创新和循环经济是磷化工发展的必由之路：Ⅱ.黄磷炉渣的综合利用

创新和循环经济是磷化工发展的必由之路。论述黄磷炉渣的综合利用:一是走高附加值之路,如生产矿渣微晶玻璃、微晶玻璃粉、矿渣微细粉;二是生产减量化大的能在产地附近消化使用的低价值建材产品,如炉渣砖、水泥。阐述上述产品的生产方法、优缺点及市场前景。     

石英玻璃对Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃性能的影响

向水淬后的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2系统玻璃粉中加入石英玻璃粉，参照玻璃粉末的DTA曲线确定晶化温度，采用烧结法制备出了低膨胀微晶玻璃材料。运用XRD分析了材料的晶相种类，测定了材料的热膨胀系数、密度、抗折强度等性能，分析讨论了石英玻璃粉对材料性能的影响结果表明，石英玻璃粉含量增大，材料的热膨胀系数值减小。密度值增大，抗折强度值降低，析出主晶相为β-锂辉石固溶体。     

以粉煤灰为基础的微晶玻璃复合墙地砖研制

将粉煤灰引入微晶玻璃来制备复合墙地砖材料是一引人注目的课题。笔者以Li2O-CaO-Al2O3—SiO2为系统来制备微晶玻璃，利用其微负膨胀性，良好的析晶效果，易于与坯体相结合，消除内应力等优点来制备复合墙地砖。试验表明：将基础玻璃粉平铺于普通瓷质砖上，经一次烧结可制成表层为微晶玻璃，底层为普通瓷砖的复合材料。这既充分利用了粉煤灰，又具备微晶玻璃的各种优良性能，而且产品的工艺及合格率完全符合实际生产要求。     

冀微晶玻璃生产线国际领先

河北晶牛集团年产１０万平方米矿渣微晶玻璃生产线,各项技术性能均居国际领先水平。压延微晶玻璃是以废弃矿渣为主要原料,经高温熔化、压延成型、晶化退火而成的耐磨、耐腐蚀、耐高温、无放射性污染的工业材料和绿色建筑材料。冀微晶玻璃生产线国际领先     

玻璃粉对碱矿渣胶凝材料性能影响研究

初步探讨了玻璃粉作为部分细骨料代替物在碱矿渣水泥砂浆中的应用前景,通过试验观察一定掺量和细度玻璃粉代替部分河砂制备的碱矿渣水泥砂浆强度发展,并研究了玻璃粉粒径对砂浆强度影响。结果表明,玻璃粉的掺入,不会引起碱矿渣砂浆强度的大幅降低,可以满足大多数工程实际应用,玻璃粉的尺寸效应非常明显,玻璃粉粒径尺寸越小,制备的砂浆强度则相应越高。     

碱激发矿渣-玻璃粉基泡沫混凝土性能研究

采用玻璃粉部分替代矿渣制备碱激发胶凝材料,研究了玻璃粉含量(10%、20%、30%、40%,质量分数)对碱激发矿渣-玻璃粉基(AASG)泡沫混凝土性能的影响。对AASG泡沫混凝土流动性、抗压强度、干燥收缩、吸水率、软化系数和抗冻性进行了研究,并通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对机理进行了分析。结果表明:10%~40%掺量的玻璃粉使AASG泡沫混凝土的流动性提高了5.0%~25.6%;抗压强度随玻璃粉掺量的增加先增大再减小,玻璃粉掺量为20%时,7 d和28 d抗压强度最高,与对照组相比分别提高15.0%和23.8%;玻璃粉掺量为20%时,AASG泡沫混凝土的干燥收缩、吸水率、软化系数和抗冻性最佳;SEM分析发现,玻璃粉有助于孔结构的优化和提高微观结构的致密性;XRD分析表明,AASG泡沫混凝土的主要反应产物为 C-(N-)A-S-H和水滑石。将玻璃粉作为矿渣的替代品来制备AASG泡沫混凝土是可行的,为其在回填工程和固废利用提供理论支撑。     

矿渣微晶玻璃的制备及展望

本文介绍了制备矿渣微晶玻璃的方法-熔融法和烧结法，总结了两种方法各自的优缺点，综述了基础玻璃的组成和晶核剂对制备矿渣微晶玻璃的主晶相及性能的影响；从矿渣微晶玻璃现状出发，展望了矿渣微晶玻璃的未来发展。     

热处理工艺对钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃性能的影响

用熔融一烧结法制备了钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃，用差热分析（DTA）和X射线衍射（XRD）对该微晶玻璃的主晶相种类进行了研究，并对材料的抗弯强度进行了测定。实验结果表明：玻璃粉末在烧结的同时进行晶化，热处理后得到了主晶相为β-Ca3P2O7的微晶玻璃，烧结温度对晶相的含量无影响，烧结温度为950℃时，微晶玻璃的抗弯强度最大，为85MPa。     

