电力系统短期负荷预测的模糊神经网络方法

针对电力系统短期负荷预测问题,考虑气象因素对负荷的影响,提出了一种模糊神经网络的短期负荷预测方法,首先根据评价函数选取相似日学习样本,然后利用隶属函数对影响负荷的特征因素向量的分量进行模糊处理,采用反向传播算法,对24点每点建立一个预测模型,提高了学习效能.本方法适合在短期负荷预测中使用,具有较好的预测精度.     

Recurrent neural networks for short-term load forecasting

Forecasting the short-term load entails the construction of a model, and, using the information available, estimating the parameters of the model to optimize the prediction performance. It follows that the more closely the chosen model approximates the actual physical generating process, the higher the expected performance of the forecasting system. In this paper it is postulated that the load can be modeled as the output of some dynamic system, influenced by a number of weather, time and other environmental variables. Recurrent neural networks, being members of a class of connectionist models exhibiting inherent dynamic behavior, can thus be used to construct empirical models for this dynamic system. Because of the nonlinear dynamic nature of these models, the behavior of the load prediction system can be captured in a compact and robust representation. This is illustrated by the performance of recurrent models on the short-term forecasting of the nation-wide load for the South African utility, ESKOM. A comparison with feedforward neural networks is also given     

电力系统短期负荷预测的模糊神经网络方法

针对电力系统短期负荷预测问题 ,考虑气象因素对负荷的影响 ,提出了一种模糊神经网络的短期负荷预测方法 ,首先根据评价函数选取相似日学习样本 ,然后利用隶属函数对影响负荷的特征因素向量的分量进行模糊处理 ,采用反向传播算法 ,对 2 4点每点建立一个预测模型 ,提高了学习效能。本方法适合在短期负荷预测中使用 ,具有较好的预测精度。     

Composite modeling for adaptive short-term load forecasting

A composite load model is developed for predicting hourly electric loads 1-24 h ahead. The load model is composed of three components: the nominal load, the type load, and the residual load. The nominal load is modeled in such a way that the Kalman filter can be used, and the parameters of the model are adapted by the exponentially weighted recursive-least-squares method. The type load component is extracted for weekend load prediction and updated by an exponential smoothing method. The residual load is predicted by the autoregressive model, and the parameters of the model are estimated using the recursive-least-squares method. Test results are presented using utility data for two different years     

基于预测有效度和马尔科夫-云模型的母线负荷预测模型筛选与变权重组合预测

预测有效度与鲁棒性是母线负荷预测面临的重要课题。基于日特征相关因素选取待预测日的相似日;从待预测日母线负荷真值未知的实际出发,引入模型预测精度和预测有效度概念,研究模型有效度的转移规律,提出基于马尔科夫链和云模型的预测精度定量估计方法;基于模型综合有效度,提出组合模型筛选方法和变权重母线负荷组合预测方法。基于所提方法开发了一套母线负荷预测系统,并应用于我国某地区电网。多条母线、多时段的预测结果表明,所提方法所得预测结果的有效度高且稳定,具有预测结果准确和鲁棒性好的特点。     

一种实用的短期负荷组合预测方法

组合预测理论的发展正逐渐趋向成熟,其在电力系统负荷预测的研究与实践也逐渐增多。文中分别应用简单平均组合与最优加权组合原理,建立了短期负荷预测的组合模型。模型通过对某省负荷样本数据的分析,采用多角度选取样本,充分利用有限历史数据;同时引入多种数学模型,吸收了各模型所具有的优点。该模型具有预测精度高,建模速度快的特点。某省实际负荷数据的测试证明了模型的实用性。     

Cascaded artificial neural networks for short-term load forecasting

An application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to short-term load forecasting is presented in this paper. An algorithm using cascaded learning together with historical load and weather data is proposed to forecast half-hourly power system load for the next 24 hours. This cascaded neural network algorithm (CANNs) includes peak, minimum and daily energy prediction as additional input data for the final forecast stage. These additional input data are predicted using the first (ANNs) model. The networks are trained and tested on the electric power system of Kuwait. The absolute average forecasting error is reduced from 3.367% to 2.707% by applying CANNs as compared to the conventional ANNs. Simulation results indicate that the developed forecasting approach is effective and point to the potential of the methodology for economic applications     

