~(99)Tc~m-AIPO的制备和初步动物实验

合成了一种新的氨基肟配体 1 氨基 3 (1 咪唑基 )丙醛肟 (1 amino 3 (1 imidazolyl) propanaloxime,AIPO) ,研究了影响99Tcm AIPO标记率的各种因素。实验结果表明 ,在最佳标记条件下 ,标记率为 (94 8± 1 6) %。标记物亲水性高 ,体外稳定性好。纸上电泳结果表明 ,99Tcm AIPO在生理条件下不带电荷。99Tcm AIPO在小鼠体内的分布实验表明 ,肾的摄取最高 (注射后 10min ,摄取率为 2 7% /g) ,滞留时间长 ;该标记物在心肌中有一定的摄取 (注射后 10min ,摄取率为1 3 % /g) ,但清除很快 ;在血 ,肝 ,肺及其他器官中只有少量摄取并很快被清除。通过分子轨道理论计算推测出其可能的结构     

99Tcm-DTPA-双(3,5-二甲氧基-4''''-氨基二苯乙烯)的制备及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

通过3,5-二甲氧基-4'-氨基二苯乙烯与DTPA双酸酐(DTPAA)反应制备了DTPA-双(3,5-二甲氧基-4'-氨基二苯乙烯),所得产品经IR、MS、1HNMR和元素分析进行结构确认;对其进行了99Tcm标记并观察了标记物在小鼠体内的分布.结果显示,标记物标记率和放化纯度均＞90%,在连续观察的6 h内,其放化纯度均＞90%,表明其稳定性良好.标记物在小鼠体内的生物分布结果显示,标记物在肝中摄取较高,注射后10 min时达到峰值13.12%/g,且滞留时间较长,注射后180 min时仍有12.07%/g;在肺和血液中清除较快,注射后5 min时分别为10.41%/g和13.50%/g,注射后180 min时则分别降至2.42和2.71%/g.这为进一步研究既能抑制癌细胞,又能对其疗效进行检测的新型放射性治疗药物提供了思路.     

~(99)Tc~m-DTPA-双(3,5-二甲氧基-4′-氨基二苯乙烯)的制备及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

通过3,5-二甲氧基-4′-氨基二苯乙烯与DTPA双酸酐(DTPAA)反应制备了DTPA-双(3,5-二甲氧基-4′-氨基二苯乙烯),所得产品经IR、MS1、HNMR和元素分析进行结构确认;对其进行了99Tcm标记并观察了标记物在小鼠体内的分布。结果显示,标记物标记率和放化纯度均>90%,在连续观察的6 h内,其放化纯度均>90%,表明其稳定性良好。标记物在小鼠体内的生物分布结果显示,标记物在肝中摄取较高,注射后10 min时达到峰值13.12%/g,且滞留时间较长,注射后180 min时仍有12.07%/g;在肺和血液中清除较快,注射后5 min时分别为10.41%/g和13.50%/g,注射后180 min时则分别降至2.42和2.71%/g。这为进一步研究既能抑制癌细胞,又能对其疗效进行检测的新型放射性治疗药物提供了思路。     

β-淀粉样蛋白斑块显像剂131 I-IMPY的合成与生物分布

为了找到合适的123I标记的脑内β淀粉样蛋白(A β)斑块的显像剂,根据文献资料,合成了2-(4′-二甲基氨基苯基)-6-三正丁基锡咪唑并[1,2-α]吡啶(IMPY),并采用双氧水标记法进行了131I标记,得到标记物131 I-IMPY,放射化学纯度大于95%.方法对合成原料和条件作了相应的改进,提高了合成的收率.正常小鼠体内分布试验表明,在注射131 I-IMPY后2 min和60 min,小鼠脑摄取率分别为(7.374±4.797)%/g和(0.967±0.409)%/g.说明131 I-IMPY在小鼠脑中初始摄取很高,清除很快.131 I-IMPY可能是一个很有发展潜力的A β斑块SPECT显像剂.     

β-淀粉样蛋白斑块显像剂~(131)I-IMPY的合成与生物分布

为了找到合适的123I标记的脑内β淀粉样蛋白(A β)斑块的显像剂,根据文献资料,合成了2-(4′-二甲基氨基苯基)-6-三正丁基锡咪唑并[1,2-α]吡啶(IMPY),并采用双氧水标记法进行了131I标记,得到标记物131 I-IMPY,放射化学纯度大于95%.方法对合成原料和条件作了相应的改进,提高了合成的收率.正常小鼠体内分布试验表明,在注射131 I-IMPY后2 min和60 min,小鼠脑摄取率分别为(7.374±4.797)%/g和(0.967±0.409)%/g.说明131 I-IMPY在小鼠脑中初始摄取很高,清除很快.131 I-IMPY可能是一个很有发展潜力的A β斑块SPECT显像剂.     

