I型组合梁截面的局部与整体相关屈曲

在弯扭失稳(LTB)和受压翼缘局部失稳(FLB)2种极限状态下,根据钢结构规范(AISCLRFD360-10)得到的具有紧密腹板且没有紧密翼缘或细长翼缘的I型梁截面的名义受弯承载力可能偏低。该方法的主要假设是LTB和FLB是2个独立的状态,之间无相互作用。本文采用ABAQUS建立三维有限元模型对没有紧密翼缘或细长翼缘的I型梁进行非线性分析。通过估算具有不同翼缘长细比的局部屈曲的I型组合钢梁的抗弯承载力,以验证AISC-LRFD方法的适用性。研究发现整体和局部屈曲能力相差加大,故应考虑FLB和LTB之间的相关屈曲作用;对本文给出的梁还应考虑其局部屈曲后性能。     

非弹性屈曲下蜂窝钢梁的弯矩梯度因子

蜂窝钢梁的抗弯承载力受局部和整体失稳影响。使用有限元法研究混合屈曲模式下蜂窝钢梁的非弹性性能,建立一个考虑弯扭或畸变屈曲和横截面局部化变形之间相互作用的三维的非线性有限元模型,并根据现有研究文献中的可用结果进行验证。研究包括受三种不同荷载(跨中荷载、均布荷载和端弯矩)作用的简支梁,通过参数分析,从而评估不同几何参数对蜂窝钢梁非弹性稳定性的影响。这些参数包括钢梁横截面尺寸、翼缘宽度和厚度、腹板高度和厚度、开孔的形状和间距。介绍模拟研究中考虑各种尺寸的不同屈曲模式所对应的弯矩梯度因子。研究结果有望帮助更深入地研究蜂窝钢梁的性能,并准确预测弯矩梯度因子和这种特殊钢梁的抗弯承载力。     

焊接楔形波纹腹板工字钢梁整体稳定性能研究

建立焊接楔形波纹腹板工字钢简支梁在不等端弯矩作用下的平衡微分方程,并采用有限积分法编写程序求解,提出楔形波纹腹板工字钢简支梁在不等端弯矩作用下临界弯矩的建议公式。将拟合公式计算结果与ANSYS特征屈曲分析进行比较,表明ANSYS特征屈曲分析与弹性理论吻合较好。利用ANSYS特征屈曲分析,拟合得到楔形波纹腹板工字钢简支梁和悬臂梁在6种典型荷载工况(集中荷载和均布荷载分别作用于上翼缘、剪心、下翼缘)下弹性临界弯矩的实用设计公式。在此基础上,通过ANSYS弹塑性稳定分析提出并验证楔形波纹腹板H型钢梁弹塑性稳定极限承载能力计算公式。最后进行5根楔形波纹腹板工字钢悬臂梁在自由端上翼缘单点加载的整体稳定试验,并将试验结果与ANSYS弹塑性分析结果及实用设计公式的计算结果进行对比,验证ANSYS有限元分析的合理性以及实用设计公式的可靠性。     

均布荷载下简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁弹性整体稳定性研究

采用能量法研究简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的弹性整体稳定性,推导了满跨均布荷载作用下简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的弹性临界弯矩公式,通过引入波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的等效翘曲惯性矩和绕虚轴等效惯性矩,得到均布荷载作用下简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的弹性临界弯矩表达式与普通H形截面简支钢梁形式相同。采用有限元方法对均布荷载作用下简支波浪腹板H形钢梁进行模拟分析,与本文公式计算结果对比验证了所提公式准确有效。均布荷载作用下不同参数简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的有限元分析表明,简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的弹性临界弯矩大于平腹板H形截面钢梁;随着波浪腹板波幅的增大、翼缘宽度和翼缘厚度的增大,简支波浪腹板H形截面钢梁的整体稳定临界弯矩增大。     

