高斯反射率方形平凹腔激光模场的有限元分析

利用柯林斯公式和边界有限元方法，将方形球面镜腔的衍射积分方程转化为矩阵方程，并对高斯反射率方形平凹腔的模场分布进行了数值计算。研究结果表明，高斯反射率方形平凹腔具有较好的选模性能，可以应用于高功率激光器以获得高质量的激光光束。     

高斯型变反射率圆镜平凹腔本征模场的矩阵分析

利用柱坐标下的柯林斯公式 ,将圆镜平凹腔的衍射积分方程转化为矩阵方程 ,并对平面镜反射率呈高斯分布的圆镜平凹腔的模场分布进行了数值分析 ,结果证明平面镜反射率呈高斯分布的圆镜平凹腔具有良好的选模性能。     

二维轴对称折迭－组合腔CO2激光器失调时的输出光束的近场分析

给出平凹谐振腔和凹平凹谐振腔失调时光轴确定方法。在二维轴对称折迭－组合腔 激光器小角度失调运行时，对非相干并和和相干并和后的输出光束的近场强度分布做了分析和模拟。结果表明：小角度失调对4cm以内的近场影响不大，光强分布仍具有高斯状分布；对4cm以外的近场影响较大，光强分布发生相应的形变，且随着失调角度变大而变大。     

GaAs对脉冲Nd:YAG激光器的调Q和锁模

本文分析半导体材料GaAs对1064nm激光的可饱和吸收特性,在闪光灯抽运的平凹腔和平凸腔Nd:YAG激光器中,插入GaAs样品作为调Q器件,实现了激光器的被动调Q运转,分别获得脉冲宽度32.7ns(平凹腔)和30.9ns(平凸腔)的激光脉冲。实验上研究了平凹腔腔长和输出镜透过率对调Q激光输出性能的影响。当平凹腔腔长增加到125cm时,观察到GaAs对1064nm激光的被动锁模。对上述实验结果给予了合理的理论解释。     

大功率横流CO_2激光横模的测量与模拟

在用大功率激光光束分析仪测量连续运转的7kW横流CO2激光横模的基础上,对激光横模建立了谐振腔的光波传输方程并进行了数值求解。模拟所得横模模式与实测的模式基本相符。分析表明:实验观测到的高阶横模“双模“的形成原因,是串接式谐振腔的前腔和后腔两者的粒子数反转密度空间中心不重合而形成的。     

单横模光子晶体微腔激光器的研究

对单横模激射的光子晶体垂直腔面发射激光器的设计具有指导作用。把单横模光子晶体光纤理论用于光子晶体微腔,分析有效归一化频率随晶格常数和填充比的变化关系;采用时域有限差分方法计算二维空气孔型三角结构光子晶体的完全带隙。利用上述计算结果,选取合适的光子晶体结构参数,实现单横模激射。从载流子数面密度和光子数面密度的速率方程出发,分析了光子晶体的引入对激光阈值的影响。     

激光横模的空间场分布和模模的锁定

本文以方形镜面共焦腔为例,当谐振腔的菲涅耳数N=σ~2/(λL)较大时,用厄米—高斯函数讨论了激光横模的空间场分布。用微扰法讨论了横模的衍射损耗。并讨论了谐振模式的共振条件以及模式的简并等有关问题。 本文还讨论了通过反锁及饱和吸收等方式,在某波段上实现激光横模的锁定和纵模横模同时锁定的有关问题。     

LD泵浦Er3+: Yb3+共掺全固态激光器设计

对LD泵浦Er3+:Yb3+共掺全固态激光器进行了整体设计,利用矩阵光学方法推导了高斯光束经耦合系统聚焦后束腰宽度和像距的计算公式。考虑激光棒的热透镜效应,对有源平平腔、平凹腔进行了数值计算,分析了谐振腔的稳定性。最后,根据激光谐振条件,确定了激光输出镜及滤光片的镀膜方案,为最终获得高效率、稳定的激光输出提供了理论依据。     

