基于LMD与MCKD的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法

当滚动轴承出现早期故障时,其故障特征信号微弱,且环境噪声较大,因此其早期故障特征一般难以提取。针对上述问题,提出基于LMD与MCKD的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。为了克服局部均值分解(LMD)在早期故障诊断中易受噪声影响的不足,该方法对其包含故障信号大部分能量的前4个乘积函数(product function,PF)分量进行最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD),突出轴承信号中淹没在噪声信号中的周期脉冲成分,最后再对其进行包络解调,便可得到轴承故障特征频率,进而对滚动轴承早期微弱故障进行诊断。实验信号验证了该方法的有效性。     

小波包降噪与LMD相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

局部均值分解(Local mean decomposition,简称LMD)方法是一种新的自适应时频分析方法,并成功运用于滚动轴承故障诊断中,但对噪声比较敏感。为消除噪声对诊断结果的影响,提出了一种小波包降噪与LMD相结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先利用小波包去除信号中的噪声,然后,进行LMD分解,并将分解后PF分量与分解前信号的相关系数作为判断标准,剔除多余低频PF分量,最后,选取有效PF集进行功率谱分析,提取故障特征。通过仿真数据和真实滚动轴承数据的故障诊断实验,其结果验证了本文方法的有效性。     

基于LMD与MCKD的风电机组轴承早期故障诊断方法

当滚动轴承出现早期故障时,其故障特征信号微弱,且环境噪声较大,因此其早期故障特征一般难以提取。针对上述问题,提出基于LMD与MCKD的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。为了克服局部均值分解（LMD）在早期故障诊断中易受噪声影响的不足,该方法对其包含故障信号大部分能量的前4 个乘积函数（product function, PF）分量进行最大相关峭度解卷积（MCKD）,突出轴承信号中淹没在噪声信号中的周期脉冲成分,最后再对其进行包络解调,便可得到轴承故障特征频率,进而对滚动轴承早期微弱故障进行诊断。实验信号验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于局部均值分解和切片双谱的滚动轴承故障诊断研究

针对滚动轴承故障诊断问题,提出一种结合局部均值分解（LMD）和切片双谱的诊断新方法。首先利用LMD算法对故障信号进行自适应分解,分解后获得一组位于不同频带的乘积函数（PF）分量,然后利用本文提出的峭度准则对分解结果进行筛选,筛选出峭度值最大的PF分量,并对其包络信号做切片双谱分析,从而提取出故障特征频率信息。为加快分解速度、减少分解运算量,本文对LMD算法中的循环迭代结束条件做出改进,并利用模拟信号验证了LMD算法的信号分解能力以及切片双谱的噪声抑制和非二次相位耦合谐波剔除能力。最后,运用提出的诊断方法对实测轴承内圈、外圈故障振动信号进行分析,诊断效果良好,证明该方法具有一定的可靠性。     

局部均值分解在旋转机械复合故障诊断中的应用

针对旋转机械复合故障振动信号的非平稳特征,开展一种基于局部均值分解(local mean decomposition, LMD)的旋转机械复合故障诊断方法研究。该方法首先通过局部均值分解方法将振动信号分解为若干个PF分量(product function)和一个残余分量之和,然后通过计算各PF分量与原始复合故障信号的相关系数来确定包含故障特征信息的主要成分;最后针对主要成分中的低频分量进行频谱分析从而提取轴的故障特征。针对主要成分中的高频分量采用包络谱分析提取调制故障特征,即提取轴承故障特征。对齿轮箱的轴承、轴复合故障振动信号的分析结果表明了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

