Design of hexagon microstrip antenna for vehicle-to-vehicle communication

Considering the shortcomings of the existing vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V) communication antennas, this paper proposes a regular hexagon broadband microstrip antenna. By loading shorting pins and etching V-shape slots with different size at each angle of the regular hexagon patch, it realizes impedance matching and obtains better impedance bandwidth. The simulated results show that the relative bandwidth of this antenna reaches 35.55%, covers the frequency band of 4.74 GHz to 6.79 GHz. The antenna acquires an omni-directional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane whose out of roundness is less than 0.5 d B. In addition, the antenna is manufactured and tested, whose tested results are basically consistent with simulated results. Because the height of antenna is 3 mm, it is easy to be hidden on roof of a vehicle for V2 V communication.     

超高频RFID系统的宽带圆极化微带天线优化设计

提出一种全球通用超高频RFID读写器终端圆极化天线的优化设计方法。在传统叠层微带天线宽带化的基础上,通过加载中心短路柱和改进T型双馈电功分移相网络扩展天线的轴比带宽,并利用匹配调谐片进一步展宽天线的阻抗带宽,给出天线的设计思路,并进行了电磁仿真优化。最后对天线进行加工试验,测试结果表明在840~960 MHz频带范围内,天线驻波比小于1.5,轴比小于3 dB,增益可达9 dB。所设计的天线已成功应用于超高频四通道读写器终端。     

High dielectric constant microwave probes for sensing soil moisture

Implantable soil moisture sensors suitable for long-term monitoring of moisture in highway subgrades and for similar applications are needed. Two candidate designs of microwave sensors (operating range 4 to 6 GHz) have been investigated for such applications. One design uses the fringing field of a low-loss dielectric slab waveguide (relative dielectric constant of 25) to obtain good resolution for finely divided soil such as bentonite clay with moisture ranging from 10 to 50 percent by dry weight for effective sample volumes of 20 to 40 cm². The response of the dielectric waveguide sensor has been calculated in terms of the effective dielectric constant of the soil-water mixture. A model based on index of refraction yields an effective dielectric constant in reasonable agreement with experiment when effects of ionic conduction are accounted for. Another sensor design, better adapted for coarse materials, such as crushed limestone aggregate, uses waves launched from a tapered dielectric slab. By using either frequency or spatial averaging methods, the launched wave sensor accommodated aggregate particles passed by a 0.63-cm mesh sieve, and was found to have satisfactory resolution for the range of 0- to 10-percent moisture by dry weight.     

应用于WLAN的小型微带天线

为了满足手机无线局域网(WLAN)通信技术的要求,设计了一个三频段单极子贴片天线,通过2个L形支路产生双频辐射。并用软件对该天线进行仿真优化,实现了2.4 GHz、5.2 GHz和5.8 GHz三频段的同时工作,而且该天线结构简单,由L形贴片组合形成,体积小,所占面积为14.5 mm×16.5 mm。仿真结果表明,该天线的尺寸和性能可以在手机WLAN通信系统得到良好的应用     

Magnetically scannable microstrip antenna employing a leakygyromagnetic microstrip line

Rigorous full-wave spectral-domain analyses of a magnetically scannable gyromagnetic microstrip leaky-wave antenna are presented. Varying the DC magnetic bias field by ~6.5%, the maximum radiation angle of the leaky-wave antenna, measured from the horizon, shifts from zero to almost 90°     

Analysis of a microstrip dipole antenna

Assuming a quasi-TEM mode of wave propagation and using a conformal transformation technique, accurate and simple analytic expressions for the characteristic wave resistance and the effective dielectric constant of the microstrip dipole antenna in the mixed dielectric medium have been derived. The theoretical values are in close agreement with the experimental results.     

Analysis of a slot microstrip antenna

The slot microstrip antenna is used as a folded slot dipole symmetrically fed across a gap by means of a strip line. A theoretical model equivalent to several lossy transmission lines had been described previously to explain the bandwidth and the radiation admittance. The theory is improved when coupling between the two equivalent radiating lines of every slot is taken into account, and explains a fourth resonance near the third one, which had been measured on several models. Theoretical results and experiments are in good agreement. They are radiation admittance in a wide frequency band, current distribution along each slot and radiation patterns.     

Low-loss compact Butler matrix for a microstrip antenna

This paper presents the design and realization of a double four-port Butler matrix to feed a four-column array antenna with two orthogonally polarized signals (to obtain polarization diversity). The main goals of this study are the reduction of the size and the losses of the network. In order to meet those requirements, a bi-layer structure, the suspended stripline, has been adopted to support the circuit. Moreover, the complete network has been integrated in a single unit. The double four-port Butler matrix has been etched on both sides of the suspended substrate to solve the problem of the cross between the lines. The broadside suspended 3-dB directional coupler has been chosen for the design of the 3-dB hybrid coupler. In order to change the side of the suspended substrate, contactless transitions have been used. The network is designed to work within the range of frequencies of the GSM-900-MHz standard: band 880 MHz-960 MHz, center frequency f₀=920 MHz. Measured losses for a 4×4 Butler matrix are 0.3 dB     

The omni microstrip antenna: a new small antenna

The omni microstrip antenna is a microstrip-shorted quarter-wave resonator that is wrapped around a cylinder. It is an electrically short antenna, and it can be made to radiate an omnidirectional pattern normal to the axis of the cylinder. Equations governing the design of the antenna are given along with a method of excitation. An example of a design at 41.4 MHz is given, and experimental results are reported.     

