橡木桶陈酿处理对沙田柚蒸馏酒挥发性风味成分的影响

采用主成分分析方法对沙田柚蒸馏酒在橡木桶陈酿期间的挥发性风味成分进行了系统的分析。结果表明,陈酿期间柚子果酒色度、总酸和总酚含量显著增加(p0.05)。沙田柚蒸馏酒在橡木桶陈酿过程中共分析检测到75个挥发性风味成分,其中酯类是沙田柚蒸馏酒最主要的挥发性风味成分,其次是醛类、醇类、酮类、酸类、萜烯类、酚类。沙田柚蒸馏酒在橡木桶陈酿期间,也产生了新的风味物质:乙酸、异丁酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯、2-糠酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯、3-苯丙酸乙酯、茴香酸乙酯、5-甲基呋喃醛、邻异丙基甲苯、(E)-壬烯醛、trans-香芹醇、癸酸、佛术烯、新异长叶烯,赋予了沙田柚蒸馏酒新的口感与风格。     

红心猕猴桃蒸馏果酒风味物质分析及研究

研究了采用红心猕猴桃发酵蒸馏制得猕猴桃蒸馏酒和白兰地,利用顶空固相微萃取技术和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析了红心猕猴桃蒸馏酒和红心猕猴桃白兰地的风味物质。从果酒样品中分别鉴定出14种香气成分,其中醇类6种、酯类5种、醛酮类1种、其他类3种。乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异戊醇、糠醛、乳酸乙酯和丁二酸二乙酯等化合物为主要香气物质;白兰地经过橡木桶陈酿一年后,风味物质种类基本相同,但其含量有所差异,其中乙醇、乳酸乙酯、糠醛、丁二酸二乙酯和苯乙醇香气成分显著性下降,而乙酸乙酯、异丁醇、异戊醇含量明显有所上升。     

岗稔鲜果、果汁和果酒香味物质的GC-MS初步比较分析

探讨岗稔果及其加工过程中风味成分的变化特性.采用GC-MS技术分别对岗稔的鲜果、果汁和果酒的芳香物质进行比较测定分析.岗稔鲜果的香气成分以萜烯类为主(占总相对含量的67%),其中主要成分为α-蒎烯、丁炔-3-酮基薄荷烯醇和β-丁香烯等;岗稔果汁香气成分以脂肪酸、及萜烯类为主(占43%),其中主要成分为十八烷酸、十六烷酸、12-羟基十八烷酸、亚油酸、幕乙烯、邻甲氧基苯酚、丁炔-3-酮基薄荷烯醇和β-丁香烯等;果酒香气成分以发酵性酒香物质为主(占55%),其中主要成分为苯乙醇、戊醇、丁二酸单乙酯等.岗稔鲜果中挥发性强的萜烯类特征果香成分在加工过程中不易留香,岗稔果汁和果酒均需进一步优化工艺,增强原果风味.     

干红山楂酒香气成分变化规律研究

分析了干红山楂酒的香气成分变化规律,采用溶剂萃取法提取发酵15 d、发酵结束、陈酿6个月、陈酿9个月、陈酿2年山楂酒的香气成分,用气相色谱-质谱法进行分析,结合计算机检索技术对分离化合物进行鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一法测定各成分的相对含量。分别分离出81个、88个、107个、73个和40个峰,鉴定出52个、54个、45个、49个和30个香气化学成分,分别占其色谱流出组分总量的88.96%、81.20%、79.50%、81.66%和95.55%,其中,醇类15种、酯类38种、羧酸类8种、苯环类28种、烃类16种、噻吩类1种、醛类1种。共有香气成分且含量较高的是苯乙醇、丁二酸二乙酯、丁二酸单乙酯、2,3-丁二醇、乳酸乙酯。随着时间的延长,醇类、酸类相对含量下降,而酯类相对含量呈上升趋势,并且首次发现了山楂红酒中特征香气成分红果酸二乙酯。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS法分析即墨黄酒陈酿过程中香气成分的变化