矿渣微晶玻璃的制备及展望

介绍了制备矿渣微晶玻璃的方法-熔融法和烧结法，总结了两种方法各自的优点及存在的问题，着重综述了基础玻璃的组成和晶核剂对制备矿渣微晶玻璃的主晶相及性能的影响；从矿渣微晶玻璃现状出发，展望了矿渣微晶玻璃的未来发展趋势。     

微晶玻璃／陶瓷复合墙地砖的研制

以接近陶瓷砖的成本生产具有微晶玻璃质量的新一代复合墙地砖是引人注目的课题。实验表明,将基础玻璃粉平铺于普通瓷质砖基板上,一起进行热处理,可制备出表层为微晶玻璃、基底为普通陶瓷的复合材料。它既具备微晶玻璃的各种优良特性和装饰效果,又可在普通陶瓷墙地砖厂通过适当技术改造来生产,具有很好的推广应用前景。     

Synergistic effect of glass fibre and Al powder on the mechanical properties of glass-ceramics

To explore the synergistic effect of glass fibre and Al powder on the mechanical properties of glass-ceramics, blast furnace slag was chosen as the main material, and glass fibre and Al powder as reinforcement materials. The phase compositions, microstructures, compressive properties, and apparent density of the glass-ceramics with varying quantities of glass fibre and Al powder were investigated. The experimental results indicated that Al powder could exist as a simple substance in glass-ceramics and form a dense net coating on the surface of blast furnace slag to improve the plasticity of the glass-ceramic. The glass fibre had better reinforcement effect than Al powder because of its extremely high mechanical strength. The plasticity of glass-ceramics, however, severely decreased; the glass-ceramics exhibited brittle failure during compression. A slight increase in the content of CaSi₂ and SiO₂ in the glass-ceramics was closely related to the addition of glass fibre. Considering safety and economy, glass-ceramics with 6% Al and 14% glass fibre (S4) have the best mechanical properties. The compressive strength, strain at maximum force, and apparent density were 40?MPa, 19% and 1.974?g/cm³, respectively.     

SiO2含量对钛矿渣微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响

以钛矿渣为主要原料,采用熔融法制备CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂系微晶玻璃,通过综合热分析仪、X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜分析了SiO₂含量对钛矿渣微晶玻璃的基础玻璃稳定性及晶化行为的影响。结果显示:以原渣制备微晶玻璃时,其基础玻璃结构不稳定,易析出钙钛矿晶体,随着SiO₂含量的增加,基础玻璃趋于稳定,析晶温度上升,热处理后析晶程度更高,显微结构更加致密,因而强度更高。通过加入辅助原料石英粉来调节SiO₂含量,当SiO₂含量为40%(质量分数)时,可以制备出具有稳定玻璃体、晶相仅为透辉石、抗弯强度为82.1 MPa的微晶玻璃,其钛矿渣掺量在80%(质量分数)以上,具有重要的经济与社会效应。     

Sinterability,microstructure and compressive strength of porous glass-ceramics from metallurgical silicon slag and waste glass

Porous glass-ceramics have been prepared by the direct sintering of powder mixtures of metallurgical silicon slag and waste glass. The thermal behavior of silicon slag was examined by differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry to clarify the foaming mechanism of porous glass-ceramics. The mass loss of silicon slag below 700 °C was attributed to the oxidation of amorphous carbon from residual metallurgical coke in the silicon slag, and the mass gain above 800 °C to the passive oxidation of silicon carbide. The porosity of sintered glass-ceramics was characterized in terms of the apparent density and pore size. By simply adjusting the content of waste glass and sintering parameters (i.e. temperature, time and heating rate), the apparent density changed from 0.4 g/cm³ to 0.5 g/cm³, and the pore size from 0.7 mm to 1.4 mm. In addition to the existing crystalline phases in the silicon slag, the gehlenite phase appeared in the sintered glass-ceramics. The compressive strength of porous glass-ceramics firstly increased and then decreased with the sintering temperature, reaching a maximal value of 1.8 MPa at 750 °C. The mechanical strength was primarily influenced by the crystallinity of glass-ceramics and the interfaces between the crystalline phases and the glassy matrix. These sintered porous glass-ceramics exhibit superior properties such as light-weight, heat-insulation and sound-absorption, and could found their potential applications in the construction decoration.     