梯形波纹腹板钢梁弹性局部剪切屈曲计算分析

与平腹板钢梁相比,梯形波纹腹板钢梁腹板局部剪切屈曲性能有所提高。弹性局部剪切屈曲是梯形波纹腹板钢梁设计计算基础,本文运用ANSYS有限元计算分析梯形波纹腹板钢梁弹性局部剪切屈曲,并与经典公式进行计算对比,发现经典公式计算值与ANSYS有限元计算结果存在较大偏差。由于存在"手风琴效应",腹板承担的弯矩相对较小,以致在腹板局部剪切屈曲计算中通常被忽视,这种方法是否适用于所有梯形波纹腹板钢梁及其所造成的计算偏差值得研究。本文从荷载条件、波折角大小、腹板尺寸以及翼缘尺寸等方面对影响梯形波纹腹板弹性局部剪切屈曲的因素进行计算分析。分析表明,上述影响因素与腹板弯矩相关,而腹板弯矩的存在将影响腹板弹性局部剪切屈曲。     

复合荷载作用下钢梁弯扭屈曲临界弯矩研究

基于由完备的复合荷载作用下钢梁弯扭屈曲总势能方程推导的平衡微分方程,采用Galerkin法推导了考虑横向荷载作用点高度和横截面不对称参数的复合荷载作用下钢梁弯扭屈曲临界弯矩的计算式,建立了等效弯矩系数的计算理论。依据等效弯矩系数的计算理论确定了7种常见工况的等效弯矩系数理论计算式并给出了6种特殊工况的Cb实用计算式,从Cb计算式的计算精度、适用范围和形式三个方面对国内外文献的Cb计算式进行对比,验证了等效弯矩系数理论的正确性并提出了Cb计算式的选用准则,最后通过2个数值算例验证了复合荷载作用下钢梁临界弯矩Mcr计算式的正确性和Cb计算式选用准则的合理性。结果表明：考虑了横向荷载作用点高度和横截面不对称参数的复合荷载作用下钢梁弯扭屈曲临界弯矩的计算式形式简单、物理意义明确且便于计算;Cb实用计算式的适用范围广且精度高;等效弯矩系数的选用准则合理、有效。     

加强上翼缘单轴对称工字型双跨连续钢梁整体稳定性分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了加强上翼缘单轴对称工字型双跨连续钢梁的有限元分析模型,针对集中荷载作用下的双跨连续钢梁的整体稳定性,进行了特征值屈曲分析.结果表明:双跨连续钢梁临界荷载值远高于相应简支钢梁的临界荷载值,双跨连续钢梁的整体稳定性受跨中集中荷载比的影响较大.     

加强上翼缘单轴对称工字型双跨连续钢梁整体稳定性分析

本文利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了加强上翼缘单轴对称工字型双跨连续钢梁的有限元分析模型,针对集中荷载作用下的双跨连续钢梁的整体稳定性,进行了特征值屈曲分析。结果表明:双跨连续钢梁临界荷载值远高于相应简支钢梁的临界荷载值,双跨连续钢梁的整体稳定性受跨中集中荷载比的影响较大。     

双跨连续钢梁整体稳定性研究

为了便于计算双跨工字型连续钢梁的弹性临界弯矩,基于各种荷载形式下简支钢梁的临界弯矩计算公式,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对双轴对称工字型两跨连续钢梁与相应简支钢梁的临界弯矩进行了分析对比,拟合出了双跨连续钢梁临界弯矩的修正系数,得出了双轴对称工字型双跨连续钢梁的临界弯矩计算公式。     

连续开孔实腹梁整体稳定性计算方法

为研究腹板开孔H型钢梁在纯弯荷载作用下的整体稳定性,采用翼缘和腹板刚度分离的方法,从理论上推导出带有连续正方形孔洞的H型钢梁的抗侧刚度、自由扭转刚度和翘曲刚度计算方法,得到其弯扭屈曲临界弯矩表达式。利用有限元软件ABAQUS对相同截面不同跨度的H型钢实腹梁在纯弯荷载作用下的弯扭屈曲临界弯矩进行分析,并将有限元模拟结果和规范计算结果进行对比。采用经验证的有限元模型对带有连续正方形孔洞的H型钢梁进行分析,并将有限元模拟结果与推导公式的计算结果进行对比。以现有规范为基础,推导出带有连续正方形孔洞的H型钢梁的弯扭屈曲临界弯矩实用计算公式。结果表明:连续开孔梁实用计算公式具有较高的精确度。     

