索网结构对主体结构动力特性的影响

采用子空间迭代法,结合工程实例,对索网次结构对主体结构自振特性的影响进行了计算分析,研究了主体结构的频率分布特性以及索网预应力、玻璃及索连接件的质量等结构参数对自振特性的影响。此外,还考虑了几何非线性对结构应力刚度的影响,考虑位形修正进行了模态分析。最后,采用振型分解反应谱法进行了结构模型的多遇地震响应分析。研究结果表明:玻璃及索连接件的质量对主体结构频率影响较大,整体结构振型表现为主体结构振型加索网局部振型;主体结构代替整体结构通过振型分解反应谱法进行地震效应分析时,结构地震效应降低。     

张拉薄膜结构动力特性研究

分析了张拉薄膜结构动力特性的基本特点,研究了膜面预应力、矢跨比、跨度、边索预应力、膜面索以及支承体系对结构动力特性的影响.结果表明,薄膜结构频率密集,连续成丛分布并且有多个频率重迭;刚性边界跨度较小的薄膜结构的频率较高;跨度较大且比较平坦的大面积薄膜曲面的频率较低,并且分布非常密集;考虑支承体系的张拉索膜结构的频率比未考虑的偏低,振型发生改变;膜面索对自振频率影响不显著,但会使结构的振型发生较大的变化.     

大跨度张弦梁结构的自振特性研究

建立了大跨度张弦梁结构非线性动力特性分析的有限元模型,首先分析了张弦梁结构的自振特性,探讨各阶频率及对应振型的分布规律,然后进行参数分析,主要从下弦索面积、恒载以及预应力等关键参数变化来比较,得出这些参数变化对结构自振特性的影响,从而得出一些有益于设计的结论。     

索穹顶结构自振特性有限元分析

建立了索穹顶结构非线性动力特性分析的有限元模型 ,首先分析了索穹顶结构的自振特性 ,弄清楚各阶频率及对应的振型 ,然后进行参数分析 ,主要从索元预应力、单元截面积等参数变化来比较 ,得出这些参数变化对结构频率的影响 ,从而得出一些有益于结构设计的结论     

斜拉型悬索结构形式与受力特性研究

将索桁架和斜拉结构进行组合,构造一种新型索结构体系,即斜拉型悬索结构。张拉背索对结构施加预应力,通过找力和找形得到了结构的初始预应力态,在此基础上进行了结构在满跨和半跨均布荷载作用下的静力、动力特性研究及参数分析,并对该新型索结构体系进行了风振响应计算。研究表明：结构静力荷载 位移关系呈非线性双折线,结构刚度的转折点对应于稳定索边段的退拉松弛;结构的低阶振型表现为桅杆的水平振动叠加屋盖的竖向振动,高阶振型中桅杆水平方向参与很少;增大背索截面面积可有效提高结构刚度和自振频率,稳定索、斜拉索面积对自振频率影响不大;背索预应力值对结构的静力特性影响是线性的,在所有索段具有拉应力时,预应力值对结构动力特性基本无影响,若索出现松弛则结构刚度急剧退化,自振频率陡降;桅杆高度增大,结构刚度下降,桅杆高度对结构的低阶振型和频率影响较大;矢跨比对屋盖竖向对称振动的第2振型有影响,而对反对称的第1振型基本无影响;斜拉型悬索结构的风振系数介于1~2之间。     

大跨度弧形悬吊楼梯的动力特性研究

大跨度悬吊楼梯的跨度大、约束少、整体刚度较柔,其结构的动力特性分析是寻求控制结构设计关键因素的重要途径.文中结合某大跨度弧形悬吊楼梯的结构特点,采用壳、空间曲梁及杆单元建立了有限元力学模型,并根据模态分析结果,得到楼梯结构的主要自振频率和振型分布.分析表明,其低阶自振频率避开了人步行频率范围1～3 Hz,低阶振型主要为竖向弯曲和扭转形式.对该楼梯自振性能的分析为进一步优化结构设计提供了技术依据.     

Kiewitt型弦支穹顶结构自振特性研究

弦支穹顶结构的自振特性是其本身固有的重要力学性能.运用有限元方法,基于ADINA软件建立了大跨度Kiewitt型弦支穹顶结构非线性动力特性分析的有限元模型.首先对35.4m跨度的K6型弦支穹顶结构进行了自振性能分析,得出结构前15阶自振频率及振型,由于弦支穹顶结构的对称性,其前15阶自振频率数值密集且变化均匀,说明结构的刚度分布均匀合理;前两阶振型水平与竖向振动同时存在,后几阶以竖向振动为主.着重针对环索预应力、撑杆长度、杆件截面、矢跨比四个因素对自振频率的影响进行了分析,拉索预应力及杆件截面对自振频率的影响非常小,矢跨比是影响自振性能最敏感的因素.     