Preparation of glass-ceramics with low density and high strength using blast furnace slag,glass fiber and water glass

To reduce the production costs of glass-ceramics and broaden the application field of solid waste in steel industry, low-density and high-strength glass-ceramics were produced by using blast furnace slag as the basic material, choosing glass fiber and water glass as the strengthening agents. The effects of glass fiber and water glass on the phase composition, microstructure, apparent density, water absorption and compressive strength of glass–ceramics were investigated. The results show that the rod structure of glass fiber can be retained in the sintered samples and high content of diopside and augite significantly improve the compressive strength of glass-ceramics. Tiny spherical crystalline phases can be obtained for the glass-ceramics soaked in the moderate concentration of water glass. The BGW-2 samples fabricated with 70% blast furnace slag, 30% glass fiber and 4% water glass, exhibit excellent comprehensive properties. The bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength of BGW-2 are 1.76 g/cm³, 2.26% and 68 MPa, respectively. Consequently, using blast furnace slag to prepare glass-ceramics can be another applicable way to utilize blast furnace slag efficiently.     

Preparation and properties of the glass-ceramics from low Ti-bearing blast furnace slag and waste glass

Ti-bearing blast furnace slag is a typical silicate material, which can be an important component for the preparation of silicate-based glass-ceramics. Quartz-based waste glass is commonly used as an additive to adjust the basicity of slag-based glass-ceramics. In this study, the quartz-based waste glasses were added to the Ti-bearing blast furnace slag to prepare the mixed solid waste glass-ceramics. The effects of waste glass content and heat treatment temperatures on the crystallization and performances of the prepared glass-ceramics were investigated. The results showed that as the waste glass content increased, the crystallization ability of the glass was weakened. Fassaite and nepheline were identified as the dominant crystalline phases in the prepared glass-ceramics and mainly featured a combination of both massive and dendritic forms. With increasing the heat treatment temperatures, the size of dendritic crystals first increased and then decreased. The optimal experimental conditions were identified as a waste glass content of 45%, a crystallization temperature of 900°C, and a nucleation temperature of 730°C. Under these conditions, the prepared glass-ceramics exhibited good crystalline phase distribution and excellent mechanical properties, including a Vickers hardness of 991.67 MPa and a flexural strength of 89.81 MPa. All the prepared solid waste-based glass-ceramics exhibited excellent chemical durabilities.     

微晶泡沫玻璃与固体废弃物的循环利用

概述了微晶泡沫玻璃的制备工艺原理及流程,从结构方面讨论了微晶泡沫玻璃的性能及应用,介绍了废玻璃、粉煤灰、尾矿、冶炼渣、硼泥、煤矸石、陶瓷废料等固体废弃物在微晶泡沫玻璃中的应用。     

Cr2 O3、TiO2对高炉渣制备微晶玻璃晶化方式的影响

以包钢高炉渣为主要原料,采用熔融法制备CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3系微晶玻璃,主要通过差热分析方法,并借助于Augis-Bennett方程和Ozawa方程研究了分别添加2%Cr2O3和8%TiO2作晶核剂时基础玻璃的晶化方式.研究结果表明:添加2%Cr2O3作晶核剂时,晶体生长指数均可实现大于3,晶化方式为整体晶化;而添加8%TiO2作晶核剂时,晶体生长指数均不可能大于3,晶化方式为表面晶化.因此,Cr2O3是高炉渣制备透辉石类微晶玻璃适宜的晶核剂成分,可单独用作晶核剂,而TiO2无法使基础玻璃整体晶化,不能单独用作晶核剂.研究结果为利用高炉渣成功研制开发透辉石类微晶玻璃在晶核剂种类选择确定方面提供了理论指导.     

钢渣微晶玻璃的试验研究

介绍了以宝钢钢渣为主要原料制备微晶玻璃的方法.用DTA,XRD等方法研究了微晶玻璃的晶化制度、析出晶相,探讨了基础玻璃的组成、晶核剂的选择.对钢渣微晶玻璃的主要性能进行了测试.     

高铝粉煤灰提铝硅钙渣制备硅灰石微晶玻璃研究

以高铝粉煤灰提铝硅钙尾渣为主要原料,采用烧结法制备了硅灰石微晶玻璃。利用DTA、XRD和SEM分析方法研究了热处理制度、硅钙渣用量对微晶玻璃的晶化过程、显微结构及物化性能的影响。结果表明：核化时间与晶化时间的延长有助于硅灰石晶体的定向生长与紧密排列,对微晶玻璃的力学性能影响显著,而晶化温度与核化温度的影响则相对较小;随着硅钙渣的用量增加,微晶玻璃中硅灰石的析出能力增强,当其用量为70．98％,在800℃下核化热处理90 min,920℃晶化处理90 min时,可制备出单一晶相的硅灰石微晶玻璃。