Lateral buckling resistance of inelastic I-beams under off-shear center loading

Lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) strength of steel I-beams subjected to moment gradient loading is scaled by the moment gradient factor, C_b. The C_b factor depends on the non-uniformity of moment diagram, the height of the applied transverse loads within the unbraced length and end conditions. Generally, the C_b factors given by codes have been derived from elastic LTB analysis theory. However, the same C_b factors are used for beams that buckle inelastically. This paper develops a three dimensional finite element model using ANSYS for the inelastic nonlinear flexural-torsional analysis of I-beams and uses it to investigate the effects of unbraced length and central off-shear center loading (located at center, top flange and bottom flange) on the moment gradient factor in inelastic behavioral zone. It is found that the C_b factors given by AISC-LRFD in Specification for structural steel buildings (AISC 360-05) and Structural Stability Research Council Guidelines are not accurate for the point load cases applied at center and bottom flange in which I-beam buckles inelastically. It is seen also that the AISC-LRFD flexural resistance equations overestimate the actual moment capacity of inelastic I-beams under moment gradient. Therefore, a simple equation is proposed to be used instead of the code equation in inelastic zone for the investigated load cases in this paper.     

Elastic lateral-torsional buckling of tapered I-girder with corrugated webs

This paper deals with the elastic lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) strength of tapered I-girders with corrugated webs under two types of loading conditions: uniform moment and moment gradient with various end restraint conditions. A finite element (FE) program using beam elements is developed to study LTB behaviors. The results from this program are compared with those from the commercial software ABAQUS using shell elements. From the comparisons, it is found that the developed FE program’s results agree well with the results from ABAQUS. For design purpose, the closed-form equations for the critical buckling moment of the tapered I-girder with corrugated webs under uniform moment and moment gradient with four types of end restraint conditions: simply supported, warping fixed, lateral bending fixed, and completely fixed are proposed based on the results from the developed FE program. From the numerical investigations, the new design equations give reasonably accurate results. These equations increase efficiency in bridges and buildings design.     

复合荷载作用下钢梁弯扭屈曲的临界弯矩: (Ⅱ)系数计算及数值算例

基于平面外4种边界约束条件简支钢梁在满跨均布荷载、跨中对称集中荷载和端弯矩作用下,以及平面外4种边界约束条件固支钢梁在满跨均布荷载、跨中对称集中荷载作用下的Mcr三系数(C1,i、C2,i、C3,i)计算式,计算了典型单一荷载工况的Mcr三系数数值,给出了横向荷载与端弯矩共同作用简支钢梁以及横向荷载两两共同作用固支钢梁的复合弯矩系数Cb计算式,通过数值算例验证了本文Mcr三系数和复合弯矩系数计算式的精度。最后对比了本文的Mcr三系数数值与EN 1999 1 1: 2007和ENV 1993 1 1: 1992中单一荷载的Mcr三系数数值,校验了“4M”等效弯矩系数计算式对简支钢梁、固支钢梁的适用性。结果表明：对于除平面外边界约束条件为R R(平面外两端简支且约束转动)外的单轴或双轴对称截面简支钢梁以及双轴对称截面固支钢梁,单一荷载的Mcr三系数的数值或计算式以及复合弯矩系数计算式均具有较高精度;EN 1999 1 1: 2007和ENV 1993 1 1: 1992中部分工况的C2,i和C3,i不精确;现有“4M”等效弯矩系数计算式仅能用于计算平面内外简支钢梁的Cb或C1,i。     

Lateral-torsional buckling of I-girders with discrete torsional bracings

Discrete torsional bracing systems are widely used in practice to increase the lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) strength of I-girders. However, only limited studies are available on the LTB strength of I-girders with mid-span torsional bracing. In addition, equivalent continuous brace stiffness concept is adopted for general discrete torsional bracing problems. This article presents an analytical solution for LTB strength and stiffness requirements of I-girders with discrete torsional bracings under a uniform bending condition. Firstly, the critical moment and torsional stiffness requirement are derived by using an energy method for an arbitrary number of bracing points. The proposed equations are then compared with the results of finite element analyses and those obtained by previous researchers. From the results, it is found that the proposed solutions agree well with the results of finite element analyses regardless of the number of bracing points, while the results for the equivalent continuous brace stiffness concept are not suitable for multiple discrete torsionally braced beams. Finally, reduced formula for the total stiffness requirement is proposed for the purpose of design, and effects of linear moment gradient loading and geometric imperfections on critical moments and stiffness requirement are also observed.     

