U型截面钢拱平面外稳定性研究北大核心CSCD

当作用在拱平面内的荷载达到临界值时,拱可能出现平面外的侧倾失稳.现有研究大多采用径向荷载模式来研究U型截面拱的面外失稳.本文通过对径向荷载与竖向荷载模式有限元结果的比较,发现径向荷载模式偏于保守,在大矢跨比情况下误差较大.针对钢拱容易平面外失稳的问题,提出了加设缀板形成间断闭合截面来提高拱的稳定性.相比于加设隔板的方法,加设缀板对拱的屈曲荷载提高更为明显,而且加设缀板的方法用料少、施工更加简单.最后,提出箱型截面平面外屈曲荷载的计算公式,并由此给出加设缀板U型截面拱的平面外屈曲荷载的估算公式,供工程设计人员参考.     

腹板开洞工字形截面拱的平面外弹性屈曲性能分析

用ANSYS有限元软件模拟分析了腹板开洞工字形截面圆弧拱在径向均布荷载作用下的平面外弹性屈曲性能。计算了在不同孔洞半径、孔洞间距、矢跨比、高厚比等参数下的屈曲荷载。得出腹板开洞工字形截面拱的平面外屈曲荷载随着孔洞半径的增大而减小,随着孔洞间距的增大而增大,通过研究孔洞的优化截面和弹性屈曲荷载,从中发现可以通过一种修正的弹性屈曲荷载建立优化准则来评价开洞拱的结构效率,孔洞半径在腹板高度的25%到35%之间时,结构的效率最高。     

U形截面圆弧拱平面外稳定性研究

用BEAM 188梁单元和SHELL 181壳单元建立了两种可考虑荷载作用位置的有限元模型,相互验证了模型的正确性.通过对两种荷载模式下U形截面无铰和两铰圆弧拱计算结果的比较,研究了支座类型、荷载模式和矢跨比对钢拱平面外屈曲的影响.对于理想的支座约束,发现径向均布荷载作用下两铰拱平面外屈曲荷载与无铰拱相同,竖向均布荷载作用下两铰拱平面外屈曲荷载在较大矢跨比时明显高于无铰拱;由于两铰与无铰拱的支座构造不同,满足什么条件平面外约束可按无铰对待有待研究.通过对加缀板与加隔板U形截面两铰圆弧拱平面外屈曲荷载的比较,发现加缀板形成间断闭合截面对屈曲荷载提高更显著,且用料少、施工简单.     

实腹圆弧钢拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计理论及方法

拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计一直没有成熟的规范指导。本文用有限壳单元模型先分析了工形截面两铰圆弧钢拱的平面内弹性屈曲性能,与拱的经典屈曲理论作了对比,指出了必须同时考虑长细比和矢跨比对屈曲荷载的影响。然后分析了两铰圆弧钢拱受静水压力和其它荷载作用下的弹塑性屈曲性能,指出了典型破坏机理为拱两侧1/4跨附近形成塑性铰导致结构失效。利用拱的弹性屈曲荷载定义了拱的正则化长细比,用Perry-Robertson公式的形式,建立了拱的稳定系数与正则化长细比的关系,提出了受静水压力的两铰圆弧钢拱的平面内稳定极限承载力设计方法,并用轴力和弯矩的两项相关公式提出了受其它荷载作用下的平面内稳定极限承载力设计方法。     

受弯圆弧拱平面外稳定承载力分析

为建立压弯钢拱平面外稳定承载力设计方法,对承受弯矩作用的受弯圆弧拱的稳定承载力进行系统研究,考察弯矩对其面外稳定的影响。采用有限元分析方法,考虑截面形式、初始几何缺陷、残余应力、矢跨比、拱脚条件及端弯矩比例的影响。首先针对均匀正弯矩作用,基于正则化长细比给出了焊接工形截面、焊接箱形截面及热轧圆管截面拱的平面外稳定曲线;之后对于不同比例的端弯矩作用下不均匀受弯情况,提出了平面外稳定承载力计算的等效正则化长细比法和等效弯矩系数法,为压弯圆弧拱设计方法的建立奠定基础。研究表明：采用正则化长细比,均匀正弯矩作用下圆弧拱的平面外稳定系数可采用与直梁类似的平面外稳定曲线;不等端弯矩作用的情况需引入等效正则化长细比或等效弯矩系数,以考虑弯矩梯度和负弯矩作用的影响;提出的两种平面外稳定承载力计算方法与大挠度弹塑性有限元分析结果吻合较好。     