即墨黄酒是采用黍米酿制的特色黄酒,其香气成分和陈酿过程中香气的变化目前研究较少。本研究采用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析即墨黄酒的挥发性香气成分。通过优化萃取探针、萃取温度、萃取时间以及NaCl添加量,确定即墨黄酒香气成分的最佳提取条件:ACAR/PDMS/DVB复合涂层的萃取探针在50℃条件下萃取60 min,NaCl添加量为0.15 g/mL。从2009年、2012年、2013年、2015年酒样中分别检测出16,15,15,19种香气物质。苯乙醇、苯乙酸乙酯、苯丙酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯在4份酒样中均有检出。苯乙醇和丁二酸二乙酯的相对含量随陈酿年份的增加逐年减少。2012年酒样中苯乙酸乙酯和苯丙酸乙酯的相对含量最高。     

气相色谱-质谱法比较分析巴氏杀菌前后沙参糯米酒中的香气成分

为探究巴氏杀菌对沙参糯米酒香气成分的影响程度,采用顶空固相微萃取法提取巴氏杀菌前后的沙参糯米酒酒样的挥发性香气成分,运用气相色谱-质谱以及峰面积归一化法进行定性定量分析。结果表明：巴氏杀菌前后的酒样中分别鉴定出73 种和71 种香气成分,二者主要香气成分均是苯乙醇、芳樟醇、乳酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、十二醇、α-松油醇、正己醇和4-萜烯醇。巴氏杀菌后,醇类和酯类的香气成分相对含量分别增加了1.22%与2.00%;而烷烯类、醛酮类、酸类以及酚醚类香气成分的相对含量出现不同程度的降低。杀菌后,沙参糯米酒中原有的愉悦香气成分如香茅醇、乙酸苯乙酯等未检出;辛酸、正癸酸等具有不愉快气味的成分经过杀菌后也相应减少和消失。辛酸乙酯、十四醛三聚物、甲基庚烯酮等的出现使得杀菌后的沙参糯米酒增添了宜人的香甜果香气息。综上,巴氏杀菌对沙参糯米酒的香气成分影响不大,适合作为该酒的杀菌方式。     

顶空-固相微萃取-气质联用分析咂酒挥发性成分

采用顶空-固相微萃取对咂酒中挥发性成分进行提取,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对提取出的挥发性成分进行定性和定量分析。结果表明:从咂酒中共鉴定出挥发性成分50种,其中酯类和醇类是咂酒中种类和含量最多的两种挥发性物质,分别为20种和15种。咂酒中的主要挥发性化合物有异戊醇(19.48%)、乙酸乙酯(17.78%)、丁二酸二乙酯(14.73%)、辛酸乙酯(10.95%)、乙酸戊酯(9.51%)、癸酸乙酯(5.92%)、异丁酸(5.91%)、己酸乙酯(3.07%)。     

二氧化碳浸渍法和传统法酿造条件下玫瑰香葡萄酒香气成分的对比分析

应用顶空固相微萃取技术和气相色谱质谱技术对CO2浸渍法和传统法酿造条件下的玫瑰香葡萄酒进行香气成分分析,共检测出54种香气成分,包括9种萜烯类、30种酯类、9种醇类、4种酮类、1种脂肪酸类和1种芳烃类,不同酒样的总香气含量略有差异,但均以醇类和酯类为主。主成分分析结果显示,CO2浸渍法和传统法发酵酒样的香气成分存在差异,两组酒样可以在前两个主成分上基本聚集为两类;此外,丙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、水杨酸甲酯、乙酸香茅酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、3-甲基-1-丁醇、1-己醇、2-苯乙醇、正癸醇和苯乙烯与CO2浸渍法发酵的酒样相关性较强,在CO2浸渍法发酵的酒样中浓度较高;乙酸乙酯、异丁酸乙酯、乙酸庚酯、丁二酸二乙酯、反式-4-癸烯酸乙酯、棕榈酸乙酯、异丁醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、1-庚醇、2-壬酮和2-癸酮与传统法发酵酒样的相关性较强,且在传统法发酵的酒样中浓度较高。采用气味活度值分析关键呈香成分,结果显示CO2浸渍法发酵的酒样中关键呈香成分有14种,包括里那醇、玫瑰醚、香茅醇、香叶醇、乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、3-甲基-1-丁醇、2-苯乙醇、大马酮、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮和辛酸,而传统法发酵酒样的关键呈香成分比CO2浸渍法发酵酒样多1种。     

