聚丙烯熔融接枝马来酸酐的研究

研究了聚丙烯熔融接枝顺丁烯二酸酐（ＭＡＨ）过程中ＭＡＨ的均聚、支化和过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）分解速率等问题，用同向双螺杆挤出机，在固定螺杆转速下。考察了ＭＡＨ、ＤＣＰ加入量和挤出温度对接枝聚合物中游离酸酐含量、接枝率及ＭＦＲ的影响，并初步研究了游离酸酐对反应性共混物ＲＰＳ／ＰＰ－ｇ－ＭＡＨ拉伸性能的影响。     

PE/PP共混物熔融接枝马来酸酐的研究

研究了聚乙烯(PE)和聚丙烯(PP)共混物接枝马来酸酐(MAH)时，引发剂(DCP)、接枝单体(MAH)和PP用量对接枝率的影响。结果表明，DCP与MAH的交互作用是影响接枝率的重要因素，在低DCP、MAH用量时，它们之间的交互作用并不明显，当用量均提高至一定程度后，且DCP用量为MAH用量的10％时，产物的接枝效率最高。在体系中加入适当粘度和结构的PP，可以获得接枝率变化不大，而熔体质量流动速率明显增大的接枝物。     

聚丙烯熔融挤出接枝马来酸酐的研究

研究了通过双螺杆挤出机聚丙烯熔融挤出接枝马来酸酐制马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP—g—MAH）的工艺，包括单体马来酸酐（MAH）、引发剂DCP的用量及熔融反应温度和时间对聚丙烯（PP）熔融接枝MAH的接枝率的影响。结果表明：DCP、MAH的用量对PP—g—MAH接枝率影响比较明显，其最佳配比为DCP0．15份、MAH2份；最佳工艺条件为挤出螺杆转速40r／min，反应温度195-200℃。     

加入助剂的马来酸酐熔融接枝聚丙烯研究

用双螺杆挤出机研究了马来酸酐 (MAH)对聚丙烯 (PP)的自由基熔融接枝。采用正交试验优化了熔融接枝条件 ,系统研究了引发剂过氧化二异丙苯 (DCP)、单体MAH、助剂ABX用量对马来酸酐接枝率的影响 ,并对其影响因素作了分析。研究表明ABX助剂能降低PP降解 ,同时也提高了马来酸酐的接枝率。确定了较佳的原料配比为m(PP)∶m(MAH)∶m(DCP)∶m(ABX)=1 0 0∶4∶0 4∶0 35。     

马来酸酐熔融接枝PP的制备及性能研究

系统地研究了马来酸酐（ＭＨＡ）熔融接枝ＰＰ的制备工艺，详细探讨了各因素对接枝反庆的影响。实验结果表明：较佳的配为ＭＡＨ６－１０份（以１００质量份树脂为基准，下同），过氧化二异丙苯（ＤＣＰ）０．６－０．８份，三异氰尿酸三烯丙酯（ＴＡＩＣ）２－３份；较佳的反庆条件为１９０℃下５－８ｍｉｎ，控制不同的条件，则可制得具有不同接枝率的产物；双螺杆挤出机比双辊开炼机有更好的接枝效果，特别重要的是，ＴＡＩＣ能明     

马来酸酐熔融接枝聚丙烯的研究

在双螺杆挤出机上研制马来酸酐（MAH）接枝的聚丙烯（PP）。主要讨论了聚丙烯（PP）与马来酸酐（MAH）在熔融挤出反应中,引发剂DCP、MAH的用量以及反应温度、物料的停留时间对接枝物的影响。     

苯乙烯存在下马来酸酐熔融接枝聚丙烯的研究

分别在哈克流变仪（Haake）和双螺杆挤出机（TSE）中,研究了苯乙烯（St）存在下马来酸酐（MAH）熔融接枝聚丙烯（PP）的过程。讨论了过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）用量、St用量、MAH用量、反应时间、反应温度、螺杆转速以及反应器型式对接枝反应的影响．实验发现：随DCP用量的增加,MAH的接枝率先增加后减小,熔体流动速率（MFR）一直增加;保持MAH用量不变增加St用量时,MAH的接枝率在MAH与St的摩尔比为1：1时达到最大,MFR却一直减小;保持St用量不变增加MAH用量,MAH的接枝率先增加后略有减小,MFR却存在极大值;随反应时间的增加,MAH的接枝率与MFR都先增加后减小;温度过高,MAH的接枝率降低,PP热降解较严重;螺杆转速较低时,MAH的接枝率较低,螺杆转速较高时,PP降解增加;在TSE中的MAH接枝率比Haake中的低,但降解比Haake中的小得多。     

马来酸酐及苯乙烯同时接枝聚丙烯的研究

用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)作为引发剂，采用双螺杆反应挤出的苯乙烯、马来酸酐2种单体同时接枝聚丙烯．研究了单体总浓度、单体比例、引发剂浓度对PP的接枝率、接枝效率和熔体流动速率的影响。通过实验发现苯乙烯的加入使接枝率和接枝效率比单独的马来酸酐接枝都有很大的提高。     