钢筋混凝土框架有限元非线性全过程分析

本文介绍的方法,是在弹性分析的基础上不断修改单元刚度和结构刚度矩阵的逐次追近法。在塑性铰出现前以荷载为增量。在塑性铰出现后以变位为增量进行计算,当结构的几何参数和材料强度输入电子计算机以后,即可输出从加荷到破坏全过程的刚度、位移和内力,并能求出塑性铰出现的顺序和位置以及破坏荷载等。     

我国拱形钢结构设计理论研究现状与展望

结合我国JGJ/T 249-2011《拱形钢结构技术规程》的颁布,对拱形钢结构设计、计算及施工中的关键问题如受力性能、结构选型、稳定性能及加工制作等方面进行了阐述。研究表明：与梁柱等直构件相比,拱形钢结构的设计理论、特别是稳定设计方法更为复杂,其受力和工作机理受拱轴线形式、跨度、矢跨比、拱脚边界条件、截面形式、荷载形式及组合、面外支撑条件等诸多因素影响。拱形钢结构平面内失稳对荷载和变形的非对称初始缺陷较为敏感,对于钢管桁架拱必须考虑弦杆局部失稳对整体稳定承载力的削弱作用;平面外弯扭失稳时,变形及受力复杂,其稳定承载力受拱脚、荷载条件及支撑布置影响显著;初步建立平面内稳定设计方法并在规程中予以体现,包括实腹式截面拱（含腹板开孔钢拱）、钢管桁架拱以及钢管混凝土拱等结构形式;平面外稳定性及面外支撑设计是拱形钢结构设计理论的重要组成部分,在规程中还有待进一步补充和完善。     

矩形钢管柱与矩形钢管桁架螺栓连接节点力学性能分析

为了研究未在柱上设置加劲肋的矩形钢管柱与矩形钢管桁架螺栓连接节点的静力性能以及影响因素,采用通用有限元分析软件ANSYS,针对3种柱截面高度及两种连接板厚度组合出的6组节点进行非线性分析。结果表明,此类节点通过在柱上局部外包加厚钢板,能有效得桁架上荷载传递到矩形钢管柱上,桁架下弦与矩形钢管柱连接处未出现明显局部失稳的现象,在充分加载后出现的两种主要破坏模式为下弦连接板平面外失稳及矩形钢管柱形成塑性铰,当下弦连接板厚度较薄而矩形钢管柱截面高度较大时,出现的破坏模式为下弦连接板平面外失稳,而当下弦连接板较厚而矩形钢管柱高度较小时,出现的破坏模式为矩管柱出现塑性铰。     

钢筋混凝土单层厂房等高铰结排架的塑性分析

<正> 钢筋混凝土结构的截面强度计算,早已采用符合截面实际破坏状况的塑性法,但超静定钢筋混凝土结构的内力分析,除梁、板外,国内、外至今仍普遍地采用弹性法,这不仅与截面的强度计算有矛盾,更重要的是不能正确地反映结构的内力在受荷过程中的实际分布状况;当结构的设计内力是由多种荷载的组合所控制时(如厂房铰结排架),则不能充分发挥结构的潜力,浪费材料。本文在分析等高厂房铰结排架按弹性计算的基础上,考虑因塑性变形而产生的内力重分配,试图用弯矩调幅法对其进行塑性分析。按本     

基于梁柱杆件的墙/板宏观模型研究

多次地震震害表明墙和楼板对结构抗震性能有重要影响。为考察地震作用下墙和楼板在结构中的作用规律,弹塑性分析时结构模型中必须对墙和楼板进行合理模拟。针对已有模型的不足,建立基于梁柱杆件的墙和楼板宏观模型-BAC墙板模型,可兼顾墙/板平面内、外的力学性能。模型由若干梁柱杆件组成,各杆件的截面几何参数按刚度等效结合墙或楼板构件的原始几何尺寸确定;材料特性直接采用墙或楼板的材料特性。在弹性阶段,采用BAC墙板模型分别对墙/板构件以及含墙、楼板的二层钢筋混凝土结构进行计算。结果与采用壳单元模型的计算结果比较,二者在动力特性、受力变形等方面均吻合较好。在塑性阶段,分别对单调荷载作用下的砌体填充墙钢筋混凝土平面框架和往复荷载作用下的钢筋混凝土剪力墙进行弹塑性分析。研究构件的破坏特征以及荷载位移关系,将结果与试验进行比较,验证BAC墙板模型在塑性阶段分析的可靠性。     

Buckling of monosymmetric arches under point loads

A finite element procedure is described for analysing the flexural-torsional buckling of arches of monosymmetric cross-section. First an inplane analysis is performed to obtain the distributions of axial force and bending moment in the arch. These are then substituted into the buckling equation for monosymmetric arches, and the resulting eigenvalue problem is solved numerically. Higher order quintic shape functions are used to describe the element displacement fields. The effects of the distances from the arch shear centre axis of point and uniformly distributed loads are also included in the analysis.