An annular-ring microstrip antenna fed by a co-planar feed circuitfor mobile satellite communication use

A new configuration of circularly polarized annular-ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) fed by a branch-line hybrid coupler placed at the inner part of the ARMSA and its design method using an equivalent circuit are presented. Since the ARMSA has a narrow bandwidth and high-input impedance, a parasitic element placed above the ARMSA is employed for not only obtaining a broadband characteristic, but decreasing the input impedance down to 50 Ω. A hybrid coupler to generate circular polarization, therefore, can be connected to the co-planar space of the ARMSA directly without a large-size matching circuit and a very low profile and simple structure can be achieved. The ARMSA is excited at the TM₂₁ mode to produce a conical pattern, which has a high gain in a low-elevation angle for mobile satellite communications. An effective design method using the equivalent circuit is indicated and, as a result, it is obvious that a broadband characteristic is obtained when each resonant frequency of the ARMSA and parasitic element is identical. Experimental results in the L-band showed satisfactory characteristics for vehicle antennas     

Design and performance of a microstrip reflectarray antenna

Microstrip reflectarray antennas present an alternative to conventional directive antennas in that they are flat, inexpensive, easy to install and manufacture, conformal to the mounting surface, easy to package, and they possess high power and beam steering capabilities. For the first time, a comprehensive, experimentally verified design procedure for the microstrip reflectarray is presented. In this design procedure, the microstrip reflectarray has been shown to be an effective linear array capable of beam switching and dual polarization. The design procedure also allows the array to be fed from a feed-horn offset at any given angle to the plane of the array. The design procedure is well suited for CAD programs     

Bandwidth and band-broadening of a rectangular microstrip antenna

Based on the cavity model theory, a set of simple formulas and graphs for calculating both the radiation pattern bandwidth and the impedance bandwidth of a rectangular microstrip antenna are presented with experimental verification. Three kinds of approaches to broaden the bandwidth and their potentiality are reviewed and discussed. A simple broadband technique by means of combination of stub-matching and increasing the antenna thickness is developed. An experimental element with the thickness of 0.05 wavelength is matched by using two stubs, while the input VSWR is measured to be less than 2:1 over a 13% bandwidth.     

Rectangular microstrip antenna for circular polarization

Richmond's reaction integral equation method is used to design a rectangular microstrip patch to produce a circular polarization. A rectangular patch with the aspect ratioa = W_{x}/W_{y}, in the range 1.015- 1.02 and corner fed by a microstrip line, produces circular polarization. For substrate with thicknessd = 0.16cm,a = 1.017the nearly square patch gives maximum bandwidth.     

Analysis of a new compact microstrip antenna

A new compact microstrip antenna element is analyzed. The analysis can accurately predict the resonant frequency, input impedance, and radiation patterns. The predicted results are compared with experimental results and excellent agreement is observed. These antenna elements are more suitable in applications where limited antenna real estate is available     

一种宽带微带八木天线的设计

针对传统八木天线体积过大,难以与其他载体共形,相对带宽很窄的问题,设计了一种宽带微带八木天线。天线采用一种比较简单的馈电方式减小天线的尺寸,利用附加寄生贴片、振子耦合枝节和金属化孔的方式展宽频带和改善天线的阻抗匹配。使用Ansoft公司高频结构仿真器(HFSS)对天线进行仿真设计和优化,并对实物进行测试。最后结果表明,所设计、制作的天线频段在1.81~2.57 GHz内,电压驻波比(VSWR)小于2,相对带宽为31%,在2.4 GHz频率处的增益大于9 dB。仿真和测试结果显示,该宽带微带八木天线基本达到设计要求。     

Analysis of a probe-fed short-circuited microstrip antenna

The input impedance of a probe-fed short-circuited microstrip antenna (SCMSA) is presented. The electric field expression under the microstrip patch by using the Wiener-Hopf technique is used and the electromotive force (EMF) method is applied. Analytical and experimental results for the impedance show the dependence on the dimensions and frequency     

Miniaturised microstrip antenna for MMIC applications

A novel miniaturised quarter wavelength, H-shaped antenna which will find applications in monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) design is presented. The antenna occupies approximately one tenth of the substrate area of a half wavelength patch antenna. The effect on the resonance frequency, bandwidth and gain of the antenna are reported     

Cylindrical-rectangular microstrip patch antenna for circularpolarization

The circular polarization condition for a rectangular microstrip patch antenna on a thin cylindrical substrate is investigated. The theoretical study is based on the modal-expansion theory, which is valid for the thin-substrate case. Numerical results for the aspect ratio of the cylindrical-rectangular patch, the optimal feed point for minimum voltage standing wave ratio and the 3-dB bandwidth for circularly polarized radiation are analyzed. Effects of the curvature on the circular polarization condition are also discussed     

一种可展宽频带的微带贴片天线

提出了一种可展宽频带的微带贴片天线。通过对普通矩形微带贴片天线进行切角而展宽频带。由贴片天线的谐振频率和该贴片上的电流分布出发,研究了产生宽带特性的机理。采用基于有限元算法的高频电磁场仿真软件ANSOFTHFSS对该天线的电特性进行计算,结果表明：该天线的阻抗带宽（S11〈-10dB）达到16％（370MHz）。证明了该方法的有效性。