汽车仪表板横梁系统固有振动特性研究

测量了横梁系统在车身安装状态下的固有振动特性,并通过有限元计算得出横梁系统的模态参数,结果确定了横梁系统刚度较差的原因与横梁骨架和车身前围板刚度不足有关;然后基于有限元模型分析了横梁系统主要零件的板厚对固有频率、质量的灵敏度,发现不同零件对横梁系统的固有频率和质量影响程度存在差异;最后在OptiStruct中建立数学模型并优化零件板厚,使横梁系统总质量、固有频率和刚度之间得到了较好的平衡,改善了横梁系统的固有振动特性。     

扭转刚度测试方法及对构架疲劳强度影响

根据构架在线路运行中的扭曲状态和标准JIS E 4207：2004《铁路车辆-转向架-转向架构架设计通则》中规定的构架扭转刚度测试方法提出改进的刚度测试方法,新的测试方法简单且实用性较强,误差有效地控制在7%之内。构架根据结构设计形式的不同分为管梁型构架及箱梁型构架。利用新的扭转刚度测试方法分别对管梁型构架及箱梁型构架进行扭转刚度测试,同时理论分析两种类型构架扭转刚度不同的原因。利用ANSYS仿真分析软件对两种类型的转向架构架进行仿真分析,得出：构架扭转刚度的大小主要取决于测量的横截面积及横梁的结构形式,管梁型结构构架扭转刚度小于箱梁型结构构架的扭转刚度;在构架受扭转变形影响较大的区域,如横梁与侧梁的连接位置,由于箱梁型构架扭转模态频率较高,其动应力幅值较管梁型构架要小。     

轮力传感器及其在汽车道路试验中的应用

汽车轮力传感器串接在轮胎轮辋和车桥轮毂之间，用于在汽车实车道路试验和室内台架试验时测量由地面或激振器作用于轮胎的六分力。轮力传感器研制的关键技术包括可靠且准确的信号和能量传输、信号的解耦、强度和结构安装要求等。详细介绍了轮力传感器的研究进展、设计原理、性能评价和误差分析等，最后对其在汽车道路试验中的具体应用做了介绍。     

货车转向系统结构振动特性测试与优化

针对某型车开展了转向系统结构的动力学分析并进行了试验研究;采用瞬态激励测量转向系统结构的振动响应,得到加速度频响函数曲线;通过锤击法识别出转向盘、转向柱组件和汽车仪表板横梁管梁的约束模态参数。综合分析了模态振型和安装点动刚度,确定了需要优化的结构;通过对转向盘控制点的振动灵敏度测试,验证了优化方案的有效性。     

螺旋桨轴毂复合联接结构接触问题的非线性有限元分析及结构尺寸优化

针对航空工业产品使用的情况分析:要求其在保证承载的前提下,在设计中尽可能使其结构紧凑或减重.利用ANSYS软件建立一种新型螺旋桨轴毂复合联接结构的有限元接触模型,并以其复合结构中关键零件弹性环的半锥角及宽度为设计变量、弹性环的最大应力为状态变量,对弹性环的结构尺寸进行优化分析,为设计一种能满足航空行业中使用要求的螺旋桨轴毂复合联接结构提供理论分析基础.     

考虑翘曲影响的Bernoulli-Euler薄壁梁的弯扭耦合振动

通过直接求解均匀薄壁梁单元弯扭耦合振动的运动偏微分方程，推导其自由振动时的精确动态传递矩阵。采用考虑翘曲影响的Bernoulli-Euler梁理论，且假定薄壁梁单元的横截面是单对称的。动态传递矩阵可以用于计算薄壁梁集合体的精确固有频率和模态形状。针对两个薄壁梁算例，采用自动Muller法和结合频率扫描法的二分法求解频率特征方程，并讨论翘曲刚度对弯扭耦合：Bernoulli-Euler薄壁梁固有频率的影响。数值结果验证了本文方法的精确性和有效性，并指出翘曲刚度可以显著改变薄壁开口截面梁的固有频率。     

Optimization Design and Performance Analysis of Vehicle Powertrain Mounting System

The design strategies for powertrain mounting systems play an important role in the reduction of vehicular vibration and noise. As stiffness and damping elements connecting the transmission system and vehicle body, the rubber mount exhibits better vibration isolation performance than the rigid connection. This paper presents a complete design process of the mounting system, including the vibration decoupling, vibration simulation analysis, topology optimization, and experimental verification. Based on the 6?degrees?of?freedom vibration coupling model of the powertrain mounting system, an optimization algorithm is used to extract the best design parameters of each mount, thus rendering the mounting system fully decoupled and the natural frequency well configured, and the optimal parameters are used to design the mounting system. Subsequently, vibration simulation analysis is applied to the mounting system, considering both transmission and road excitations. According to the results of finite element analysis, the topological structure of the metal frame of the front mount is optimized to improve the strength and dynamic characteristics of the mounting system. Finally, the vibration bench test is used to verify the availability of the optimization design with the analysis of acceleration response and vibration transmissibility of the mounting system. The results show that the vibration isolation performance of the mounting system can be improved effectively using the vibration optimal decoupling method, and the structural modification of the metal frame can well promote the dynamic characteristics of the mounting system.     