红曲菠萝酒发酵及香气成分的分析

采用市售的籼米、菠萝为原料制备红曲菠萝酒,研究发酵过程中酒精度、总糖、总酸、Monacolin K含量的变化。使用有机溶剂萃取法对其中的挥发性成分进行萃取,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术对其香味成分进行分析。结果表明:发酵过程中酒精度、总酸、Monacolin K呈逐渐上升趋势,总糖呈下降趋势;红曲菠萝酒中共鉴定出53种化合物,分别为醇类、酯类、酸类、酮类、烃类、萜烯类、芳香族类;化合物相对含量排前8位的依次是苯乙醇(20.02%)、2-甲基丁醇(8.79%)、菠萝醇(8.2%)、丁二酸单乙酯(4.87%)、异丁酸(4.84%)、亚油酸甲酯(4.63%)、乙酸乙酯(4.23%)、丁酸乙酯(3.09%);构成红曲菠萝酒香气特征的主要物质是醇类、酯类、酸类以及少量的酮类化合物。     

干红山楂酒香气成分的GC-MS分析

利用溶剂萃取法对发酵干红山楂酒中的香气成分进行提取,采用GC-MS进行分析。在干红山楂酒中共分离出40个峰,鉴定出30种化合物,采用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的质量分数。其中酯类和醇类是干红山楂酒中香气组成最多的两类化合物。其中主要成分为丁二酸单酯、苯乙醇、丁二酸二乙酯、己二酸正辛正癸酯、4-羟基丁酸内酯、羟基丁二酸二乙酯、2,3-丁二醇、9,10-二羟基甲基酯硬脂酸、棕榈酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯。     

Antimicrobial Effects of Wine: Separating the Role of Polyphenols,pH, Ethanol,and Other Wine Components

Abstract: While the antimicrobial effectiveness of wine is well documented, relative contributions of the wine components to its antimicrobial activity is controversial. To separate the role of wine phenolics, ethanol, and pH from other wine constituents, the antimicrobial effects of intact wine were compared to that of phenols-stripped wine, dealcoholized wine, ethanol, and low pH applied separately and in combination, against 2 common foodborne pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Escherichia coli. All samples were biochemically characterized with respect to their total phenolics and resveratrol content, antioxidant capacity, ethanol content, and pH. Antioxidative activity of the samples corresponded to their total phenolics content. Except for respective controls, pH and ethanol content were similar in all samples. The order of antibacterial activity of the samples was: intact wine > phenols-stripped wine > dealcoholized wine > combination of ethanol and low pH > low pH > ethanol. Separate application of ethanol or low pH showed negligible antibacterial activity while their combination showed synergistic effect. Antibacterial activity of the samples could not be related to their total phenolics and resveratrol content, antioxidant capacity, ethanol content, or pH. Our study indicates that antimicrobial activity of complex solutions such as intact wine cannot be exclusively attributed to its phenolic or nonphenolic constituents, nor can the antimicrobial activity of wine be predicted on the basis of its particular components.     

浅谈衢州古酒文化

衢州酿酒历史久远，有丰富的酒文化及优质的水资源和糯米资源。在新石器时代遗址中已发掘出印纹陶酒器；在西周时期，衢州的酿酒业和制陶业已相当发达；在宋代，衢州酒业里设有专门管理酒务的官员，酒税一直是历代封建朝廷的主要财源之一。石室酒是衢州的历史名酒，该酒营养丰富，有益健康。     

红姑娘酒的研制

用红姑娘为主原料,经分选,破碎,接入人工培养果酒酵母进行发酵,调配而成的低度红姑娘酒,具有滋补保健功能.     

