小波变换在人脸语音动画合成中的应用

提出了一种基于小波变换的人脸语音动画合成的平滑方法:将小波变换与数学形态学相结合,从相应音素的图像帧中提取出特征区域的边缘,实现特征点的精确定位。在此基础上进一步对相应区域进行三角剖分,通过前后两帧图像之间的变形产生中间帧,最终合成较为平滑、真实的人脸语音动画效果。     

基于汉语文本驱动的人脸语音同步动画系统

为解决动画流与语音流的同步问题,设计并实现一种人脸语音同步动画系统。将所有中文音素分为16组中文可视音素,并用输入的人脸图像合成对应的关键帧,分析输入文本得到中文可视音素序列和动画的关键帧序列,将该关键帧序列与语音流对齐,在关键帧之间插入过渡帧的同时,播放语音流和动画流,以实现人脸语音同步动画。实验结果表明,该系统能产生符合人们视觉和听觉感受的人脸语音同步动画。     

用于语音动画合成的语音特征提取和聚类技术

在基于图像的人脸语音动画合成过程中,为了保证音频帧和视频帧的精确映射关系,需要提取鲁棒的语音信号特征参数,并对特征参数聚类。本文介绍了直接从原始语音信号中提取LPC复倒谱及短时能量组成特征矢量的方法,以及对特征矢量进行聚类的方法。     

基于单字音特征提取的说话人识别方法

证实普通话可以分解为辅音音素和单元音音素通过过度音的连接,提出一种单字音特征提取方法。该方法在传统的帧特征提取基础上,对相关帧进行二次处理,得到单字语音中的多个代表帧,将代表帧进行拼接作为单字的特征矢量。这种特征提取方法能更好地表现说话人单字发音中相邻语音帧之间的连续性。仿真实验表明该方法在说话人识别系统的应用中达到较高的识别率,使识别时间进一步缩短。     

语音驱动的人脸动画研究现状综述

利用语音来驱动人脸动画,是虚拟现实（Virtual Reality）等领域重要的智能技术,近年来虚拟现实技术的飞速发展更进一步地突出了在沉浸环境下的人机自然交流的迫切需求。语音驱动的人脸动画技术能够创造出自然生动、带有情感的动画,相对于传统预设的人脸动画而言能够更好地辅助人机交互、提升用户体验。为推进该技术的智能化程度和应用,针对语音驱动人脸动画的关键问题：音视频映射,综述了逐帧分析、多帧分析和逐音素分析的映射方法,同时也梳理了多种脸部模型的思想,动画合成、情感融合、人脸动画评价的方法,及可能的研究发展方向。     

基于帧结构的语音对抗样本重点区域扰动分析

目前针对语音识别模型的对抗攻击主要是在整条语音上添加噪声,扰动范围大且引入了高频噪声.现有研究在一定程度上缩小了扰动范围,但由于语音对抗攻击需要在每帧添加扰动实现对转录结果的控制,限制了扰动范围的进一步降低.针对此问题,从帧结构的角度研究了语音识别系统中的特征提取流程,发现分帧和加窗处理决定了帧结构中重点区域的分布,即帧内各采样点上添加扰动的重要性受采样点所处位置的影响.首先,根据对输入特征的扰动分析结果进行区域划分;然后,为了量化这些采样点对求解对抗样本的重要性,提出了对抗样本空间度量方法和相应的评价指标,并设计了在帧内不同区间上添加扰动的交叉实验,进而确定了扰动添加的重点区域;最后,在多个模型上进行了广泛的实验,表明了在重点区域添加对抗扰动能够缩小扰动范围,为高质量语音对抗样本的生成提出新的角度.     

自监督聚类重训练的语音表示学习

现有的基于重建的自监督预训练方法往往通过对语音帧的还原重建进行训练,未充分利用语音帧包含的音素信息.因此,文中结合自监督学习方法与噪声学生训练,提出基于自监督聚类重训练的语音表示学习方法.基于一个初始的语音表示模型(教师模型),利用无监督聚类得到音素类别伪标签.结合伪标签预测任务与重构任务,重新训练表示模型(学生模型).将学生模型作为新的教师模型,借助聚类与重训练,不断优化伪标签与语音表示模型.对比实验表明,经过聚类重训练后,语音表示模型在音素识别和说话人识别两项下游任务上均优于聚类重训练前的模型,性能较优.     

一个基于SAPI5.0的中文语音动画系统

在已经实现了“一个MPEG－4 兼容的人脸动画系统”和基于KD2000的“一个MPEG－4兼容的语音动画系统”的基础上，又设计并实现了一个基于SPI5．0的中文语音动画系统”。该文介绍该系统的设计思想和实现技术，包括定义中文可视音素，得到中文可视音素，估算可视音素的持续时间，处理表情标签，语音与动画同步等，语音动画系统在普通微机上就能够产生带有表情的高质量的语音动画。     

基于mel标度频谱和音素分割的汉语语音单词端点检测方法

利用语音声学信号的频谱分析来寻找连续语音信号帧的分割点,再结合音素分割方法,成功的提高了分割精度。实验表明mel标度频谱法比传统的以信号的短时能量,过零率等简单特征作为判决特征参数的语音端点检测方法更适合语音的分割。     

汉语语音同步的三维口型动画研究

针对汉语的发音习惯以及语音可视化技术中对口型动画自然、连续的要求,提出了一种基于肌肉模型与协同发音模型的与语音保持同步的口型动画的方法.首先,根据汉语发音时的口型视位特征将声、韵母音素归类,并用数据映射的方式合成与之对应的口型关键帧.通过分析输入的文本信息,合成与语音保持同步的三维人脸口型动画.为了解决汉语发音习惯的问题,设计了一种基于微分几何学描述的协同发音建模的方法,该方法通过分析相邻音子间视素的影响权重,可以产生符合汉语发音习惯的口型动画.最后,通过实验对比和分析,该方法产生的口型动画更为逼真,且符合汉语发音的习惯.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.