影响熟料窑收尘效率的因素及解决方法

旋风收尘器和电除尘器是治理烟气环境污染的主要设施,本文对生产实际中影响旋风收尘和电除尘效率的因素进行了探讨,指出山西铝厂熟料窑旋风收尘器和电除尘器运行中存在的问题及解决方法.     

提高熟料窑电收尘器收尘效率的技术改造

针对山西铝厂二期工程熟料窑电收尘器存在板线变形，收尘效率降低的实际问题。从电物理学角度出发，通过对极间电场区场强，尘粒驱进速度，以及异极间距和收尘面积与收尘效率的关系分析与公式推导，确立了提高电收尘器收尘效率的改造方案并加以改造。     

脉冲供电新技术在氧化铝熟料窑电收尘的应用

电收尘器的供电方式直接影响其收尘效率和运行状况。山西铝厂４＾＃熟料窑电收尘器改装成脉站直流双功能供电后与原直流供电的对比试验结果表明：脉冲直流双功能供电比直流供电有利于振打清灰,电收尘器出口烟气含尘浓度平均降低３７．７７％,具有较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

提高电收尘器收尘效率的方法及效果

本文从理论并结合生产实践,分析了影响锌焙烧炉电收尘器收尘效率的主要原因和改进方法以及改进后的效果。通过提高收尘效率,保证生产的稳定运行,保护环境。     

声波清灰在氧化铝生产收尘设施上的开发应用

本文介绍了声波清灰技术在氧化铝行业熟料窑电收尘器上的首次应用，改变了电收尘器的清灰振打方式，将声波应用到清理电收尘极板、极线的积灰、结垢上平，减少了对电收尘设备的机械振动损坏，取得了明显的效果，为电收尘器的稳定运行创造了有利条件。     

回转挥发窑在锌浸出渣处理中的应用

介绍了Φ2 95×52m挥发窑及其系统在昆明云冶锌业股份有限公司锌浸出渣处理中的应用;阐述了该设备结构、设备特点、控制系统及设备的先进性、复杂性和工艺特点。     

湿法炼锌锑盐净化钴渣处理的现状及展望

在湿法炼锌工艺中,采用锑盐除钴法产出的净化钴渣含有锌、镉、钴、铜等有价金属。从净化钴渣回收这些有价金属通常采用的工艺有两种：一是选择性浸出分离钴、锌、镉、铜-挥发窑回收锌、镉工艺;二是酸性浸出钴、锌、镉-α-亚硝基-β-萘酚的碱性溶液沉钴。这两种工艺都有不足之处,在氨-硫酸铵法和氧化法沉钴方面,科研人员进行了许多有益地探索。     

生物浸出体系中中等嗜热菌对锌冶炼窑渣中金属的提取及其电化学特性的影响(英文)

研究中等嗜热菌对锌冶炼窑渣中金属提取的影响以及生物浸出过程中锌冶炼窑渣碳糊电极的电化学特性。结果表明,在矿浆浓度2%、pH1.0、温度65°C、转速为120r/min的浸出条件下,去除生物浸出体系中吸附菌后,废渣中Fe、Cu和Zn的浸出率分别为86.7%、90.3%和66.7%,而在没有去除吸附菌体系中3种金属的浸出率分别为91.9%、96.0%和84.5%。对生物浸出渣和酸浸渣表面细菌分泌物进行FT-IR测试分析可知,生物浸出渣颗粒表面出现了新的官能团振动峰,如1007cm1和1193cm1处的峰,间接说明残渣颗粒表面吸附细菌的存在。生物浸出体系和空白体系的循环伏安曲线和塔菲尔曲线特性进一步表明生物浸出体系中细菌促进了锌冶炼窑渣中有价金属的溶出。     

湿法炼锌窑渣与污酸联合浸出新工艺

湿法炼锌过程中产生的窑渣含有大量的有价金属。锌冶炼污酸具有成分复杂、酸度高、含有大量的砷及其他重金属离子的特点。根据锌窑渣和污酸的理化性质,将二者进行联合浸出处理,考察反应时间、反应温度、液固比、H_2O_2加入量、窑渣粒径对锌窑渣与污酸联合浸出行为的影响。结果表明:在反应时间3 h、反应温度50℃、液固比(mL/g) 10:1、H_2O_2加入量为16 mL、窑渣粒径75～106μm条件下进行二段逆流浸出,铜、铁、锌的浸出率均高于90%。浸出后液的酸度从172.48 g/L降至20 g/L左右,砷浓度达9 g/L左右,为后续沉砷处理提供了条件。另外,对浸出渣进行分析,可知浸出渣中主要物相为CaSO_4·2H_2O、SiO_2和焦炭,其中银品位最高达484.7 g/t,可作为提银原料。     