Nonparametric regression based short-term load forecasting

This paper presents a novel approach to short-time load forecasting by the application of nonparametric regression. The method is derived from a load model in the form of a probability density function of load and load affecting factors. A load forecast is a conditional expectation of load given the time, weather conditions and other explanatory variables. This forecast can be calculated directly from historical data as a local average of observed past loads with the size of the local neighborhood and the specific weights on the loads defined by a multivariate product kernel. The method accuracy relies on the adequate representation of possible future conditions by historical data, but a measure to detect any unreliable forecast can be easily constructed. The proposed procedure requires few parameters that can be easily calculated from historical data by applying the cross-validation technique     

基于变分模态分解和复合变量选取的短期负荷预测

精准的短期负荷预测是实现电网精益化运行和管理重要保障,但存在短期负荷波动性强、负荷预测关键影响因素选取困难等精准预测难题。本文利用变分模态分解将原始电力负荷数据分解为多个子序列,挖掘短期负荷波动特征的同时避免模态混叠问题,提出复合变量选取算法分析筛选影响负荷波动的关键因素,有效去除预测干扰信息并进一步简化预测模型的复杂度,通过兼顾数据短期依赖和长期依赖的长短时记忆神经网络对各子序列进行预测,并将各子序列预测结果进行叠加实现最终的短期负荷预测,据此建立基于变分模态分解和复合变量选取的短期负荷预测方法。选取2019整年长沙市实际数据验证结果表明,本文提出算法在复杂外部影响因素下,能准确筛选负荷预测的关键影响因素,相比传统预测模型,提出模型结构更简单、预测精度更高。     

一种面向运行可靠性的短期负荷预测方法研究

与传统可靠性相比,电力系统运行可靠性反应的是系统短期运行行为对可靠性的影响,需建立一种面向运行可靠性的短期负荷预测模型,既能提供充裕度指标评估所需的概率模型,又能提供系统安全性评估所需的精确模型。因此,文章通过对历史气候数据进行模糊聚类,提取相似日负荷构成样本数据并进行小波分解,利用改进的PSO-RVM算法对各小波分量进行预测和叠加,以得到预测日负荷序列的均值和概率模型,仿真表明该方法预测准确率较高,可为运行可靠性充裕度、安全性评估提供负荷数据支撑。     

短期负荷预测神经网络方法比较

以某地区购网有功功率的负荷数据为背景,建立了三个BP神经网络负荷预测模型——SDBP、LMBP及BRBP模型进行短期负荷预测工作,并对其结果进行比较。针对传统的BP算法具有训练速度慢,易陷入局部最小点的缺点,采用具有较快收敛速度及稳定性的L-M优化算法进行预测,使平均相对误差有了很大改善,具有良好的应用前景。而采用贝叶斯正则化算法可以解决网络过度拟合,提高网络的推广能力,使平均相对误差和每日峰值相对误差降低,但收敛速度过慢(慢于SDBP模型),不适于在实际应用中采用。     

短期负荷预测神经网络方法比较

以某地区购网有功功率的负荷数据为背景,建立了三个BP神经网络负荷预测模型--SDBP、LMBP及BRBP模型进行短期负荷预测工作,并对其结果进行比较.针对传统的BP算法具有训练速度慢,易陷入局部最小点的缺点,采用具有较快收敛速度及稳定性的L-M优化算法进行预测,使平均相对误差有了很大改善,具有良好的应用前景.而采用贝叶斯正则化算法可以解决网络过度拟合,提高网络的推广能力,使平均相对误差和每日峰值相对误差降低,但收敛速度过慢(慢于SDBP模型),不适于在实际应用中采用.     

Feature extraction via multiresolution analysis for short-term load forecasting

The importance of short-term load forecasting has been increasing lately. With deregulation and competition, energy price forecasting has become a big business. Bus-load forecasting is essential to feed analytical methods utilized for determining energy prices. The variability and nonstationarity of loads are becoming worse, due to the dynamics of energy prices. Besides, the number of nodal loads to be predicted does not allow frequent interactions with load forecasting experts. More autonomous load predictors are needed in the new competitive scenario. This paper describes two strategies for embedding the discrete wavelet transform into neural network-based short-term load forecasting. Its main goal is to develop more robust load forecasters. Hourly load and temperature data for North American and Slovakian electric utilities have been used to test the proposed methodology.     

Machine-Learning based methods in short-term load forecasting

Short-term load forecasting is of great significance to the secure and efficient operation of power systems. However, loads can be affected by a variety of external impact factors and thus involve high levels of uncertainties. So it is a challenging task to achieve an accurate load forecast. This paper discusses three commonly-used machine-learning methods used for load forecasting, i.e., the support vector machine method, the random forest regression method, and the long short-term memory neural network method. The features and applications of these methods are analyzed and compared. By integrating the advantages of these methods, a fusion forecasting approach and a data preprocessing technique are proposed for improving the forecasting accuracy. A comparative study based on real load data is performed to verify that the proposed approach is capable of achieving a relatively higher forecasting accuracy.     