Aβ显像剂SUP>99/SUP>TcSUP>m

制备了新的Aβ斑块显像剂99Tcm-酰胺基氨基二硫醇(MAMA)-4-氨基-4′-二甲氨基联苯(DMABP),并研究了其在正常小鼠体内的生物分布。实验结果表明,99Tcm-MAMA-DMABP具有较高的初始脑摄取,较快的正常脑组织清除,尾静脉注射后2 min的脑摄取达0.88%/g,2 min与60 min的脑摄取率比值为2.8。     

~(99)Tc~m-DTPA-Gd的制备及其生物学分布

应用99Tcm标记顺磁对比剂Gd-DTPA并研究其生物学分布特性。99Tcm在氯化亚锡还原下一步法标记Gd-DTPA,采用薄层纸层析法(TLC)分析标记率大于98%,室温放置6 h内放化纯稳定。三氯乙酸沉淀法测得99Tcm-DTPA-Gd在家兔血浆中的蛋白结合率为(3.80±0.25)%。正常昆明小鼠体内分布实验显示,注射99Tcm-DTPA-Gd后1 min血液的放射性摄取为(14.79±9.77)%ID/g,肾脏的摄取为(26.02±8.50)%ID/g;心、肝、脾和肺有少量分布,脑组织分布最少(1%ID/g);注射99Tcm-DTPA-Gd 30～60 min后多数脏器的滞留小于1%ID/g。正常成年家兔注射99Tcm-DTPA-Gd后采用肾动态显像模式观察60 min内的分布和排泄,显示99Tcm-DTPA-Gd主要经肾脏排泄,摄取高峰时间约为5～10 min,半排时间约为10～20 min,其它脏器无特异性滞留。     

131I-epidepride的制备与SD大鼠体内分布特性研究

采用双氧水标记法和氯胺 -T法进行13 1I -epidepride标记 ,考察标记物的纯度及稳定性 ,并进行SD大鼠体内分布特性研究。实验结果表明 ,双氧水法和氯胺 -T法标记率分别为 97.4 %和 5 2 .9%。标记物的生理盐水溶液室温放置 4h ,放化纯大于 90 %。大鼠静脉注射13 1I -epide pride的生理盐水溶液后 ,纹状体与小脑比值在注射后 32 0min时高达 2 37:1。13 1I -epidepride进入血液后很快被组织摄取 ,其中以肺的早期摄取最高 (2 .11± 1.0 5 ) %ID·g- 1,各脏器的清除均较快 (T1/2 <4h) ,甲状腺的摄取率随时间的延长而增加。     

^99Tc^m-DTPA-双（3，5-二甲氧基-4＇-氨基二苯乙烯）的制备及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

通过3，5-二甲氧基-4’-氨基二苯乙烯与DTPA双酸酐（DTPAA）反应制备了DTPA-双（3，5-二甲氧基-41-氨基二苯乙烯），所得产品经IR、MS、^1HNMR和元素分析进行结构确认；对其进行了^99Tc^m-标记并观察了标记物在小鼠体内的分布。结果显示，标记物标记率和放化纯度均〉90％，在连续观察的6h内，其放化纯度均〉90％，表明其稳定性良好。标记物在小鼠体内的生物分布结果显示，标记物在肝中摄取较高，注射后10min时达到峰值13．12％／g，且滞留时间较长，注射后180min时仍有12．07％／g；在肺和血液中清除较快，注射后5min时分别为10．41％／g和13．50％／g，注射后180min时则分别降至2．42和2．71％／g。这为进一步研究既能抑制癌细胞，又能对其疗效进行检测的新型放射性治疗药物提供了思路。     

苯甲酰胺类多巴胺D2受体显像剂18F-Fallypride的制备和生物分布

以(s)-(-)-N-(1-烯丙基吡咯烷-2-氨基甲基)-5-(3-磺酰基)-2-3-二甲氧基苯甲酰胺为氟标记前体,用K222催化进行氟标记,合成了(s)-(-)-N-(1-烯丙基吡咯烷-2-氨基甲基)-5-(3-18F)-2,3-二甲氧基苯甲酰胺(18F-Fallypride).考察标记物的放化纯度及稳定性,并进行ICR小鼠体内分布特性研究.结果显示,18F-Fallypride 的放化产率为40.75%,合成时间40 mim,放化纯度大于97%,标记物的生理盐水溶液室温放置4 h,放化纯大于95%.小鼠静脉注射18F-Fallypride后120 min,纹状体/小脑高达14.27.18F-Fallypride进入血液后很快被组织摄取,其中以肾的早期摄取最高(9.91±1.24)%ID-g-1,各脏器的清除均较快(T1/2＜1 h),骨的摄取率随时间的延长而增加.     