大跨空间网壳结构动力特性研究

大跨空间网壳结构在地震荷载作用下的振动反应规律不仅与地震荷载有关,还与结构自振特性紧密相关,分析结构的自振特性是进行结构抗震分析的基础。大跨空间网壳结构的自振特性比较复杂且影响因素多,通过探讨大跨空间网壳结构的基本自振特性、各阶周期、对应振型结构及各向刚度分布情况,把握结构的基本自振特性;随后主要对结构周期随支座的数量、矢跨比和载荷等三个主要因素的影响进行参数分析,得出他们之间频率和振型的异同,从而得出一些有益于结构设计的结论。     

组合空腹板架结构自振特性研究

自振频率及对应的振型是结构的固有特性,也是承受动力荷载结构设计的重要参数。本文综合考虑钢—混凝土组合空腹板架结构的跨度、网格尺寸、构件尺寸等因素的影响,采用正交表L18(37),完成了在周边简支、周边固支、多点支承三类边界条件下的结构自振理论分析研究,得到了结构频率的变化规律及对应的振型分布规律。研究表明,影响结构自振特性的主要因素依次是跨度、剪力键高度和网格尺寸;在其他条件不变的情况下,周边固支比周边简支边界情况,结构基本频率平均提高80%,通过在跨中设置点支撑变为多跨结构,其自振频率大幅提高,接近于单跨对应的简支结构;结构自由振动以竖向振动形态为主,而当阶次较高(≥500)时,可能出现水平振动形态。另外,振型频率密集,变化集中在前9个振型,随振型阶次增加,频率增幅变小。     

交错桁架结构动力特性的简化分析方法

根据交错桁架结构质量和刚度分布比较均匀的特点,构造了一个与其质量和刚度分布相近的假想结构,并给出了假想结构各阶频率和振型的简化计算公式;基于矩阵摄动理论,给出了交错桁架结构和假想结构之间质量、刚度、自振频率和振型之间的关系表达式及其系数的计算公式,采用该理论对交错桁架结构自振频率、振型及地震效应进行了算例分析。结果表明:该方法避免了迭代计算,计算工作量小,且可以计算结构的各阶自振频率和振型;用该方法计算的自振频率及振型与精确解吻合较好;高层交错桁架结构采用底部剪力法和采用振型分解反应谱法计算的结构作用效应相差明显。     

汽轮发电机组框架式基础结构振动特性试验研究及分析

本文对某火力发电厂300MW汽轮发电机组框架式基础进行缩尺比为1/8的模型振动试验,通过模型振动试验,根据相似关系换算得到原型结构的自振频率、振型和振动线位移。在模型试验测试中,分别进行了无机组设备质量工况、有机组设备质量工况和扰力点动刚度测试。对测试结果进行分析得知,机组设备质量的施加使得结构的各阶自振频率降低。使用TGFP、SAP2000和ANSYS软件建立模拟轴系影响的计算模型,进行结构的模态和稳态分析,得到了基础结构的自振频率、振型和振动线位移。计算的扰力点幅频曲线与试验结果有较好的吻合。     

Ambient vibration test and finite element modeling of tall liquid storage tanks

This paper addresses the experimental and numerical investigations of the dynamic parameters, natural frequencies and mode shapes, of fixed roof, ground supported, steel storage tanks. Three tall liquid storage tanks with aspect ratios greater than unity are considered. The considered tanks have similar height of 12.190 m and different radius of 6.095, 8.00, and 9.144 m. The effect of the aspect ratio, along with the liquid level on dynamic parameters is discussed. Finite element models of tanks are constructed using the finite element package ANSYS. The fluid-structure interaction is governed in the models. Yet, before using numerical techniques for analyzing the tank-liquid systems, they should be validated by experimental results. For this purpose, a series of ambient vibration tests are carried out to determine the natural frequencies and, if possible, the modes of the vibration. Comparison between numerical and experimental values shows good agreement. The new feature considered in the paper is the influence of roof on the natural frequencies and the modes of vibration. It is found that the influence of roof on the natural frequency of vibration of the considered tanks is negligible, while it does restrain the tank top against radial deformations and has significant effect on the mode shapes of tank.     