豫光集团安全环保设备管理成效显著

株，台集团公司“锌一系统沸腾炉开停炉烟气治理”、“锌二系统沸腾炉开停炉烟气治理”、“锌二制酸尾气治理”和“厢式压滤技术取代锌浸出渣干燥窑清洁生产技术改造4个项目，目前通过环保验收，正式投产运行。这4个项目有望每年削减粉尘100吨，二氧化硫1000多吨。     

The recycling of heavy-metalcontaining wastes: Mass balances and economical estimations

As environmental legislation has become stricter in recent decades, efforts for treating residues have also increased. The existing pyrometallurgical reprocessing methods for metal-containing wastes recover mainly only one valuable metal or produce low-grade byproducts. The aim of developing an economic process has to be the simultaneous recovery of more than one valuable metal and increased product quality. In the case of zinccontaining residues the goal has to be a high-quality zinc product. Moreover, the target is a nearly zero waste process and, accordingly, small amounts of generated residues. In this paper four possible secondary raw materials are compared regarding their mass and energy balance for a treatment in a carbon-containing metal bath. Furthermore, an evaluation of the economy is given for a neutral leaching residue, Waelz kiln slag, dust from secondary copper industry as well as an electro arc furnace dust from carbon steel production.     

回转窑内渣成分优化实现锌铅元素的高效回收（英文）

在回转窑内从高硅锌浸出渣中实现高效回收锌铅金属。XRD、SEM、EDS及ICP表征结果表明,浸出渣含12.4%SiO₂、16.1%Zn和7.4%Pb(质量分数)。热力学分析表明,在回转窑内1150～1250℃的冶炼环境下,锌浸出渣中极易产生锌和铅的金属蒸气。通过分析13种冶金渣成分的黏度及熔点,发现3种渣成分(47%SiO₂-23%CaO-30%FeO、40%SiO₂-28%CaO-32%FeO、40%SiO₂-30%CaO-30%FeO,质量分数)具有合适的物理特性,即熔点和黏度分别为1150～1280℃和0.2～0.5 Pa·s。工业实验表明,采用优化的渣成分,锌和铅的回收率分别高达97.3%和94.5%,冶炼后渣内锌和铅的含量分别低至0.51%和0.45%(质量分数)。水淬渣的国标浸出实验表明,浸出液中含1.82 mg/L Zn、～0.01 mg/L Cu、0.0004 mg/L As、～0.01 mg/L Cd、0.08 mg/L Pb和～0.02 mg/L Hg,证实锌浸出渣同步实现无害化...     

Volatilization of zinc and lead in direct recycling of stainless steel making dust

The volatilization of zinc and lead from the stainless steel making dust pellets in the direct recycling procedure was conducted by using a thermo-gravimetric analyzer and a Tamman furnace in the nitrogen atmosphere respectively. The results show that the temperature has a significant effect on the volatilization rates of zinc and lead,and the carbon content in the pellets has no effect on the volatilization process. The volatilization of zinc is controlled by the chemical reaction between zinc oxide and carbon monoxide, while the volatilization of lead is controlled by the evaporation from liquid phase to the atmosphere. The volatilization of zinc and lead mainly happen at about 1000℃ according to non-isothermal experiment.     

Technological mineralogy and environmental activity of zinc leaching residue from zinc hydrometallurgical process

Chemical, physical, structural and morphological properties of zinc leaching residue were examined by the combination of various detection means such as AAS, XRF, XRD, Mössbauer spectrometry, SEM-EDS, TG-DSC, XPS and FTIR. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) was used to investigate the environmental activity of zinc leaching residue for a short contact time. The phase composition analysis indicated that the zinc leaching residue mainly consists of super refined flocculent particles including zinc ferrite, sulfate and silicate. The physical structural analysis showed that it has a thermal instability and strong water absorption properties. The results of TCLP indicated that the amounts of Zn and Cd in the leaching solution exceed 40 and 90 times of limit, respectively, which demonstrate that this residue is unstable in weak acidic environment for a short contact time.     