Flexural-torsional buckling tests on circular aluminium arches of monosymmetric I-section are also described. The test results for arches subjected to central concentrated point loads are compared with the finite element theory.     

Analysis of equal leg single-angle section beams subjected to biaxial bending and constant axial compressive force

Single-angle section beams are generally loaded parallel to their geometrical axes and their cross-sections are not symmetrical to their principal axes. Even equal leg angle beams have only one symmetrical axis. Many types of loading cause biaxial bending and axial forces in these members. Since single-angle section beams are slender members, they also need to be analyzed in terms of flexural buckling, lateral torsional buckling and local buckling effects. In this study, a calculation procedure is presented to analyze the nominal loads of equal leg angle section beams loaded vertically to the axis of the beam. It is assumed that the axial force is composed of a constant compressive force. The constant axial force is only taken into consideration for the uniform compressive stress and the second-degree effects caused in the cross-section. Thus only the biaxial bending moments remain. The first yield, full plastic and critical lateral torsional buckling moments for biaxial bending are calculated with respect to the slenderness of the beam and the axial force. The nominal design force on the cross-section is calculated according to the load and resistance factor design rules. The analysis proposed for the constant axial load can also be used for other axial forces, by using an iterative calculation procedure.     

Coupled static and dynamic buckling of thin walled beam by spline finite element

For the coupled static and dynamic buckling of thin walled beam subjected to various forces, such as axial force, uniform bending moment, and bending moment due to concentrated and distributed lateral forces, the spline finite element method is employed to obtain the dynamic stiffness matrix. Second order effects of the axial force and moment are considered. A doubly symmetric cantilever beam with uniform cross-section is investigated. Extensive static and dynamic interaction diagrams are plotted. The effects of warping rigidity, torsional rigidity, axial tension and compression on moment buckling, moment on axial buckling compression, higher buckling modes are discussed in detail. The spline finite element method is proved to be very efficient for the present problem and many interaction diagrams can be plotted easily. Some new results are presented. The methodology is based on finite element formulation and therefore it can be easily extended to analyze structural frames.     

体外预应力钢-混凝土组合连续梁的试验研究及有限元分析

与承受正弯矩的简支梁不同,连续梁中支座部分承受负弯矩,组成组合梁的钢板件受压力作用,其力学性能受稳定控制,不考虑稳定影响的规范简化塑性算法会带来不安全的结果.以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类组合梁和是否配置预应力筋为参数,进行了两组共四根连续组合梁的单调加载对比试验.试验结果表明:无论预应力连续组合梁或是普通连续组合梁,最终破坏特征均为负弯矩区混凝土开裂,钢腹板局部屈曲,整个截面畸变失稳,正弯矩区混凝土板压碎;正弯矩区的承载能力可由简化塑性计算方法计算,而负弯矩区的受力性能由稳定控制,影响其承载能力的主要因素为板件的宽厚比所表征的截面种类,考虑屈曲的承载力计算方法与试验结果吻合.对各组合梁进行了有限元数值分析,分析考虑界面滑移、预应力、稳定等影响,结果和试验吻合较好.     

Time-dependent in-plane behaviour and buckling of concrete-filled steel tubular arches

This paper presents a theoretical analysis for the time-dependent behaviour and buckling of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) circular arches due to shrinkage and creep of the concrete core under a sustained uniform radial load. The algebraically tractable age-adjusted effective modulus method is used to model the time-dependent behaviour of the concrete core, based on which the differential equations of equilibrium for the time-dependent analysis of CFST arches are derived and analytical solutions for the long-term displacements, stresses and internal forces of CFST arches under the sustained load are obtained. It is shown that the visco-elastic effects of creep and shrinkage of the concrete core have significant long-term effects on the in-plane structural behaviour of CFST arches. The long-term radial and axial displacements, as well as the bending moment, increase substantially with time. For a CFST arch with a low area ratio of the steel tube to the concrete core, the long-term deformations may be excessive and affect the serviceability of the CFST arch. The increases of the long-term stresses in the steel tube with time are significant, while the long-term stresses in the concrete core decrease with time and may change from compressive to tensile if the time is sufficiently long. It is demonstrated that the time-dependent change of the equilibrium configuration of the CFST arch can lead to a buckling configuration being attained in the time domain under a sustained load, which is lower than the buckling loads of the CFST arch under short-term loading. The solution for the possible prebuckling structural life for time-dependent creep buckling of deep CFST arches is derived and can be used to determine the effects of various parameters on the creep buckling of a CFST arch.     