Transport properties of U0.7Ce0.3O2 − x

We have determined a number of transport properties of $\text{U}{}_{0.7}\text{Ce}{}_{0.3}\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{2-x}}$ at 1273 K for various deviations from stoichiometry and compared them with available results on $\text{(UPu)O}{}_{\mathrm{2\; ?\; x}}$. They are: the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, effective charge number and chemical diffusion coefficient.A very characteristic behaviour is observed for the electronic properties of $\text{(UCe)O}{}_{\mathrm{2\; ?\; x}}$. A p-type conduction for all the studied deviations from stoichiometry (up to $\text{x = 3 × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?2}}$) is interpreted in terms of a high electronic disorder in the stoichiometric compound. Electronic disorder at stoichiometry is probably less important in $\text{(UPu)O}{}_{\mathrm{2\; ?\; x}}$, which presents a sharp p-n transition at $\text{x = 5 × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}$.Ionic transport properties obtained on $\text{(UCe)O}{}_{\mathrm{2\; ?\; x}}$ indicate an approximate proportionality between the ionic conductivity resulting from oxygen ions transport and the deviation from stoichiometry. Results available on $\text{(UPu)O}{}_{\mathrm{2\; ?\; x}}$ do not appear to be compatible with ours and some arguments are presented which cast doubt on their validity.     

Equi-chemical-potential curves in ternary uranium oxides MyU1−yO2+x

Using Schuhmann's method the chemical potentials of three components in nonstoichiometric ternary uranium oxides $\text{M}{}_{\mathrm{y}}\text{U}{}_{\mathrm{1?y}}\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{2+x}}$(M = Mg and Pu) have been calculated. The obtained results are shown in the form of equi-chemical-potential curves (surface of partial molar free energy) in the composition triangle. In the hypostoichiometric region the contour lines of the surface are dense and run parallel with each other. Taking account of this fact the difficulty in attainment of homogeneity in the fabrication of mixed oxide fuel is discussed.     

Structural characterization of Nd-doped Hf-zirconolite Ca1−xNdxHfTi2−xAlxO7 ceramics

Because of its high incorporation capacity and of the high thermal neutron capture cross-section of hafnium, Hf-zirconolite (CaHfTi₂O₇) ceramic can be envisaged as a potential waste form for minor actinides (Np, Am, Cm) and plutonium immobilization. In this work, Nd-doped Hf-zirconolite Ca_1−xNd_xHfTi_2−xAl_xO₇ (x = 0; 0.01 and 0.2) ceramics have been prepared by solid state reaction. Neodymium has been used as trivalent actinide surrogate. The ceramic samples structure has been studied by X-ray diffraction and refined by the Rietveld method. This revealed that Nd³⁺ ions only enter the Ca site, whereas part of Hf⁴⁺ ions substitute titanium into Ti(1) sites and Al³⁺ ions mainly occupy the Ti(2) split sites and Ti(3) sites of the zirconolite structure. Using various spectroscopic techniques (electron spin resonance, optical absorption and fluorescence), the environment of Nd³⁺ cations in Hf-zirconolite has been studied and compared with that of Nd³⁺ cations in Zr-zirconolite (CaZrTi₂O₇). Different local environments of Nd³⁺ cations have been detected in Hf-zirconolite that can be attributed to the existence of an important disorder around Nd in the Ca site probably due to the statistical occupancy of the next nearest cationic site of neodymium (a split Ti site) by Ti⁴⁺, Al³⁺ cations and vacancies. No significant differences were observed concerning Nd³⁺ cations environment and distribution in Hf- and Zr-zirconolite ceramics.     

Phase relation and defect structures of nonstoichiometric U4O9±y and UO2+x at high temperatures

Phase relations in the composition range from $\text{UO}{}_{\mathrm{2+x}}$ to $\text{U}{}_3\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{8?z}}$ were studied by electrical-conductivity measurements and X-ray diffraction in the ranges $\text{1025°C ? T ? 1140°C}$ and . The plot of log σ versus log showed straight lines with distinct slopes, which corresponded to four regions ($\text{UO}{}_{\mathrm{2+x}}$, $\text{U}{}_4\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{9?y}}$, $\text{U}{}_4\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{9+y}}$ and $\text{U}{}_3\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{8?z}}$). The existence of the hyperstoichiometric $\text{U}{}_4\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{9+y}}$ phase was suggested in the temperature range from 1025 to 1126°C. The peritectoid temperature ($\text{U}{}_4\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{9\pm y}}\text{= UO}{}_{\mathrm{2+x}}\text{+ U}{}_3\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{8?z}}$) was estimated to be present between 1126 and 1131°C. The partial free enthalpies and entropies for the two-phase equilibrium ($\text{U}{}_4\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{9+y}}\text{+ U}{}_3\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{8?z}}$, and $\text{U}{}_4\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{9?y}}\text{+ UO}{}_{\mathrm{2+x}}$) were calculated and compared with previous results. From the dependence of the electrical conductivity on the oxygen partial pressure the nonstoichiometric defect structures of $\text{UO}{}_{\mathrm{2+x}}$ and $\text{U}{}_4\text{O}{}_{\mathrm{9\pm y}}$ were interpreted as consisting of doubly charged oxygen interstitials (O_i'') and doubly charged oxygen vacancies (V_O''). At room temperature, the homogeneity range of the U₄O₉ phase was investigated with a Debye-Scherrer camera.     