孔径光阑对圆镜对称腔光场的影响

利用衍射积分公式和自再现原理，将含孔光阑的圆镜对称腔横模满足的衍射积分方程分解为有限和矩阵方程，并利用求解矩阵本征值和本征向量的方法对该腔横模场分布进行计算。结果证明，孔径光阑的位置和尺寸直接影响激光输出模式和花样。     

二维轴对称-折叠组合腔CO2激光器近场失调分析

为了研究小角度失调对二维轴对称-折叠组合腔CO2激光器输出光束的近场分布的影响,在利用矩阵理论确定平凹谐振腔和凹-平-凹谐振腔失调后的光轴的基础上,采用光束并和思想,对输出光束进行了理论分析和模拟.取得的数据表明,小角度失调对4cm以内的近场强度影响不大,光强仍具有高斯状分布;对4cm以外的近场强度影响较大,光强分布轮廓发生相应的变形,且随着失调角度变大而变大.研究结果表明,在4cm以内的近场具有实用价值.     

The two-cone open resonator

The resonator is an open structure formed by two concave conical reflectors mounted coaxially, and it supports traveling wave resonances. In a simplified wave picture of the field, the normal modes look like a set of plane wavefronts propagating parallel to the axis in one direction and conical wavefronts propagating in the opposite direction. One of the normal modes has TM01- TM0Ntype symmetry for the two traveling waves, and exhibits lower diffraction losses than a plane Fabry-Perot resonator of similar dimensions. This type of mode field established in a suitable dielectric could presumably couple to an electron stream along the axis through the Cerenkov effect, and would thus provide feedback.     

Study of a combined millimeter-wave resonator

We present a theoretical investigation and measurements of a multielement open resonator composed of corrugated waveguides and plane semitransparent reflectors. A periodic-transmission-line model is used to analyze the transverse mode structure and the diffraction Q-factor of the proposed resonator. The setup containing the resonator (equipped with Bragg reflectors), mode converters, and an elliptical mirror is employed for measurements in Ka-band. Two- and three-waveguide-section resonators have been studied. The proposed resonators demonstrate good mode selectivity that permits one to utilize them in high-power millimeter-wave sources     

高功率横流CO2激光器的锥面反射镜谐振腔

根据针-板放电5kW横流CO2激光器的结构特点,设计并实验研究了直角锥面镜作为全反射镜的谐振腔。在菲涅耳-基尔霍夫理论的基础上,引入柯林斯公式并考虑增益影响,推导了锥面谐振腔的衍射积分方程,并进行了相应的模拟计算。研究结果表明,在高功率横流CO2激光器中锥面反射镜与平面输出镜相配合使用组成稳定腔,获得了TEM30的低阶模输出;由于锥面反射镜受加工精度的影响中心残留有加工盲孔,导致TEMmn(m=0,n≠0)的模损耗较大不易耦合输出;而镜面中心场分布很弱的其他低阶模因损耗小,则会优先输出。     

9C1--Single transverse and longitudinal mode Q-switched ruby laser

Single transverse and longitudinal modes have been observed in the output of a passiveQ-switched ruby laser when two spherical mirrors are used for the resonator. This result has been consistently obtained with several rods, with two sets of mirrors of different radius of curvature, and with a few values of reflectivity of the mirrors which proves that it is typical of a spherical resonator. The saturable absorber is a solution of vanadium phtalocyanine in nitrobenzene. To have a single transverse mode, the mirror alignment and the position of the rod within the cavity is critical. When the laser oscillates in a single mode, the output pulse is very reproducible and the fluctuations of peak amplitude and width of the pulse are less than ∼3 percent. Furthermore, as expected, the output beam has a very good spatial coherence and its divergence approaches the limits set by diffraction. As far as peak output power and width of the pulse, the best results have been obtained with one concave and one convex mirror of ∼ 5-m radius of curvature, one mirror being 99 percent and the other 50 percent reflecting. A pulse of 1 MW peak power and 30 ns half-width has been obtained.     