Moisture sorption isotherms of green chilli

The adsorption and desorption equilibrium moisture contents of green chilli were determined experimentally in relative humidity range of 11‐97% and at the temperatures of 20, 30, 40 and 50°C. The experimental procedure used was a dynamic method with periodically recording of sample mass. The effect of temperature on adsorption and desorption isotherms was found significant. Hystereses were observed for entire range of relative humidity and hysteresis loops decreased with the increase of temperature. Nine sorption isotherm models were fitted the experimental data at the temperatures of 20, 30, 40 and 50 °C. The modified Smith equation was the best fitted equation to the experimental data for relative humidity range of 11‐97% for the adsorption and desorption isotherms of green chilli.     

国内外酒类包装新材料新容器

好包装能提升酒的品位，还有保持及提高酒质量的重要功能。随着酒业的迅速发展，以及消费群体的扩大，国际上酒包装的新材料，新容器相继得到开发和应用，以各自的功能与优势取胜市场。     

布依族酒文化概览

布依族主要聚居于贵州黔南、黔西南布依族苗族自治州及贵州、云南、四川省的部分地区.其中以贵州的布依族人口最多,占全国的97%.布依族人会酿酒、好饮酒.其酿制的酒有糯米酒、刺梨酒、白烧酒等.布依族的酒俗丰富,用拦路酒、鸡头酒习俗、交杯酒、转转酒、讨八字酒等酒俗民风来传递信息和感情;布依族酒文化表现形式丰富,如有迎客歌、敬酒歌、婚庆歌、节庆歌等.(孙悟)     

史前文化时期的酿酒(二)--谷芽酒的酿造及演进

我国的先民在仰韶时期(公元前5000年～公元前3000年)，就利用小口尖底瓮保温发酵酿制谷芽酒，并在该容器内澄清、饮用。到了大汶口时期(公元前4300年～公元前2400年)，酿酒有了较大发展，饮酒之风很盛行，出土了数量较多的大件酿酒发酵窖器——大口尖底陶尊及多姿多彩的酒具，表明了酒已具有礼仪功能。这时期谷芽酒的饮用方法已进步到用饮酒器饮用清酒了。酿酒技术及酒文化已由黄河下游扩展到淮河流域。     

天然低度菠萝酒加工技术研究

以新鲜菠萝为原料,果肉破碎取汁后加入适量蜂蜜并主活性干酵母,经控温发酵等特殊工艺处理,可制各糖分含量高、酒精底低、风味独特的纯天然菠萝酒。     

Evaluation of the consistency of wine quality assessments from expert wine tasters

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the ability of experienced wine tasters to consistently assign quality scores to both red and white wines. Methods and Results: Wine quality scores were collected over a 15‐year period from 571 experienced wine tasters. Consistency was measured by correlating the scores given to duplicate presentations of wines, calculating the pooled variation in repeat scores and assessing their ability to allocate duplicate presentations of the same wine to the same quality category. Although the majority of tasters showed statistically significant consistency, their individual abilities varied considerably and, in general, their ability to consistently score one wine type was a poor predictor of their consistency in scoring the other. Tasters were better able to allocate duplicate presentations of red wines to the same category than white wines, and red wine consistency was improved by combining the scores of three assessors as is done in the Australian wine show system. Conclusions: The ability of experienced wine tasters to consistently rate wines for overall quality varied greatly between individuals, but was generally better for red wines than for whites. Consistency was improved by combining the scores from a small team of tasters. Significance of the Study: The study demonstrates the need to conduct replicate tastings when assessing wines for quality as adequate taster repeatability cannot be guaranteed. Furthermore, using the combined score of a small team of tasters generally results in more consistent quality assessments.     

蓝莓干红酒酿制工艺的研究

根据蓝莓汁初始糖度,酿制12°干红蓝莓酒时将补糖量调整至21%,SO2添加量调整为40mg/L。同时,添加活性干酵母粉,其接种量为0.20%,在25℃条件下控温发酵6d,主发酵结束转入低温陈酿,能够酿制残糖较低、酸度适中、酒体协调、口感醇厚、果香适宜,色泽为深宝石红,具有蓝莓特有典型风格的蓝莓干红酒。