Adaptive mobility anchor point to reduce regional registration and packets delivery costs

MIPv6 (Mobile IPv6) has been developed as macro-mobility management protocol to support mobility of MUs (mobile users) over the Internet. Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) has been developed as micro-mobility management protocol. There are many other mobility management protocols proposed so far like Fast Mobile IPv6, Proxy Mobile IPv6, Optimal Choice of Mobility management, and Fast Proxy Mobile IPv6. These are based on MIPv6 and HMIPv6 and have their own advantages and limitations. These protocols do not consider the fixed mobility pattern of MUs. Many MUs have fixed mobility pattern on daily basis and there is scope of further reduction in regional registration cost. We propose an AMAP (Adaptive Mobility Anchor Point) to minimize the regional registration cost and packet delivery cost in IPv6 networks. The AMAP is a special mobility anchor point which is selected based on the activity rate (ARate) of MUs.     

Mobility label based network: Hierarchical mobility management and packet forwarding architecture

Scalability of the network layer mobility management solution is one of the most important requirements for the mobility control plane. Mobility Label Based Network (MLBN) is a new approach to the network layer mobility management problem that relies solely on MPLS to provide both macro- and micro-mobility for IPv4 and IPv6 mobile hosts and routers. This new approach does not rely on the existing IP mobility management protocols such as Mobile IP and is based on the combination of Multi-Protocol BGP (MP-BGP) and MPLS. In the context of the MLBN the scalable control plane should be capable of efficient Mobility Label distribution while allowing the MPLS-based forwarding plane to deliver mobile traffic in an optimal manner. This paper presents a hierarchical mobility management system capable of both macro- and micro-mobility support without the use of Mobile IP and its derivatives and allows scalable Mobility Label distribution and MPLS label stack based packet forwarding in support of optimal traffic delivery between the communicating mobile users.     

Comprehensive performance evaluation of distributed and dynamic mobility routing strategy

In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive performance study of distributed and dynamic mobility management (DDMM). DDMM presents a new architectural paradigm for a sustainable mobile networking against an ever-increasing amount of Internet data traffic, providing IP mobility management with distributed deployment of mobility anchors and dynamic activation when mobility is needed. Such a distributed mobility management concept is generally and intuitively accepted in terms of effective distribution of mobile traffic when compared with centralized mobility management (CMM) approaches. Nevertheless, the routing strategy of DDMM has not yet been properly examined through performance studies, and especially the impact of potential mobility routing strategies on the user plane is an open question. We perform a mathematical analysis of DDMM and present numerical results aiming to identify in which conditions, by which factors, and how much, DDMM improves mobility performance. For comparison, Mobile IPv6, Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6), and PMIPv6 localized routing (PMIPv6-LR) were considered as representative IP mobility protocols following CMM approaches. Analytical results demonstrate that DDMM generally achieves higher performance when compared with CMM-based protocols in terms of packet delivery cost, tunneling overhead, and throughput, but specific performance varies in function of multiple input parameters.     

分层移动IP网络的自适应移动性管理

移动IP(mobile IP,MIP)使主机在移动过程中不需改变IP地址便可连续访问Internet,其主要缺点是主机在移动过程中需要频繁地进行绑定更新,产生的信令开销较大。为降低移动IPv6的信令开销,IETF(Internet engineering task force)提出了分层移动IPv6(hierarchical mobile IPv6,HMIPv6)协议。基于HMIPv6,提出了一种自适应的分层移动性管理方案。这种方案采用模糊逻辑,根据移动主机的移动次数及移动性管理代价,动态选取MAP(mobility anchor point)并调整MAP区域所管辖的接入路由器个数。仿真分析表明,所提出的方案的代价优于固定MAP区域的移动性管理方案。     

Mobile networking through Mobile IP

Mobile IP is a proposed standard protocol that builds on the Internet Protocol by making mobility transparent to applications and higher level protocols like TCP. Mobile IP (RFC 2002) is a standard proposed by a working group within the Internet Engineering Task Force; it allows the mobile node to use two IP addresses: a fixed home address and a care-of address that changes at each new point of attachment. The article presents the Mobile IP standard in moderate technical detail and points the reader toward a wealth of further information. Is also describes how Mobile IP will change with IP version 6, the product of a major effort within the IETF to engineer an eventual replacement for the current version of IP. Although IPv6 will support mobility to a greater degree than IPv4, it will still need Mobile IP to make mobility transparent to applications and higher level protocols such as TCP. There is a great deal of interest in mobile computing and apparently in Mobile IP as a way to provide for it. A quick Web search for items related to Mobile IP returned over 60,000 hits-impressive even given the notorious lack of selectivity for such procedures. Mobile IP forms the basis either directly or indirectly of many current research efforts and products. The Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD), for example, has created a widely deployed communications infrastructure based on a previous draft specification of the protocol. In addition, most major router vendors have developed implementations for Mobile IP     