基于 VMDT-POA-DELM-GPR 的两阶段短期负荷预测

针对传统负荷预测方法精度不高的问题,为准确捕捉到负荷数据波动的规律,提出了一种两阶段负荷预测方法。第1阶段首先用变分模态分解(VMD)对原始负荷序列进行分解,得到分解处理后的残差分量,再采用时变滤波经验模态分解(TVF-EMD)方法进行特征提取;然后对全部子序列分别建立深度极限学习机(DELM)模型,同时利用鹈鹕优化算法(POA)进行参数寻优,叠加各子序列的预测值得到初始负荷预测值。第2阶段采用POA-DELM模型对误差分量进行预测;然后将第一阶段中所有子序列预测值和误差预测值作为特征输入到高斯过程回归(GPR)模型中,得到负荷最终的预测结果。结果表明,两阶段模型的均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)分别为对比模型的4%～77%、4%～76%,而平均百分比误差(MAPE)仅为0.067 8%,可有效提高电力负荷的预测精度。     

大波动地区级系统短期负荷预测方法研究

提出了针对容量较小、负荷波动较大的地区级电力系统适用的短期负荷预测方法,共分为四个步骤：①原始数据的预处理,②用模糊系统预测预测日的峰谷值,③用人工神经网络预测预测日的24h负荷值,④根据第②③步的结果用专家系统决定最终的负荷预测值。利用本文提出的方法对福建永安电力系统1999年1月至2000年6月的数据进行预测,结果证明了方法的快速性和准确性。     

大波动地区级系统短期负荷预测方法研究

提出了针对容量较小、负荷波动较大的地区级电力系统适用的短期负荷预测方法 ,共分为四个步骤 :①原始数据的预处理 ,②用模糊系统预测预测日的峰谷值 ,③用人工神经网络预测预测日的 2 4h负荷值 ,④根据第②③步的结果用专家系统决定最终的负荷预测值。利用本文提出的方法对福建永安电力系统 1999年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 6月的数据进行预测 ,结果证明了方法的快速性和准确性。     

基于遗传优化神经网络的电力系统短期负荷预测

电力系统短期负荷预测是电力系统运行管理和实时控制所必须的基本内容,预测结果的准确性对电力系统的安全、优质,经济运行具有重要意义.通过非参数预测法建立电力系统短期负荷预测模型,以此作为Elman神经网络训练的样本集,实现网络样本设计,结构设计与网络训练,充分发挥Elman神经网络动态特性,将改进的遗传算法和Elman神经网络相结合,通过选择,交叉、变异等遗传操作,实现了神经网络权值优化.采用基于遗传优化神经网络的电力系统短期负荷预测新算法,提高了负荷预报精度,具体算例证明了算法的可行性和有效性.     

基于TCN-GRU模型的短期负荷预测方法

为了进一步提高短期负荷的预测精度,为电力系统的稳定运行提供更加有力的保障,文中提出了一种将时间卷积网络(TCN)和门限循环单元(GRU)相结合的短期负荷预测方法TCN-GRU。首先,将采集的训练数据划分为时序数据和非时序数据;其次,将时序数据输入到TCN模型中以提取时序特征;然后,将提取出来的时序特征与非时序数据组合起来输入到GRU模型中对模型进行训练;最后,利用训练好的模型实现对短期电力负荷的预测。基于广东省佛山市某行业真实负荷数据验证了TCN-GRU模型的负荷预测能力,并通过对比多种深度学习模型的预测效果,验证该模型具有更高精度的短期负荷预测能力。     

基于遗传优化神经网络的电力系统短期负荷预测

电力系统短期负荷预测是电力系统运行管理和实时控制所必须的基本内容,预测结果的准确性对电力系统的安全、优质,经济运行具有重要意义。通过非参数预测法建立电力系统短期负荷预测模型,以此作为Elman神经网络训练的样本集,实现网络样本设计、结构设计与网络训练,充分发挥Elman神经网络动态特性,将改进的遗传算法和Elman神经网络相结合,通过选择,交叉、变异等遗传操作,实现了神经网络权值优化。采用基于遗传优化神经网络的电力系统短期负荷预测新算法,提高了负荷预报精度,具体算例证明了算法的可行性和有效性。