New method of inelastic buckling analysis for steel frames

In general, the concept of bifurcation stability cannot be used to evaluate the critical load of typical steel frames that have geometric imperfections and primary bending moment due to transverse loads. These cases require a plastic zone or plastic hinge analysis based on the concept of limit-load stability instead. However, such analyses require large computation times and complicated theories that are unsuitable for practical designs. The present paper proposes a new method of inelastic buckling analysis in order to determine the critical load of steel frames. This inelastic analysis is based on the concept of modified bifurcation stability using a tangent modulus approach and the column strength curve. Criteria for an iterative eigenvalue analysis are proposed in order to consider the primary bending moment as well as the axial force by using the interaction equation for beam-column members. The validity and applicability of the proposed inelastic buckling analysis were evaluated alongside elastic buckling analysis and refined plastic hinge analysis. Simple columns with geometric imperfections and a four-story plane frame were analyzed as benchmark problems. The results show that the proposed inelastic buckling analysis suitably evaluates the critical load and failure modes of steel frames, and can be a good alternative for the evaluation of critical load in the design of steel frames.     

Calculation of the deep bending collapse response for complex thin-walled columns: I. Pre-collapse and collapse phases

The increasing complexity of transport vehicles means that more powerful finite element models are needed to simulate their crash behaviour. As existing models' calculation times are long and cannot effectively optimize structures in terms of peak moment and energy management, they should only be used as a final verifying tool. Distinct analytical models have been developed to determine the resistance to collapse of thin-walled structures subjected to a bending load. Part I of this paper concerns the theoretical prediction of bending strength in the pre-failure range for thin-walled structures of relatively complex geometry. Two types of buckling are considered: elastic and plastic.     

Elasto-plastic buckling of compression members as a coupled instability

In the paper the author shows that plastic deformations can be considered as a bifurcational instability of the atomic lattice. Thus, the plastic buckling of a compression bar is examined like a coupled instability between the general buckling by flexural and the local buckling by plastic deformations. The modified Hunt-Burgan model is studied and an interaction relationship between the elastic buckling load and the plastic collapse load is determined. Although this relationship is obtained in an elastic field, the form corresponds to the Ayrton-Perry relationship for plastic buckling, used by Maquoi and Rondal for the analytical expressions of the ECCS buckling curves. However, one can see that the general imperfections corresponding to Eulerian buckling and local imperfection due to residual stresses have different effects, in opposition to Maquoi-Randal relationships. A new relationship for the simple plastic buckling and coupled plastic buckling are proposed.     

Plastic mechanism analyses of circular tubular members under cyclic loading

This paper presents plastic mechanism analyses of circular tubular members under cyclic loading. In particular, it provides new methods of analyses for circular hollow sections subjected to a constant amplitude cyclic pure bending (CCPB) and a large axial compression–tension cycle (ACTC). The procedure described herein for CCPB considers both prebuckling deformation and local buckling. The prebuckling deformation was simulated using a progressively deforming elliptical cross-section which was observed during the test. The local buckling analysis was performed using a rigid plastic mechanism analysis. Good agreement was found between the predicted and measured hysteresis. However, the present model over-estimates the strength and absorbed energy. For the ACTC, good agreement was found between the predicted and measured collapse curves within the compression half-cycle. More work is needed to model the effect of tension developed during the remaining of the loading cycle. The present models consider the actual local buckling deformation of the cross-section and also avoid the complexity involved in the numerical analyses since they provide the most commonly used closed-form solutions.     

On the plastic tripping of flatbar stiffeners

A simple model for plastic tripping of the web of a stocky T-strut subjected to axial compression is presented and the complete collapse behaviour of the model is analysed. The model is an extension of the Shanley model which has been proved useful in the past in understanding several aspects of inelastic column buckling. The column material is assumed to be elastic perfectly plastic. A closed-form solution is obtained for the post-ultimate load shortening behaviour of the present model strut. This solution is compared with the available experimental results and the previous analytical predictions based on Murray's plastic mechanism approach. It is shown that the present results are in better agreement with the experimental results than the previous analytical solutions. The present model grasps the main features of the post-ultimate collapse phenomenon, including tripping of the web and elastic unloading in a part of the cross-section.