Mobility management for IP-based next generation mobile networks: Review, challenge and perspective

IP Mobility management protocols are divided into two kinds of category: host-based and network-based mobility protocol. The former category, such as MIPv6 protocol and its enhancements (e.g., HMIPv6 and FMIPv6), supports the mobility of a Mobile Node (MN) to roam across network domains. This is done through the involvement of MN in the mobility-related signalling, which requires protocol stack modification and IP address changes on the MN. The latter category, such as PMIPv6 protocol, handles mobility management on behalf of the MN thereby enabling it to connect and roam within localized domains, which requires neither protocol stack modification nor IP address change of the MN. PMIPv6 attracts attention in the Internet and telecommunication societies by improving the performance of the MN's communication to fulfil the requirements of QoS for real-time services. In this article, we present IPv6 features to support mobile systems and survey the mobility management services along with their techniques, strategies and protocol categories, and elaborate upon the classification and comparison among various mobility management protocols. Furthermore, it identifies and discusses several issues and challenges facing mobility management along with an evaluation and comparison of several relevant mobility studies.     

网络层移动性管理协议浅析

随着 IPv6 全面部署的推进以及互联网和电信网的深度融合,基于全 IP 架构的移动互联网正成为下一代互联网最基本的特征之一,而全IP移动互联网的实现必须有高效的 IP 层移动性管理协议支撑。本文回顾了基于 IP 的移动性管理协议在最近 20 年的发展历程及其应用现状,比较了基于主机和基于网络的两种移动性管理协议的特征,并通过分析阐述了下一代移动互联网中移动性管理协议的重要发展方向。     

基于PMIPv6协议的QoS上下文转移方案

在IETF的NetLMM（Network-based Localized Mobility Management）工作组中,Proxy Mobile IPv6（PMIPv6）由于不需要移动节点对IP移动性的支持而引起人们的关注。基于PMIPv6框架,提出一种新的QoS上下文转移解决方案。它的优点是在移动节点执行切换的同时为实时应用提供服务质量保证。采用这种方法可以减少移动节点切换后重新发起信令建立QoS转发处理所带来的延时,减少了移动节点会话的QoS服务中断。理论分析和仿真实验表明,本方案可以显著降低实时业务切换时的延迟和开销,并且有较低的丢包率,实现了移动节点的平滑切换。     

Hierarchical Mobility Label Based Network: System model and performance analysis

Hierarchical Mobility Label Based Network (H-MLBN) is a new approach to the network layer mobility management problem that relies on MPLS-aware control plane and MPLS-based forwarding plane to provide IP mobility support for IPv4 and IPv6 mobile hosts and routers while being able to ensure optimal traffic delivery between the communicating devices. The hierarchical system is capable of both macro- and micro-mobility support without the use of Mobile IP and its derivatives thus eliminating the user and network facing performance penalties associated with triangular routing and bi-directional tunneling. This paper presents a system model and provides performance analysis for H-MLBN and compares its performance with the Mobile IP based schemes. The results indicate significant performance improvements in the forwarding plane traffic delivery as well as the control plane network update costs.     

Performance of intelligent Mobile IPv6

Mobile IP is the current standard proposed by IETF for mobility management in IP networks. Mobile node communicating with static correspondent node (CN) has been considered in previous performance studies. We propose the mobility of CN and two additional mobility combinations for Mobile IP in this paper. CN mobility causes performance degradation in an environment with frequent handoffs. A new scheme for Mobile IPv6 called Intelligent Mobile IPv6 is proposed. It is observed through simulation results that the performance of Intelligent Mobile IPv6 is better than Mobile IPv6.     

基于SIP协议的移动Internet解决方案

移动Internet是移动通信与计算机网络技术迅猛发展的产物。介绍了基于应用层的适用于多媒体实时通信的实现方案——基于SIP协议的移动性方案。首先对SIP协议以及移动性支持进行了介绍。在此基础上,与移动IP方案进行对比,分析了SIP所具有的优越性。最后提出以SIP协议为统一信令的移动Internet的设想。     

