基于声电原理触滑觉传感器的研究

滑觉检测是机器人实现软抓取的关键环节,首次提出了一种低成本的基于电声原理的小型滑觉传感器并进行了性能试验研究.该传感器主要由麦克风和一个密封腔组成,结构简单,成本低.通过把物体滑动时造成的微小震动信号转化为声电信号,利用小波分析处理采集到的信号.性能试验表明,该传感器能够提供可靠的触滑动信号.     

一种高实时性滑觉传感器滑动程度判别模式

光电滑觉传感器是利用光电效应原理,将机械的滑动通过光信号转换为电信号加以检测。光电滑觉传感器的实时性与传感器对滑动程度的判别模式直接相关。通过分析典型的滑动信号,对比传统的滑动程度判别模式,提出了一种新的高实时性滑动程度判别模式,即根据滑动信号单个波形和时间轴包围面积,与滑动信号最大值和波形所占时间乘积的比值大小来判断滑动程度。经试验验证:当上述比值小于25%时,被抓物体与机械手间没有相对滑动。     

一种声电式滑觉传感器的实现与测试

滑觉检测是机械手实现软抓取的关键环节,提出了一种简易低成本的、以声电转换器为基础的滑觉传感器,该传感器通过声电转换器拾取由接触与滑动产生的微振动信号,并将其转换成电信号。具体介绍了以声电转换器为基础实现滑觉传感器的测试分析过程,并介绍了该传感器的结构与工作原理、调理电路和信号处理。测试分析结果表明:该传感器可提供有效的接触与滑动信号,其研究与应用具有一定的可行性。     

一种可感知三维力的新型柔性触觉传感器及滑觉识别算法研究

针对智能机器人在软抓取过程中对三维力感知和滑觉识别的需求,以炭黑/石墨烯为敏感材料,硅橡胶为基体,聚酰亚胺为柔性电极,设计了可以实现三维力感知的柔性触觉传感器;同时设计了一种可以实现滑觉识别的基于小波变换-相空间重构-支持向量机(DWT-PSR-SVM)的融合算法.针对机器人软抓取的实验结果表明,该传感器能够有效地检测三维力,通过所设计融合算法能识别在机器人抓取任务中的滑动状态和非滑动状态,可以进一步应用在机器人软抓取的工作中.     

基于柔性三维力触觉传感器的滑觉识别算法研究

针对智能机器人在软抓取过程中对三维力感知和滑觉识别的需求,本文以炭黑/碳纳米管为敏感材料,硅橡胶为基体,聚酰亚胺为柔性电极,设计了可以实现三维力感知的柔性触觉传感器;同时设计了一种可以实现滑觉识别的基于小波变换-相空间重构-支持向量机(DWT-PSR-SVM)的融合算法。针对机器人软抓取的实验结果表明,该传感器能够有效地检测三维力,通过所设计融合算法能识别在机器人抓取任务中的滑动状态和非滑动状态,可以进一步应用在机器人软抓取的工作中。     

基于多感知的空间机械手爪控制研究

对融合了视觉、滑觉、角位移等多种传感器的欠驱动空间机械手爪,研究其对不同形状、质地的物体实现自适应抓取控制。通过传感器反馈控制机械手运动、抓取力,提高机械手的自主能力。在抓取模式选择中,采用基于专家系统的抓取规划,根据物体不同的形状、尺寸选择不同的抓取模式;在抓取力控制中,通过由PVDF制作的滑觉传感器反馈,采用基于滑觉信号的模糊控制方法,对不同质地的物体选择不同的控制参数。通过实验研究验证基于多感知的控制方法对各种物体可以进行可靠的抓取。     

基于光电传感器的输液滴速实时监测系统

目前临床主要由人工统计与控制输液速度,迫切需要简便且实用的监测装置.通过光电传感器将输液液滴转换成脉冲信号,以光电传感器及AT89C51单片机为核心组成输液滴速监视器,仪器由脉冲检测、键盘、液晶显示和操作指示等单元组成.经试验其计数准确、运行可靠,且成本低、体积小、功耗少、操作方便.     

一种光纤智能结构的监控系统设计

提出并设计了一种基于光纤智能结构的新型健康监控系统。系统的硬件由光源组、光学系统、光电传感器、监控主机及PC机组成;系统的软件分为监控主机软件和监控计算机软件,监控主机的程序完成光电信号的采集与处理,并负责与PC机通信,进行结构状态分析和创建监控记录。在航空飞行器常用复合材料E51典型试件中,以网状交叉方式埋入特殊传感光纤(间隔为3 cm),构成光纤智能结构,对该结构进行健康监控试验研究,并作数据分析和损伤位置判定。结果表明:该监控系统性能稳定且效果明显,对智能结构多种状态的检测具有实时、有效且可靠的优点,为光纤智能结构的状态监控提供了新方法。     

基于触滑觉感知的智能假肢抓握控制方法研究

【】触觉和滑觉感知功能是仿生假手不可或缺的感知功能。本文在原有智能假肢的基础上,通过对触滑觉感知方法的研究,包括触滑觉传感器的选型、后续测量电路的设计和测点布局分析等,开发了一种可以同时实现触觉和滑觉感知的智能假肢。进而,通过模糊逻辑控制方法的引入,实现了假肢的可靠抓握功能及抓握保持过程中的自适应响应控制。实验结果表明,该智能假肢可以实现假肢抓握的稳定控制,并在被抓握物体产生滑动时进行精准快速的自适应响应控制。     

货叉运动机械冲突光电型检测装置

为了准确检测堆垛机货叉伸缩时是否与其他物体发生机械冲突,防止冲突造成损害,设计了一种无连线型机械冲突检测装置.装置由偏振滤波型光电传感器、梳齿挡块和多块反射板构成.安装在货叉侧面可滑动的梳齿挡块与物体发生冲突时将遮挡反射板.光电传感器通过检测反射板是否被遮挡来检测是否发生机械冲突.相对于基于摩擦离合器、过流检测以及以往的光电检测和保护方式,该装置不易漏检误检,且与货叉无连线.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.