过程控制训练仿真评估方法研究

评估系统是过程控制型仿真系统的重要组成部分,随着过程控制型仿真系统复杂性增大,其评估系统构建也日趋复杂.该文从一般性的角度对过程控制型仿真系统评估方法进行了探讨,对训练仿真系统中的过程事件进行了分类.针对训练目的,提出了过程控制训练仿真系统的评估标准.结合训练仿真系统的特点,提出了评估的假设前提和事件类型判定方法.以此基础改进了分步评估法并构建了训练仿真系统的评估模型.最后,以海上补给训练仿真系统实际项目为背景,实现了海上补给训练仿真系统评估系统.     

常系数线性系统的辨识模拟与Java网络实现

常系数线性系统广泛存在于工程系统和自然系统,对其进行模拟分析,可了解系统的多种特征和行为,预测其发展趋势.在自然系统中,对系统是否线性及其系统矩阵,均需进行辨识.研制了常系数线性系统模型与辨识的Java网络软件.应用该软件,可根据系统的观测结果,对系统进行辨识,获得系统矩阵.同时,可给出系统稳定与否及稳定性类型.并对系统进行模拟,给出预测.该软件含有6个类,可在兼容Java的网络浏览器上运行.     

一种自动推断复杂系统层次结构任务模型的方法

支撑Internet服务的复杂系统难于调试与分析.理解系统运行时行为是调试与分析这些复杂系统的关键.现有的技术将系统动态运行时行为用因果执行路径抽象描述,并在此基础上分析系统的行为.但是这些方法或者需要手动标注系统代码,或者需要使用者描述系统的执行结构,都需要使用者很多人工辅助.文中描述了一种自动推断复杂系统层次结构任务模型的方法.通过使用插装技术动态观察系统执行过程,文中的方法能够根据一组启发自动推断出系统运行时的任务模型,包括任务的边界和任务之间的因果依赖关系.通过使用聚类方法,能够进一步推断出任务模型的层次结构.通过在实际系统(Apache和PacificA)上应用推断方法,可以看出,使用得到的模型能够帮助理解系统的动态运行过程,并帮助分析解决系统的性能问题.     

一类齐次离散双线性系统可控性分析

在系统分析中,可控性是系统的一个重要特性.在工程实际操作中,往往需要对一个连续系统进行离散化处理,人们希望系统在离散化后能保留原系统的重要系统特征,比如可控性.对于线性系统,我们有成熟的判断方法.然而,对于非线性系统则无统一的判别方法.Elliott在2005年给出了一个二阶双线性系统经过离散化后,可控性发生变化的例子.它表明一个系统在离散化前后,它的可控性可能会发生改变.本文旨在给出一类二阶离散化双线性系统可控性充分条件,并和已有结果作比较,表明本文结果更具有一般性.另外,本文对于3阶及以上的这类系统可控性做出了不可控的判断.     

高校学生收费管理系统的分析与设计

学生收费系统是高校数字化校园建设中的业务需求,论文介绍了系统开发的关键技术和具体实现过程.高校学生收费系统是高校数字化校园的重要组成部分.从系统描述到用例设计,描述了系统的大概功能及开发要点.给出系统的用例图,以登录模块为例以系统进行实现描述.     

基于POE和以太网的分布式数据采集系统

介绍了一种基于以太网和POE的数据采集系统.这个系统数据传输部分充分利用了以太网带宽大,可扩展性强,结构简单,成本低廉的特点.配合一套控制软件,可以方便有效的控制整套系统.而且,系统的供电充分利用POE技术,在传输数据的网线上同时提供电流,这样大大减少了电源系统的复杂度,同时提高可靠性.通过实际系统的测试,系统功能性能方面都达到了预期的设想.     

灰色系统理论在数据拟合中的应用

对于多数非线性系统.由于其内部结构复杂,要准确描述系统的模型是很难的.在文章中,探讨灰色系统理论在拟合系统数学模型中的应用.通过应用实例,说明采用灰色系统理论拟合复杂系统模型有一定的优势,它拟合出的数学模型能够很好地反映出系统状态变量的运动状况.     

基于H∞控制的时滞系统故障诊断

应用H∞控制技术,探讨具有不确定性输入以及输入时滞系统的故障诊断（FD）问题.该文提出的算法能够诊断时滞系统的执行器故障和传感器故障.首先介绍了时滞系统的H∞控制技术,给出了时滞系统H∞控制器存在的充要条件.然后考虑含有故障的时滞系统,设计了故障诊断滤波器,将故障诊断滤波器与原系统组成增广系统,增广系统中包含时滞系统的执行器故障和传感器故障.最后,应用H∞控制技术,对增广系统设计故障诊断系统,能够诊断出时滞系统的执行器故障和传感器故障.     

基于H∞控制的时滞系统故障诊断

应用H∞控制技术,探讨具有不确定性输入以及输入时滞系统的故障诊断(FD)问题.该文提出的算法能够诊断时滞系统的执行器故障和传感器故障.首先介绍了时滞系统的H∞控制技术,给出了时滞系统H∞控制器存在的充要条件.然后考虑含有故障的时滞系统,设计了故障诊断滤波器,将故障诊断滤波器与原系统组成增广系统,增广系统中包含时滞系统的执行器故障和传感器故障.最后,应用H∞控制技术,对增广系统设计故障诊断系统,能够诊断出时滞系统的执行器故障和传感器故障.     

基于ASP.NET的B2C电子商城系统的设计与实现

研究了基于ASP.NET技术的通用B2C电子商城系统的开发,阐述系统的框架设计和功能设计以及系统实现.系统利用ASP.NET多层设计模式及组件技术,使系统结构更加精简,更具有封装性,降低系统开发和维护的成本,提高系统模块的可复用性,有利于系统的快速开发.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).