苯乙烯对马来酸酐熔融接枝聚丙烯的影响

用双螺杆挤出机分别制备了马来酸酐(MAH)和MAH-苯乙烯(St)共单体接枝共聚聚丙烯(PP)。红外光谱分析表明:MAH单体被接枝到PP大分子链上;引入St后,产物熔体流动速率从16.42 g/10min降为0.60 g/10 min;吸光度比从0.021升高到0.778,但St含量过高时,PP基体发生交联,影响接枝共聚物的加工性能。探讨了共单体St的作用机理以及交联机理。     

聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐接枝率的测定

本文讨论了两种适用于聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐接枝率测定的定量校正曲线及半经验定量公式的建立方法。两种方法对ＰＰ熔融挤出接枝样品的接枝率进行测定的结果相近。     

Adhesion of maleic anhydride functionalized polyolefins and blends

We study three new classes of olefin‐based polymer, low‐molecular‐weight homopolypropylene (LMW‐hPP), syndiotactic‐rich polypropylene (srPP), and random propylene polymer (RPP). RPP is a random propylene/ethylene copolymer. By blending LMW‐hPP with 20 wt % of a maleic anhydride (MA) functionalized srPP (MA‐srPP) or MA functionalized RPP (MA‐RPP) instead of a commercial MA‐iPP (maleic anhydride‐grafted‐isotactic polypropylene), adhesion to a polar substrate, such as polyester (Mylar), is greatly enhanced. Effects of crystallinity controlled by either stereoregularity or comonomer incorporation and molecular weight of these MA functionalized propylene‐based polymers on adhesive performance are discussed. To further understand the mechanisms of enhanced adhesion, Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) spectroscopy is used to evaluate the migration of MA‐srPP in LMW‐hPP towards the interface when contacting a polar sapphire substrate. It shows that the buried interface between the LMW‐hPP/MA‐srPP blend (wt ratio = 80/20) and sapphire has the same characteristic spectrum as the MA‐srPP/sapphire interface, suggesting the enrichment of MA‐srPP in the interfacial polymer when the blend is in contact with sapphire. Also, vibrational modes of C=O have been detected at both the blend/sapphire and MA‐srPP/sapphire interfaces, further indicating that the interfacial polymer contains MA groups. Besides Mylar, adhesion to the non‐polar iPP substrate is also studied. The adhesion mechanisms to these polar and non‐polar substrates are explained in terms of our adhesion model. Applications of these MA functionalized polyolefins and blends are envisioned in the tie‐layer and adhesive areas. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39855.     

Mechanical properties of blends of polycarbonate with unmodified and maleic anhydride grafted ABS

Blends of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer (PC/ABS) and polycarbonate/maleic anhydride grafted ABS (PC/MABS) were prepared over the whole range of compositions using a single-screw extruder. Tensile, flexural, notched Izod impact properties, and the heat deflection temperature of these blends were determined. Mechanical properties of PC/MABS blends are nearly equal to or higher than, those predicted by the rule of mixtures, whilst those of PC/ABS blends show nearly equal, or negative deviation, from the rule of mixtures. The notched impact strength of PC/MABS blends shows a positive blending effect and proportionate increase from 25wt% PC to 75wt% PC. Scanning electron micrographs were taken of etched surfaces of selective blends. © 1998 SCI.     

Polypropylene composite reinforced with fibrillated curaua fiber and using maleic anhydride as coupling agent

Curaua fibers (CF) were fibrillated using high‐intensity ultrasonication, which is fast and uses water as a solvent. The fibrillated fibers (CF_f) were used as reinforcement (20 wt %) in polypropylene composites processed by extrusion with or without 2 wt % of polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PPMA). Fibrillation promotes an increase from 11.3 to 33.8 in the aspect ratio of the fiber. Sonication caused extraction of lignin and a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the CF. Extrusion of the composites causes no additional fibrillation of the CF. A composite reinforced with CF_f had tensile and flexural strength of 24.9% and 51.5%, respectively, higher than that of pristine PP. The use of PPMA and CF_f in the composite promotes a further increase of 30% and 50.5% in these parameters, respectively. A thermal analysis of the composites using CF_f with or without PPMA showed similar behavior. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44913.     

Effect of functionality levels and compatibility of polycarbonate blends with maleic anhydride grafted ABS

ABS was melt grafted with maleic anhydride at three different levels of 1, 2, and 3 wt %. These three different modified ABSs were melt blended with polycarbonate using a single‐screw extruder to choose a suitable maleic anhydride grafting level on ABS for better performance. For the compatibility study, binary blends of polycarbonate with ABS and maleic anhydride‐grafted ABS were prepared over the entire range of compositions. Compatibility of these blends was studied using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer and by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Both techniques suggest more partial compatibility for modified blend systems. In addition to this, DSC thermograms show multiple peaks between the transition points of ABS fractions and polycarbonate fractions for the polycarbonate/maleic anhydride‐grafted ABS blends. These multiple peaks are characteristic of better partial compatibility with fine microstructure. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2102–2110, 1999     

二噻吩马来酸酐及衍生物的光致变色研究进展

二噻吩乙烯马来酸酐及其衍生物由于其特殊的结构和性质,在分子开关、光信息存储和非线性光学等领域显示出诱人的应用前景,综述了近年来光致变色化合物二噻吩乙烯马来酸酐及其衍生物的研究进展.     