在H2SO4-HCl-H2O复合体系中氧化浸出镍钼矿冶炼烟尘中的硒

对在H2SO4-HCl-H2O复合体系中氧化浸出镍钼矿冶炼烟尘中的硒进行热力学分析,确定从镍钼矿冶炼烟尘中浸出硒的新工艺及其最优技术参数.采用XRD对镍钼矿冶炼烟尘及其浸出渣进行表征.结果表明:在最佳技术条件下,硒浸出率达到98%,浸出渣含硒0.16%(质量分数);冶炼烟尘中硒以单质形式存在,未见硒及其化合物出现,表明烟尘中的硒浸出较完全;浸出渣主要由SiO2、CaSO4、A12SiO5、As2O3和KAlSi3O8组成.     

Treatment of cadmium dust with two-stage leaching process

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Hydrometallurgically recovering zinc from electric arc furnace dusts

The increasing use of zinc-containing scrap for steel production has lead to a high zinc content in the electric arc furnace and converter flue dusts. The cost of disposing of this residue is high due to environmental restrictions. Various recycling processes have been developed for these dusts, but most never reached the pilot plant stage and many investigations were stopped because of metallurgical and economical inefficiencies. While pyrometallurgical methods have to deal with high energy consumption, low zinc yield, and valueless residues, hydrometallurgical processes could offer an economical recycling alternative. This paper describes hydrometallurgical methods for recovering zinc from steel industry dust. These methods can be integrated in the primary zinc-winning process or in galvanization. Investigations of sulfuric-acid leaching show high zinc solubility but also a high iron content in the final liquor. As a result, steps for purification are required that cannot be conducted economically. Alternatively, a NaOH leaching gives a satisfying zinc yield and a very low solubility for the iron that remains in the residue. For more information, contact J. Antrekowitsch, University of Leoben, Nonferrous Metallurgy Department, Franz-Josef-Str. 18, Leoben, Styria A-8700, Austria; +43-3842-402322; fax +43-3842-402627; e-mail antreko@unileoben.ac.at.     

Recovery of valuable metals from zinc leaching residue by sulfate roasting and water leaching

Zinc leaching residue (ZLR), produced from traditional zinc hydrometallurgy process, is not only a hazardous waste but also a potential valuable solid. The combination of sulfate roasting and water leaching was employed to recover the valuable metals from ZLR. The ZLR was initially roasted with ferric sulfate at 640 °C for 1 h with ferric sulfate/zinc ferrite mole ratio of 1.2. In this process, the valuable metals were efficiently transformed into water soluble sulfate, while iron remains as ferric oxide. Thereafter, water leaching was conducted to extract the valuable metals sulfate for recovery. The recovery rates of zinc, manganese, copper, cadmium and iron were 92.4%, 93.3%, 99.3%, 91.4% and 1.1%, respectively. A leaching toxicity test for ZLR was performed after water leaching. The results indicated that the final residue was effectively detoxified and all of the heavy metal leaching concentrations were under the allowable limit.     

Selective recovery of zinc from zinc oxide dust using choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a kind of potential lixiviant for selective metal processing due to their versatile complexation properties. In this study, we investigated the recovery of zinc from zinc oxide dust using choline chloride−urea− ethylene glycol (ChCl−urea−EG) DESs. The zinc extraction efficiency can be up to 85.2% when the slurry concentration is 50 g/L, leaching temperature is 80 °C and stirring speed is 600 r/min. The leaching process is controlled by the diffusion and the corresponding activation energy is 32.1 kJ/mol. The resultant solution was directly used for the electrodeposition of zinc. The pure zinc deposit is obtained with a current efficiency of 82.6%. Furthermore, the ChCl−urea−EG DESs can be recycled. This approach is shown to be promising for the recycling of zinc from the zinc-containing dust.     

从锌浸出渣中回收银的方法

一般湿法炼锌厂所产出的锌浸出渣含有相当数量的银、锌及稀散金属。近２０年来，人们从这类残渣中回收银及人价金属的研究和生产方法归纳起来可分为３类；浮选富集，火法富集和直接浸出银。讨论了各种方法的基本原理，优点和缺点，以及研究方向。