基于转动支承梁式的光纤光栅低频加速度传感器

为了实现低频振动的高灵敏度测量,设计了一种基于转动支撑梁的新型光纤布拉格光栅加速度计。 通过分析其振动 模型和 MATLAB 数值计算,优化了传感器的结构参数,设计传感器理论灵敏度为 1 725 pm / g,固有频率为 68. 4 Hz。 同时通 过 COMSOL 模拟分析传感器的动态特性,其模拟结果与理论分析吻合。 频响特性和幅值特性实验结果表明光纤光栅加速度 计在加速度 0 ~ 2 g、工作频率 0. 5 ~ 20 Hz 的范围内,传感器加速度特性曲线呈现良好线性关系,灵敏度高达 1 495. 2 pm / g,重 复性良好。 该传感器结构简单紧凑,轴承结构有效减少悬臂梁振动过程中的弹性能耗,可显著提高其灵敏度,能够实现低频 振动信号的探测。     

Dynamic and acoustic characteristics of bell type structure using finite element method

Dynamic and acoustic characteristics of the bell type structure were analyzed numerically. The finite element method with 3-D general shell element was used to identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure. Mode shapes and stress distributions of a transient dynamic analysis were effectively displayed by using computer graphic technique. The results of this numerical study were in good agreement with those obtained from the experimental test of fast Fourier transform analyer. Vibrational modes, which effect the acoustic characteristics of the typical bell-type structure were found to be the first flexural mode (4-0 mode) and the second flexural mode (6-0 mode). Asymmetric effects by Dangjwas and acoustic holes gave rise to beat frequencies, and the Dangjwa was found to be most effective. When the impact load was applied to the bell, the stress concentration occured at the rim part of the bell. It was found that the bell type structure should be designed thickly at the rim part in order to prevent failure from impact loads.     

部件柔性对含间隙多体系统动力特性的影响

构建了含有混合间隙的刚柔耦合多体系统动力学模型,研究了部件柔性对多体系统动力特性的影响。首先,建立了混合间隙碰撞力模型;然后,以曲柄滑块为研究对象,采用自然坐标法和绝对节点坐标法分别建立了刚性构件和柔性构件的动力学模型,通过时域和频域分析了连杆柔性对动力特性的影响。结果表明,柔性构件对间隙碰撞力有一定的缓冲作用,能缓冲碰撞的高频振动,而且柔性部件随着弹性模量的减小对高频响应的缓冲效果更加明显。     

柴油机体结构有限元模态分析和模态测试

为了解决某科研项目问题,需要利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对某柴油发动机机体结构建立有限元模型,并进行自由模态分析计算,从而得到该机体结构的低阶振动模态频率与模态振型。在得到有限元模型后需要对该机体结构进行模态试验测试加以对比验证。通过有限元模态分析与模态测试结果的对比,验证了有限元模态分析模型与结果的合理性,为该类型发动机机体结构设计与优化提供了参考依据。     

离轴空间遥感器主支撑结构设计

长焦距离轴三反(TMA)空间光学遥感器各光学元件的位置精度和动态稳定性与其主支撑结构相关,因此,本文研究了遥感器主支撑结构设计方案.对比分析了主支撑结构的常用形式,确定了桁架结构方案,并对其进行了材料选择和连接工艺分析.推导了三杆结构(桁架基本单元)的一阶频率解析式,并确定了其最佳形式.在初始设计的基础上,利用灵敏度分析和参数优化设计方法得到了一种24杆式主支撑结构.作为验证,对该支撑结构进行了静态翻转和动力学试验.试验结果表明,主支撑由竖直状态翻转到水平状态后,前端倾角变化小于10″,一阶固有频率为55 Hz,振动试验中支杆最大应力为135 MPa,满足各项设计指标要求.     

轿车车身结构动力修改技术应用

应用UG软件建立了某轿车的三维CAD模型，通过接口程序输入ANSYS软件中，对模型进行适当的修改，以进行模型的离散化。对模型的材料、实常数以及约束情况等进行定义后，利用ANSYS提供的求解器进行计算，可以得出模型的各阶模态参数(频率、振型等)。这里基于内积相关度理论，对模型计算结果和实验结果进行频率和振型的相关性分析，以利用试验结果来验证计算结果。在满足相关性的前提下，计算固有频率对车身各钣金件厚度参数的灵敏度，根据使用环境的要求采用结构修改的灵敏度方法对车身结构进行调整，取其中最大的几个作为调整变量或优化设计变量，达到以最小的消耗满足预期的目标。     

一种加工交叉孔系的翻转式钻模夹具

介绍一种加工交叉孔系的翻转式钻模夹具的设计及使用方法,该夹具可以使SFD-507型自动缫丝机添绪机构支承座一次装夹,在两个工位上加工不同方向上的两个交叉孔系,从而保证了支承座上两孔尺寸精度和相对位置的加工精度.     

