过水洗后冷轧板表面发生锈蚀,附着在板材表面的氧化铁在磷化槽内先被酸解,延迟了磷化反应上膜时间,导致锈蚀区几乎无磷化膜覆盖。通过对预水洗添加一定量的脱脂剂,成功解决了车身冷轧板上的磷化膜“白点”缺陷。     

浅析涂装车间前处理车身锈蚀

主要探讨了前处理车身锈蚀问题,其中对前处理工艺流程和车身锈蚀类型进行了简要介绍,同时结合现场经验,从白车身、预擦洗、洪流、预脱脂及脱脂、脱脂后水洗、表调、磷化、磷化后水洗8个方面详细分析了车身锈蚀产生的原因和相应处理措施。     

钢铁零件磷化故障处理

介绍了钢铁零件磷化生产中的质量故障,包括磷化膜结晶粗大,磷化膜难以生成,膜层呈现白色挂灰,膜层发花,易生锈,表面发红等.分析了其产生的原因,并提出相应的解决措施,指出了操作中的注意事项.     

电解磷化工艺对锌系磷化膜耐蚀性影响的研究

为提高碳钢的耐蚀性与冷加工性能,采用电解磷化法制备了锌系电解磷化膜,通过盐雾试验、Tafel曲线及交流阻抗等方法研究了电解磷化工艺对锌系电解磷化膜耐蚀性的影响,并通过X-射线衍射仪分析了电解磷化膜的成分。结果表明,磷化膜成分为Zn_3(PO_4)_2、Fe_3(PO_4)_2,在Jκ为45 A/dm~2,磷化t为10 s,θ为60℃的条件下,电解磷化膜盐雾试验35 h不锈蚀。     

锌锰系电解磷化膜工艺的研究

在锌锰系电解磷化液中,采用外加电流的方法对工件进行磷化处理,研究了电解磷化工艺对磷化膜性能的影响规律,通过硫酸铜点滴和盐雾试验,电化学方法及扫描电子显微镜和X-射线衍射仪等对电解磷化膜耐蚀性能、微观形貌和膜层成分进行了研究。结果表明,经过电解磷化后,可得到结晶致密的针形结构的电解磷化膜,膜层主要由Mn2Zn(PO4)2、Fe3(PO4)2和MnHPO4.3H2O等成分组成,电解磷化膜经过24 h中性盐雾试验无锈蚀。     

磷化沉渣形成的原因分析及预防

详细分析了磷化沉渣形成的原因及危害,指出大量的磷化沉渣对磷化产生不利影响。磷化沉渣形成的主要原因是磷化液配比不合理、工作负荷偏大、工作温度偏高、促进剂偏高和Fe2+浓度偏高等。通过控制磷化液中的Fe2+的浓度可以有效减少沉渣的生成。严格按照工艺参数操作可以有效防止磷化沉渣的生成。     

车身磷化膜发黄、发蓝的原因探讨

磷化是汽车前处理的一个关键工序,磷化膜的质量对车身电泳漆膜的质量影响较大。根据现场积累的经验,探讨了生产中磷化膜常见的发蓝、发黄缺陷的产生原因及解决方法。     

磷化工作液的快速化学分析

在金属表面涂覆中,磷化处理是喷涂施工关键的一环,它可将带有油污、锈蚀的工件经过化学方法处理除净,生成一层磷化膜,喷涂后能与漆膜牢固的结合,提高其附着力。然而,磷化膜的质量又要靠严格的工艺指标来控制,要以准确、快速的化学分析数据来指导现场生产,本文专以目前国内常用的磷化工作液中起决定因素的项目,介绍其快速测定的化学分析法。     

常温磷化擦涂工艺研究

通过实验得出了新的磷化配方和工艺,具有常温操作,省时省力,一液多用的特点。研究了不同温度、不同时间以及擦涂遍数对膜厚度的影响。此磷化液免去了除油、除锈、钝化等工艺,省去了磷化槽等设备,不产生酸雾。钝化膜均匀细致,耐蚀性好。为磷化工艺开辟一条新的途径。     

发夹浸磷磷化工艺

介绍了一室多用发夹浸磷磷化工艺。介绍了磷化液的组成、操作条件及工艺流程。阐述了其成膜机理，总结了磷化过程中常见的故障，分析其原因，并提出了解决方法，本工艺操作简单、磷化速度快，磷化膜结晶细致、耐蚀性好、与涂层结合力强。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.