Nonconfocal multimode resonators for masers

The case of a resonator composed of two concave spherical reflectors separated by an arbitrary distance is examined. The general problem of the electromagnetic field distribution over the nonconfocal aperture is first formulated by means of the Huygens principle. The solution of the resulting integral equation is obtained analytically in the highly nonconfocal limit. It was found that when the reflector spacing d is much larger than the radius of curvature b of the reflectors, the aperture field distribution is in the form of traveling waves. For arbitrary d/b, the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the lowest order mode is obtained by numerical solution using the IBM 7090 computer. The diffraction loss was found to increase rapidly when d→2b and a geometrical interpretation of this behavior is given. Furthermore, it was found that as the spacing departs from the confocal value, the apertures are no longer surfaces of constant phase. The optimum spacing for maximum Q of the resonator is also obtained.     

Optical resonators in the approximation of Gauss

A general theory of optical resonators based on the concept of complex point-eikonal is presented. The analysis is limited to the approximation of Gauss. The modes of resonance of open resonators formed by two spherical mirrors facing each other have been obtained in previous works by fitting the wavefronts of Gaussian beams to the mirror surfaces. This method becomes complicated when the resonator contains focusing elements or dielectric slabs. The approach proposed in this paper is more straightforward than previous approaches dealing with this problem and is applicable to resonators containing anisotropic media. The round-trip point-eikonal is first evaluated on the basis of the conventional laws of Gaussian optics. The presence of apertures with Gaussian transmissivity, and of lasers with quadratic transverse variation of the gain, are accounted for by introducing complex round-trip point-eikonals. The modes ψm(x) of the resonator are obtained from a power series expansion of the Green function of a mode-generating system related to the round-trip point-eikonal S of the resonator. The resonance frequencies and the round-trip losses are given by simple and general formulas. The mode fields are described by Hermite-Gauss functions with complex arguments, explicitly in terms of S. For resonators that do not contain apertures, the wavefronts are the same for all the modes and they are plane at planes of symmetry. In reciprocal resonators, clockwise and counter-clockwise modes have the same losses and resonant frequencies, but different mode pattents. These modes are shown to be mutually adjoint. Adjoint modes, with < ψ^†m, ψn> = 0 if m ≠ n, are useful to evaluate the response of optical resonators to incident fields. Results applicable to resonators containing nonorthogonal astigmatic elements are also discussed.     

Fabry-Perot resonators in uniaxially anisotropic media

This paper investigates the resonant modes of Fabry-Perot interferometers with end reflectors embedded in linear, homogeneous, uniaxially anisotropic media. It is shown that for almost all practical cases the resonant modes consist of transverse electric (TE) modes and transverse magnetic (TM) modes relative to the direction of the optic axis in the medium. Two distinct integral equations are derived which together with Maxwell's equations are sufficient to perform a detailed analysis of these modes. However, since the results of the analysis of Fabry-Perot resonators in isotropic regions are available and well understood, the approach of the paper is to reduce a given "anisotropic resonator" to two corresponding equivalent "isotropic resonators": one for determining the TE modes and the other for determining the TM modes. The equivalent isotropic resonator for the TE modes has the same geometry as the actual resonator in the anisotropic medium. The geometry of the equivalent isotropic resonator for the TM modes is derivable in a very simple manner from the geometry of the actual resonator in the anisotropic medium and from the specified orientation of the direction of the optic axis in the medium. The well-known results for resonators embedded in isotropic media may henceforth be applied to determine the resonant modes of the anisotropic resonator.     

Crossed-Cylinder Microwave Resonator (Correspondence)

An open-type X-band resonator was constructed of two cylindrical reflectors with crossed axes, separated by half the radius of curvature. The diffraction loss of this structure was found to be several orders of magnitude less than when the axes of the cylinders were made parallel, while the otherwise equivalent flat-flat resonator had the highest loss of all. A formula for the resonant frequencies of spherical confocal resonators, suitably modified, was found to predict the lowest mode resonances of the crossed-cylinder resonator with good accnracy.