基于拓扑与形状优化的柴油机机体低振动设计

为实现机体的低振动优化设计,在试验验证有限元模型正确性的基础上,采用拓扑优化和形状优化方法,保证不同层次优化模型的承接性,以机体模态频率和整机振动烈度值作为优化设计目标,采用数值模拟方法对机体进行振动响应分析,为机体的优化设计识别出机体振动状况分布。以四缸柴油机机体的虚拟样机为设计对象,通过拓扑优化与形状优化得到设计变量最优解,并综合考虑相关因素确定全部布局和细节设计的最终优化方案。优化结构分析结果表明,优化后各阶模态频率均得到了提高,同时整机振动烈度值降低了34.8%,优化后的机体在满足结构刚度和强度条件下实现了机体振动烈度处于安全区域。研究表明所提出的拓扑优化和形状优化在设计效率和精度都有所提高,在机体的低振动设计中可行且有效。     

弹性梁运动刚化现象的Rayleigh法分析

针对作定轴转动的弹性梁随着转动角速度的增加，其结构刚度随之增大－运动刚化的现象，用Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ能量近似法简便地得出了水平面内作定轴转动之弹性梁基频的运动刚化修正系数。对于柔度较大的弹性梁，主要由基频决定其振动性态。因此，该分析结果不仅可直观地反映弹性结构运动刚化现象的变化规律，而且可直接应用于水平面内作定轴转劝之弹性梁的实时控制。     

Diagnostics of a cavity in a prismatic beam

A beam with a cross section in the form of a hollow rectangular box is considered. A method for calculation of the dimensions of a cavity in a beam by two natural bending frequencies that are taken from different spectra is proposed. These are the spectra of vibrations in two mutually perpendicular planes that are chosen in such a way that the neutral axis of the cross section is parallel to the sides in both cases. The dependence of the natural frequency on the cavity’s parameters is studied. It is proven that the frequency values of the beam under investigation and of an identical beam with a solid cross section do not coincide at any size of the cavity and the natural frequency values of the former beam are always higher than those of the latter one.     

Experimental Investigation and Optimization Design of Multi-Support Pipeline System

The design of aircraft hydraulic pipeline system is limited by many factors,such as the integrity of aviation structure or narrow installation space,so the limited clamp support position should be considered.This paper studied the fre-quency adjustment and dynamic responses reduction of the multi-support pipeline system through experiment and numerical simulation.To avoid the resonance of pipeline system,we proposed two different optimization programs,one was to avoid aero-engine working range,and another was to avoid aircraft hydraulic pump pulsation range.An optimization method was introduced in this paper to obtain the optimal clamp position.The experiments were intro-duced to validate the optimization results,and the theoretical optimization results can agree well with the test.With regard to avoiding the aero-engine vibration frequency,the test results revealed that the first natural frequency was far from the aero-engine vibration frequency.And the dynamic frequency sweep results showed that no resonance occurred on the pipeline in the engine vibration frequency range after optimization.Additionally,with regard to avoiding the pump vibration frequency,the test results revealed that natural frequencies have been adjusted and far from the pump vibration frequency.And the dynamic frequency sweep results showed that pipeline under optimal clamp position cannot lead to resonance.The sensitivity analysis results revealed the changing relationships between different clamp position and natural frequency.This study can provide helpful guidance on the analysis and design of practical aircraft pipeline.     

基于柔体动力学分析的平面并联机器人结构优化设计

针对高速高精度机器人的结构柔性问题，提出了一种基于柔体动力学分析的结构参数优化设计方法，并对一种含平行四边形结构的平面并联机器人进行了结构参数优化。采用离散梁模型来仿真机器人的柔性，轴套模型来仿真机器人关节的柔性，建立了参数化的柔体动力学模型。利用动力学仿真软件ADAMS对机器人的动态响应、驱动力矩和固有频率进行了计算，据此对机器人的结构参数进行了优化。最后通过固有频率测试和动态响应实验结果验证了优化设计的有效性和准确性。     

数控龙门镗铣床横梁结构特性分析及优化

运用现代设计方法对某型号数控机床龙门镗铣床横梁结构进行了静动态特性分析,并精确提取了横梁结合面的边界条件;然后对横梁进行参数优化,建立了以横梁的内部筋板和壁厚为优化设计变量,以结构质量以及一阶固频为状态变量,以结构最大变形为目标函数的数学优化模型,并采用拉格朗日二次规划法进行优化计算,最终得到满足条件的设计变量。通过对横梁进行参数优化,提高了横梁的综合性能。