钛硅—1分子筛催化环己酮氨肟化剂环己酮肟工艺的研究

采用淤浆床连续反应工艺,在实验室对钛硅－1（TS－1）分子筛催化环己酮氨肟化制环己酮肟工艺的工艺参数进行了考察。结果表明,在以叔丁醇－水为溶剂,叔丁醇／水体积比2．0－2．8,氨／环己酮摩尔比1．7－2．7,过氧化氢／环己酮摩尔比1．01－1．10,常压,反应温度75℃,反应停留时间70min左右,分子筛质量分数2％－3％的工艺条件下,环己酮转化率可达96％,环己酮肟选择性大于99％。     

MCM-41分子筛负载磷钨钼酸催化合成环已酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮

以MCM-41分子筛负载磷钨钼杂多酸为催化剂，以环己酮和1，2-丙二醇为原料合成了环己酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮，探讨了MCM-41分子筛负载磷钨钼杂多酸催化剂对缩酮反应的催化活性，较系统地研究了原料量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对缩酮反应的影响。实验表明，MCM-41分子筛负载磷钨钼杂多酸催化剂是合成环己酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂，在n（环己酮）：n（1，2-丙二醇）=1：1．6，催化剂用量为反应物总质量的0．20％，环己烷作带水剂，反应时间45min的优化条件下，环己酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达89．1％。     

钛硅分子筛催化环己酮氨肟化反应过程--本征动力学

对钛硅分子筛(HTS)催化环己酮氨肟化反应本征动力学进行了研究。利用经验方程拟合了试验数据，并采用Marquardt算法对经验方程的参数进行确定，获得了不同试验条件下的反应初速率，然后再用高斯-牛顿法对本征动力学模型进行了参数估计，得出了氨肟化反应以及该反应体系中H2O2分解的本征动力学。并对该模型进行了残差分析和F检验，对氨肟化反应和H2O2分解的动力学模型的计算值与试验值进行了比较，获得相对误差绝对值的平均值分别为5．21％和6．25％。表明该模型能真实反映HTS催化环己酮氨肟化的反应特性，是合理可靠的，能为进一步的过程开发与工程设计提供一些理论上的指导和设计上的依据；而H2O2分解副反应动力学模型仅适用于该反应体系。     

无机原料制备的大晶粒TS-1分子筛的表征及催化环己酮肟化反应性能评价

以硅溶胶为硅源、三氯化钛为钛源合成大晶粒TS-1分子筛,并用其催化环己酮肟化反应。采用XRD,XRF, FT-IR,SEM,TEM和低温N2吸-脱附等方法对催化反应前后催化剂的结构进行表征,结果表明,反应前后催化剂结构没有明显变化,说明该分子筛具有较好的稳定性。采用淤浆床反应器,在环己酮质量空速6 h-1、温度75 ℃的条件下,将制备的TS-1分子筛用于催化环己酮肟化反应,在运转时间190 h内,环己酮转化率和环己酮肟选择性分别达到99.0%和96.0%,说明所制备的大晶粒TS-1分子筛不仅具有与有机原料制备的TS-1分子筛相当的催化活性,而且稳定性更好。该分子筛还具有良好的分离和再生性能,再生分子筛的催化性能可以达到新鲜分子筛的水平。     

四丙基氢氧化铵热稳定性对TS-1分子筛合成的影响

在170℃下研究了TPAOH溶液的热稳定性。结果表明，TPAOH容易分解为三正丙胺和正丙醇；采用改进方法可在低于150℃下合成TS-1分子筛，提高了TPAOH的有效利用率，TPAOH用量仅为传统方法合成TS-1分子筛的1/3。改进方法合成的TS-1分子筛经N2吸附-脱附、XRD、FT-IR和TEM等技术表征，其物化性能与传统方法合成的分子筛基本相同，晶粒尺寸为0.2～O.4μm，晶粒大小均匀，形状规整。在环己酮氨肟化反应中，改进方法合成的TS-1分子筛催化剂，其环己酮转化率达到97％，环己酮肟的选择性达到99％。     

石科院进行HTS分子筛催化丙烯环氧化反应的研究

石油化工科学研究院在传统水热合成TS-1分子筛的基础上，自主开发了TS-1分子筛重排改性工艺。该工艺具有制备重复性好的优点，经重排改性后的TS-1分子筛晶粒具有空心结构（商品牌号为HTS），催化苯酚羟基化反应活性可提高2～4倍，催化环己酮氨肟化反应活性亦有大幅度提高，且已成功应用于巴陵石化公司己内酰胺的工业化生产。     

成型Ti-MWW分子筛催化环己酮液-液-固三相氨肟化反应及失活原因

采用连续淤浆床反应装置,对比研究了环己烷为溶剂的液-液-固三相体系中成型Ti-MWW分子筛与TS-1分子筛催化环己酮氨肟化反应的性能。结果表明,成型Ti-MWW分子筛催化环己酮氨肟化的性能明显优于TS-1分子筛。催化剂寿命评价以及反应副产物的定性分析结果表明,在催速失活工艺条件下,成型Ti-MWW分子筛在环己烷为溶剂的液-液-固三相体系中稳定运行28.1h,环己酮肟选择性大于99%,反应副产物主要为高沸点极性有机物。通过对新鲜、失活及再生催化剂进行SEM、XRD、N_2物理吸附、UV-Vis和FT-IR等表征,表明成型Ti-MWW分子筛单程失活未见明显骨架硅流失,拓扑结构没有被破坏,失活主要是由反应副产物堵孔造成的。     

环己酮氨肟化反应过程中钛硅分子筛的溶解流失研究

在钛硅分子筛催化的环己酮氨肟化制备环己酮肟新工艺中，氨是引起分子筛溶解流失、导致催化剂失活的原因。研究表明，分子筛的溶解与反应体系的极性、氨含量等有关。采用添加含硅助剂的方法，可有效抑制碱性体系中分子筛的溶解流失，大幅度延长催化剂稳定运转周期。     

钛硅分子筛催化环己酮氨肟化反应过程--影响过氧化氢分解的因素分析

在实验室对钛硅分子筛催化环己酮氨肟化制备环己酮肟反应体系中引起H2O2分解的原因进行了考察。结果表明，最重要的因素是氨的过量所导致的碱性环境，维持反应体系低含量的氨和H2O2，有利于提高H2O2的有效利用率，反应温度的提高会造成H2O2的利用率略有下降，钛硅分子筛及加入的量对H2O2的分解几乎没有影响，但TiO2和硅胶的存在会对其分解有一些影响，反应器材质宜选不锈钢，使用前对其表面进行适当的酸、碱处理可消除其对H2O2分解的影响。这些结果可为H2O2进料方式的合理选择，反应器、分布器和混合器元件的优化设计提供依据。     

喷雾成型TS-1分子筛催化剂的制备及其性能

制备了喷雾成型TS-1分子筛催化剂,并采用FT-IR、XRD、N2物理吸附、SEM等手段对其进行了表征,考察了SiO2 质量分数、焙烧温度、焙烧时间、焙烧气氛等工艺条件对其催化环己酮氨肟化反应活性的影响。结果表明,与TS-1原粉相比,喷雾成型TS-1分子筛催化剂的骨架保留了MFI的拓扑结构,其比表面积及微孔孔体积有所降低,颗粒粒径明显增大;适宜的制备条件为焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间4 h、焙烧气氛O2、SiO2质量分数6%,此条件下制得的成型TS-1分子筛催化环己酮氨肟化反应的环己酮转化率及环己酮肟选择性均可达99%。该成型催化剂较TS-1原粉在分离方面有明显的优势。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.