级联双稳随机共振和基于hermite插值的局部均值分解方法在齿轮故障诊断中应用

针对于弱信号在齿轮故障中难以提取问题,提出了一种基于级联双稳随机共振 (Cascaded Bistable Stochastic Resonance,简称CBSR)降噪和局部均值分解（Local Mean Decomposition,简称LMD）齿轮故障的诊断方法。随机共振可有效削弱信号中的噪声,利用噪声增强故障信号的微弱特征;LMD方法可自适应将复杂信号分解为若干个具有一定物理意义上PF分量之和,适合处理多分量调幅调频信号。首先将振动信号进行CBSR消噪处理,然后对消噪信号进行LMD分解,通过PF分量的幅值谱找到齿轮的故障频率。通过齿轮磨损故障诊断的工程应用,表明该方法可以有效提取齿轮故障微弱特征,实现齿轮箱的早期故障诊断。       

基于LMD-MFE和DHMM的滚动轴承故障诊断算法

针对滚动轴承在恶劣环境影响下,其特征信息难以被有效提取出来的问题,提出一种基于局部均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)和多尺度模糊熵(Multiscale Fuzzy Entropy,MFE)的滚动轴承故障诊断算法。首先,利用LMD对轴承振动信号进行分解,得到一系列乘积函数(Product function,PF)分量,并与经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)进行对比,分析其优越性;然后对每一个分量分别提取MFE特征,同时与多尺度样本熵(Multiscale Sample Entropy,MSE)进行对比,分析MFE的优越性;最后结合各个轴承状态的类间平均距离对多个尺度因子下的熵值进行优选,筛选出可分性良好的敏感特征集,并输入到离散隐马尔科夫模型(Discrete Hidden Markov Models,DHMM)模式分类器中对轴承故障类型进行诊断识别。实验结果表明,所提出的基于LMD和MFE的轴承故障诊断算法能较好识别出多种轴承故障类型。     

基于局部均值分解与形态学分形维数的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承振动信号通常具有非线性与低信噪比特点,提出基于局部均值分解（Local Mean Decomposition,LMD）与形态学分形维数的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。采用LMD将滚动轴承振动信号分解为若干个乘积函数（Product Function,PF）分量,计算包含有滚动轴承故障特征的PF分量形态学分形维数,并将其用作特征量判断滚动轴承工作状态及故障类型。实验分析结果表明,该方法能有效用于滚动轴承的故障诊断。     

基于SSWD优化LMD的高速电梯滚动导靴振动信号特征提取

针对奇异值分解(SVD)优化局部均值分解(LMD)方法提取高速电梯滚动导靴振动信号故障特征分量的模态混淆现象,提出一种基于自适应增强小波分解(SSWD)优化LMD的高速电梯滚动导靴振动信号特征提取方法。该方法构建低通滤波器、高通滤波器、小波基函数、尺度函数,利用小波分解(WD)的多分辨率滤波特性将原始信号分解为高频细节特征信号和低频近似信号;对高频细节特征信号进行信号增强、将增强后的高频细节特征信号与低频近似信号进行重构;采用LMD从重构信号中提取能够表征滚动导靴故障特征PF分量,求取PF分量的瞬时Teager能量波形进行对比分析。通过对实际工况信号处理、分析,实验结果表明,相比于SVD优化LMD方法,该方法完整地提取了滚动导靴振动信号的故障特征分量,避免了模态混淆现象出现。     

基于LMD自适应多尺度形态学和Teager能量算子方法在轴承故障诊断中的应用

为了从故障轴承信号中提取包含故障信号的特征频率,提出了基于LMD自适应多尺度形态学和Teager能量算子解调的方法。首先,采用LMD将目标信号分解成有限个PF（Product function,PF）分量,分别对其进行多尺度形态学滤波,利用峭度准则优化形态学结构元素尺度,自适应寻求最优解,最后用Teager能量算子计算各PF分量的瞬时幅值,通过瞬时Teager能量的Fourier频谱识别轴承的故障特征频率。为了验证理论的正确性,进行了数字仿真实验和轴承故障模拟实验,并与EMD形态学和包络解调方法进行了比较,结果表明该算法明显优于其他两种方法,对滚动轴承外圈、内圈和滚子故障的检测精度更高,能够清晰地提取出故障信号的频率特征。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。