Compatibilization and characterization of blends of styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer with modified polyethylenes

Potentially reactive blends of styrene–maleic anhydride (SMAH) with ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate (E‐MA‐GMA) and nonreactive blends of SMAH with ethylene/methyl acrylate (E‐MA) were produced in a Brabender batch mixer and in a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The products were characterized in terms of rheology, morphology, and mechanical properties to understand the reaction characteristics between anhydride/epoxy functional groups. Storage modulus, G′, loss modulus, G″ and complex viscosity, η* of the reactive blends were higher than those of nonreactive ones. At 25% E‐MA‐GMA content, maximum in η* was obtained for the reactive blends. The reactive blends showed finer morphology than the nonreactive ones at all concentrations studied. Mechanical characterization showed that reactive SMAH/E‐MA‐GMA blends had higher tensile strength, % strain at break, and tensile modulus than the nonreactive blends for all corresponding modified polyethylene contents. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 790–797, 2001     

Crystallization and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene/polystyrene blends modified with maleic anhydride and styrene

Polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS) blends modified with reactive monomers, such as maleic anhydride (MAH) and styrene (St), and in situ formed PP/PS blends were prepared by melting extrusion. The crystallization and melting behavior and the dynamic mechanical properties of the PP/PS blends, including the structure of the grafted copolymer, were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and Fourier transform infrared. The results indicated that the addition of MAH hardly influenced the crystallization temperature of PP in the blends, but the addition of MAH and St increased the crystallization temperature of PP in its blends. The blends showed no remarkable variety for the melting temperature, but the shapes of the melting peaks were influenced by the addition of the reactive monomers. In addition, a significant increase in the storage and loss moduli of all the modified PP/PS blends was observed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 2038–2045, 2005     

弹性体接枝马来酸酐对PP/PA6 的增容作用

以4种弹性体接枝马来酸酐(MAH)共聚物作为聚丙烯/聚酰胺6(PP/PA6)共混体系的增容剂,从界面相互作用、形态结构和力学性能等方面比较了它们的增容作用。乙烯-辛烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)和乙丙三元共聚物接枝MAH(EPDM-g-MAH)使PP与PA6两相间的界面相互作用增强,增容效果较好;POE-g-MAH为增容剂时,PA6粒子分布较均匀,粒径约为1μm。POE-g-MAH能明显改善PP/PA6共混体系的韧性和强度,具有良好的增容作用。当w(POE-g-MAH)为10%时,w(PA6)为60%的共混体系拉伸强度最高,达到53.4MPa;适当增加PA6用量,可明显改善共混体系的流动性。     

Compatibilization of polyethylene/polyaniline blends with polyethylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride

The use of compatibilizers as interfacial agents in composites can offer a convenient way to improve the mechanical properties of immiscible polymer blends. The aim of this article is to illustrate the compatibilization effect of polyethylene‐graft‐maleic anhydride (PEgMA) in blends of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and n‐dodecylbenzene sulfonate doped polyaniline (PANIDBSA) prepared by extrusion. Films with different compositions of the coupling agent were evaluated with optical spectroscopy and thermomechanical, electrical, mechanical, and morphological techniques. The incorporation of PEgMA into the LDPE/PANIDBSA composites resulted in an improvement of their electrical conductivity and changes in the mechanical and morphological properties of the films. When 5 wt % of the coupling agent was added to a 30 wt % of the polyaniline‐containing film, the conductivity increased by more than three orders of magnitude, and the ductility also improved qualitatively. The morphology analysis also indicated that the addition of PEgMA produced a strengthening of the filler–matrix interfacial region. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Modification of low‐density polyethylene by graft copolymerization with maleic anhydride and blends with polyamide 6

Modification of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) hyperbranched grafting with a maleic anhydride (MAH) was carried out using corotating twin screw extruder in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. The LDPE/polyamide 6 (PA6) and LDPE‐g‐MAH/PA6 blends were obtained with a corotating twin screw extruder. The melt viscosity of the grafted LDPE was measured by a capillary rheometer. The grafted copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy The effects of variations in temperature, PA6 loading, and benzoyl peroxide and MAH concentration were investigated. The results show that most MAH monomers were grafted onto the LDPE at a lower MAH concentration. With the proper selection of the reaction parameters, we obtained a grafting degree higher than 4.9%. Mechanical test results indicate that the blends had good interfacial adhesion and good stability of the phase structure during heating, which was reflected in the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the results reveal that the tensile strength of the blends increased continuously with increasing PA6 content. Moreover, the home‐synthesized maleated LDPE could be used for the compatibilization of LDPE/PA 6 blends. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010