弯矩梯度下梯形波纹板Ⅰ形梁的弯矩修正系数

研究弯矩梯度和不同端部约束条件下,梯形波纹板Ⅰ形梁的弯矩修正系数。通过使用梁单位有限元法得到弯矩修正系数,并给出梯形波纹板I形梁横截面特性的一般公式和一个新的翘曲常数。通过与采用壳单元的商业有限元软件给出的结果进行对比证实了弯矩修正系数理论结果的有效性。对波纹尺寸和长度不同的一系列有限元模型进行分析研究,结果表明,目前的弯矩修正系数公式不能很好地预测各种端部约束条件下端部弯矩不规则的梯形波纹板Ⅰ形梁的屈曲性能。为设计方便,给出弯矩修正系数的封闭表达式并成功得到验证。     

温度梯度下计算钢梁弯曲承载力计算的适应因子

适应因子提供了估计温度梯度下钢梁弯曲承载力的简单方法。欧洲的钢结构设计规范中介绍了火灾情况适应因子的应用。由于其他结构或非结构构件进行局部防火保护时,钢或混凝土组合梁内通常会出现温度梯度。当无保护的钢截面存在任何温度梯度时,欧洲规范规定适应因子取值0.7,在同样火灾情况下对有保护的梁适应因子取值0.85,这些值被用于提高钢梁的计算弯曲承载力,此时假定横截面温度均匀。有关适应因子的文献很少。本文对在火灾中,按照欧规对钢梁在不均匀温度场中适应因子的设计取值进行验算。通过各种温度梯度情况的数值计算,对其在钢或混凝土组合梁结构一般情况下的应用进行了研究。并对规范所采纳的适应因子值的稳定性进行讨论并给出了推荐值。     

Adaptation factor for moment capacity calculation of steel beams subject to temperature gradient

Adaptation factors provide a simple means to estimate the moment capacity of a steel beam subject to temperature gradient. The use of adaptation factors is introduced in Eurocode for structural steel design under fire conditions. Temperature gradients arise in a steel/concrete composite beam usually as a result of the partial protection from fire by another structural or non-structural member. For a bare steel section subject to any temperature gradient, a value of 0.7 is stipulated for the adaptation factor in the Eurocode. A value of 0.85 is stipulated for protected beam under the same fire situation. These values are used to increase the steel beam’s calculated moment capacity which is based on an assumed uniform temperature of the cross-section. Literature on the use of the adaptation factors is scarce. In this paper, the value of the adaptation factor being adopted by the Eurocode for design of steel beam in fire with non-uniform temperature distribution is examined. The use of this value in the general cases of steel/concrete composite beam construction is studied by carrying out numerical computations for various temperature gradient cases. The suitability of the adaptation factor value adopted by the code is discussed and recommendations given.     

Buckling of laterally braced beams

This paper reports on thteral buckling tests of H-shaped beams unbraced or braced laterally by purlins or a sub-beam. These tested beams were subjected to uniform moment or moment gradient. The restraining effect of adjacent members, bracing effect of purlins or a sub-beam and effect of moment gradient on load carrying capacity and the post-lateral-buckling behaviour were investigated. Elastic-plastic analysis by means of the finite element method was performed to simulate the experimental behaviour. Analytical results were found to match well with experimental behaviour for the most part. Effective length factors that incorporate the effects of moment gradient, restraining, and bracing into design of H-shaped beams are discussed and proposed, based mainly on the analytical results.     

Inelastic lateral-torsional buckling capacity of corroded web opening steel beams using artificial neural networks

Steel beams are extensively used as main structural in various building infrastructures such as bridge girders. Steel structures are prone to suffer various types of damage as they get older. Corrosion may be one of the most important types of damage in ageing steel structures. In a pessimistic state, an area of opening may be created along the bottom zone of the beam's web due to corrosion. The existence of opening in the web of a beam can reduce the resistance of the beam to shear, bending or buckling. This study deals with the stability of damaged steel I-beams with web opening. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model using ABAQUS for inelastic analysis of beams has been developed to assess the effect of web opening on the lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) capacity. Artificial neural network approach has also been employed to derive empirical formula for predicting the residual ultimate LTB moment of damaged steel I-beams using obtained FE results. It is found out that the proposed formula can accurately predict ultimate capacities of doubly symmetric steel I-beams with different sizes of web opening. Hence, the results of this study can be used for better prediction of residual ultimate LTB moment of corrosion damaged girders of steel existing structures by practice engineers.