Dynamic analysis of combined system of framed tube and shear walls by Galerkin method using B‐spline functions

In this article, dynamic parameters (natural frequencies and mode shapes) of tall buildings that consist of framed tube and shear walls are obtained using a simple approximate method. The three‐dimensional structure is replaced by an equivalent cantilever beam, considering both bending and shear deformations. On the basis of dynamic equilibrium, the governing differential equation of motion is obtained and converted to its corresponding weak form. B‐spline functions are then utilized to approximate the weak form and to obtain the final matrix form of the problem. Finally, by applying essential boundary conditions, the natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes are calculated. To demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method, numerical examples are solved, and the results are compared with those obtained from SAP2000 computer analysis. The results show that the proposed method is efficient and accurate enough to be used in preliminary design. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于ANSYS的支撑框架结构地震反应谱分析

利用ANSYS对一斜支撑框架结构建立有限元模型并分析该结构的动力特性和地震荷载作用下的弹性响应。对该结构进行模态分析,求出前5阶的频率和模态振型,分析得出支撑框架结构的动力特性。进行结构地震反应谱分析考察地震作用下各个构件受力特点。为斜撑框架结构设计提出一些建议和结论。     

Assessment of semi-rigid connections in steel structures by modal testing

In conventional design and analysis, the common assumption is that connections of steel frames are fully rigid or frictionless pinned. However, today, the accepted notion is that the connections of members of a steel structure exhibit semi-rigid characteristics. Semi-rigid connections as well as damage cause changes in the dynamic characteristics of the structures. This study presents an investigation into the determination of the quality of the semi-rigid connections when considering changes in dynamic characteristics of steel structures. The investigations involve three scaled models: columns with box cross-sections, columns with rectangular cross-sections, and a 2D frame. The investigation algorithm first calculates natural frequencies and mode shapes from theoretical modal analyses by assuming the supports and joint connections are fully rigid. Secondly, experimental measurements on the models are performed to obtain natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratios. Thirdly, to reduce differences between theoretical and experimental results, linear elastic rotational springs are used on supports and joint connections of the analytical model. Finally, the connection percentages of both support and beam-to-column connections are determined using an approach improved depending on the rotational spring stiffness.     

悬臂系统振动特性的研究

本文研究悬臂系统,包拓悬臂弹性梁及其附带的质块的振动特性.本文首先导出了该系统频率和振型的分析表达式,并利用计算机辅助设计软件,分别讨论了质块质量及弹簧常数对系统频率的影响.上述系统的不同参数,对系统的固有频率的影响是不同的,为此我们研究了在若干特定参数下,系统固有频率对质块位置的敏感度,并得到相应的结论.     

System identification using a standard finite element program

Frequently, experimental results for scale models or for prototypes of structural systems do not produce mode shapes and natural frequencies which concur with analytical results for the same structure. An algorithm for an iterative identification process for improving structural models is described, which relates structural parameters to changes in system response by application of the Bayesian technique of probability and statistics. Revision of the structural parameters is made using expansions of differences between experimental and analytical mode shapes and frequencies. Since the revision is based on modification of partial stiffness and mass matrices of beam, membrane, and shell elements in the element library of a commonly available finite element program, a method is developed to calculate those partial matrices with the matrix generating subprograms of the finite element program itself.     

Response surface‐based finite‐element model updating of a historic masonry minaret for operational modal analysis

This study aimed to use the response surface (RS) method for finite element (FE) model updating, using operational modal analysis (OMA). The RS method was utilized to achieve better agreement between the numerical and field‐measured structure response. The OMA technique for the field study was utilized to obtain modal parameters of the selected historic masonry minaret. The natural frequencies and mode shapes were experimentally determined by the enhanced frequency domain decomposition (EFDD) method. The optimum results between the experimental and numerical analyses were found by using the optimization method. The central composite design was used to construct the design of experiments, and the genetic aggregation approach was performed to generate the RS models. After obtaining the RS models, an attempt was made to converge the natural frequency values corresponding to the five‐mode shapes with the frequency values identified by the experimental analysis. ANSYS software was used to perform 3D finite element (FE) modeling of the historic masonry minaret and to numerically identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the minaret. The results of the experimental, initial, and updated FE model were compared with each other. Significant differences can be seen when comparing the experimental and analytical results with the initial conditions.     

非公路自卸卡车驾驶室有限元分析

建立了考虑橡胶减振块的某非公路自卸卡车驾驶室三维有限元模型，进行了驾驶室的静强度分析及模态分析；得到了典型工况下的驾驶室应力分布规律和驾驶室的前10阶固有频率及振型。得出了静应力不会导致驾驶室强度破坏的结论。