Neutron production cross sections and energies for the reactions 7Li(p,n)7Be and 7Li(p,n)7Be1

Center-of-mass best values for the normalized Legendre coefficients and the 0° differential cross sections as functions of input energy have been derived from various experimental results for the reactions ⁷Li(p,n)⁷Be and ${}^7\text{Li}\text{(p,n)}{}^7\text{Be}{}^1$ (431 keV). This information has been used to calculate laboratory differential cross sections as functions of the laboratory proton energy and neutron emission angle which are given in tabular form together with the corresponding neutron energies.     

Effects of ion irradiation on the mechanical properties of SiNawOxCyHz sol-gel derived thin films

A study of the effects of ion irradiation of hybrid organic/inorganic modified silicate thin films on their mechanical properties is presented. NaOH catalyzed SiNa_wO_xC_yH_z thin films were synthesized by sol-gel processing from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) precursors and spin-coated onto Si substrates. After drying at 300 °C, the films were irradiated with 125 keV H⁺ or 250 keV N²⁺ at fluences ranging from 1 × 10¹⁴ to 2.5 × 10¹⁶ ions/cm². Nanoindentation was used to characterize the films. Changes in hardness and reduced elastic modulus were examined as a function of ion fluence and irradiating species. The resulting increases in hardness and reduced elastic modulus are compared to similarly processed acid catalyzed silicate thin films.     

Damage creation in ion irradiated Si1−xGex/Si structures

Strained SiGe/Si structures have been proposed as substrates for fabrication of high speed metal oxide semiconductor transistors. However, influence of strain and/or presence of Ge atoms on damage creation during ion irradiation have not been explored to a significant extent. In this study, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) was used to characterize Si_1−xGe_x/Si structures irradiated by 140 keV He⁺ ions at room temperature. When compared with pure Si, strained samples show enhanced damage accumulation as a function of He fluence. Channeling angular scans did not reveal any specific configuration of displacements. Possible mechanisms for enhanced damage in strained Si are discussed.     

Investigations on UAlx-Al dispersion fuels for high-flux reactors

The paper outlines the preparation of $\text{UAl}{}_{\mathrm{x}}\text{-Al}$ dispersion fuel plates for thermal high-flux reactors. The work described includes the preparation of UAl₂, UAl₃ and UAl₄ compounds by induction melting and their processing to Al-clad fuel plates using the picture-frame technique. Induction melting in alumina crucibles and subsequent homogenisation can be used to produce relatively homogeneous $\text{UAl}{}_{\mathrm{x}}$ compounds. After comminution to a predetermined size range and blending with Al, the pressed compacts can be rolled into Al-clad fuel plates. UAl₃ and UAl₂ compounds react with Al forming UAl₄. The reactions begin at about 673 K, and have an activation energy of 52.6 and 42.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The measured properties of the dispersions and UAl-phases such as thermal expansion, thermal and electrical conductivity, tensile strength, microhardness and hot hardness are affected by the concentration of the dispersed phase and can be explained in the light of existing theoretical models. Due to its potential as a high-flux reactor fuel with higher uranium content the preparation and properties of UAl₂-Al dispersions as well as the preliminary data about their stability under irradiation may be of particular interest.     

Statistical thermodynamic study of the ternary compounds ThXyHx (X = C,N;y < 1;x < 2)

The stability and the nature of bonding in hypostoichiometric ThH₂, hcp ThC_0.46H_x and fcc ThN_yH_x (y = 0.486 and 0.692) are studied on the basis of statistical thermodynamics. The discussions are made in terms of the atomic partition function of H in these condensed phases and of the interaction energy terms. It is concluded that the nature of bonding in ThN_yH_x is approximately the same as that in ThH₂. On the other hand, the nature of bonding in ThC_yH_x is found to be significantly different from that in ThH₂.     

Wavelengths and classifications of emission lines due to 2s22pn−2s2pn + 1 and 2s2pn−2pn + 1 transitions, Z ≤ 28

Tables of wavelengths and classifications of observed emission lines due to 2s²2pⁿ?2s2p^{n + 1} and 2s2pⁿ?2p^{n + 1} transitions are presented. The accuracy of data derived from different experimental methods is discussed. Revised and predicted wavelengths are added. Energy levels are derived from the wavelength data.