基于虚接口的移动IPv6协议的设计与实现

随着基于无线接入的IP业务应用需求不断增长,在下一代互联网中实现对移动性的支持变得越来越重要．本文介绍了在面向边缘网络接入应用的IPv6路由器原型系统中移动IPv6协议的具体实现．为了实现这一协议,文章分析了移动IPv6协议的特点,并借鉴虚拟网络（Virtual Networks）的思想提出了基于虚接口的设计和实现方岳,其主要优点是降低了协议开发的复杂度．该方法也可以用于实现其它的Internet高层协议．     

Mobile IPv6 deployments: Graph-based analysis and practical guidelines

The Mobile IPv6 protocol is a major solution to supply mobility services on the Internet. Many networking vendors have already implemented it in their operating systems and equipments. Moreover, it was recently selected to provide permanent IP addresses to end-users of WiMAX and 3GPP2. Mobile IPv6 relies on a specific router called the home agent that hides location changes of the mobile nodes from the rest of the Internet. To do so, the mobile nodes’ traffic must flow through the home agent. This mandatory deviation produces longer paths and higher communication delays.In order to solve these problems, we describe a new approach to address deployments of Mobile IPv6 based on graph theory and could be applied to any operator’s network. In particular, we use notions of centrality in graphs to quantify increases of communication distances induced by dogleg routing and identify relevant home agents locations. We evaluate this approach using real-world network topologies and show that the obtained Mobile IPv6 performance could be close to direct paths ones. The proposed algorithm is generic and can be used to achieve efficient deployments of Mobile IPv6 as well as Home Agent Migration: a new Mobile IPv6 architecture using several distributed home agents.     

移动IPV6越区切换管理模型的研究

移动IPv6为IPv6节点提供了在Internet中使用固定的家乡地址在不同子网中进行漫游通信的能力,然而当节点在网络间越区切换的时候,容易引起通信质量的下降或中断。针对标准移动IPv6和HMIPv6（层次化移动IPv6管理模型）对节点切换管理的不足,提出了一种新的越区切换管理模型方案,通过非固定的移动锚节点（MAP,Mobility Anchor Point）管理域,以及动态的MAP切换时机的选择,来达到降低切换行为的发生频率、保持切换发生时通信的连续性、使MAP负载均衡等目的。     

移动IPv6路由优化安全方案

移动IPv6为IPv6网络提供移动性支持,移动IPv6路由优化消除了移动IP中移动节点和通信对端存在的三角路由问题。但同时,移动IPv6也引入了一些安全上的威胁,其中有很大一部分是关于路由优化中的绑定更新的授权和认证问题。传统的返回可路由机制和CGA生成家乡地址的方法仍然存在安全上的问题,在CAM-DH协议的基础上进行改进,提出了一种新的增强方案,提高了安全性,优化了计算负载和报文交换性能。     

移动IPv6快速切换研究综述

基本移动IPv6协议切换过程造成的延迟无法保证实时通信业务的服务质量，人们在基本移动IPv6协议的基础上提出了各种改进的切换方案．本文介绍了目前移动IPv6快速切换方案的研究进展情况，综述了当前主要的切换方案，并对各切换方案做了深入分析和比较，最后总结并指出今后的研究方向．     

移动IPv6的路由特性分析

移动IPv6是为了使各种移动设备在下一代IP网络间实现无缝漫游而设计发展的路由协议。尽管在移动IPv4中已经解决了节点移动的问题,但由于IPv4本身的限制,它无法解决各种节点和网络移动组合的路由情况。文章在移动IPv6下,不仅对节点移动,还对网络移动的路由特性进行了分析。     

威胁移动IPv6安全性能的深入研究

移动IPv6（MIPv6）是IPv6互联网的网络层移动协议。这种协议包含了一些安全机制,比如转交地址（CoA）的迁回路由测试（RRT）。这篇论文描述了一些对迂回路由的攻击措施,并设计针对这些攻击的能动的保护措施。虽然现已有的很多成熟的移动网络协议．但是一些细节的推理仍然没有得到验证。     

移动因特网中单播移动性管理研究*

基于移动因特网的移动性管理面临新的挑战。单播移动性管理协议和算法层出不穷,目的是为了使移动节点能进行平滑切换。研究了不同种类的单播移动性管理,分析了各种方案的优缺点,并总结了进一步的研究方向。     

移动IP移动性管理技术综述*

融合型全IP网络已经成为网络发展的大趋势,采用移动IP解决无线IP网络中的移动性管理成为一种必然。移动IP v6作为网络层移动性管理的核心技术,其相关移动IP扩展技术是移动IP关于移动性管理的重要内容,但必须有更优化的微移动性管理协议处理本地移动性,层次型的移动性管理结构被大家所认同。分层移动性管理的策略对网络中位置代理的位置和层次进行规划,但是增加相应的管理机制引入切换管理愈加重要。