岸滤工艺作为纳滤预处理技术的效能和适用性研究

岸滤(RBF)工艺作为一种绿色的水处理工艺,可以去除水中颗粒物、悬浮物和有机物,能作为纳滤工艺的预处理工艺。研究考察了两种岸滤系统对不同水质的处理效能,结果表明模拟沉积层过滤的岸滤系统在不同水质条件下均能保证出水浊度在0.4～1.1NTU,且对水中有机物有28.1%～41.4%的去除率。研究对比岸滤工艺和活性炭吸附作为纳滤预处理工艺的效果。结果表明,在水质较好的情况下,岸滤预处理效果好于活性炭吸附,且岸滤预处理能更有效去除水中大分子有机物,缓解纳滤膜污染和有机物在膜表面的沉积。研究证明岸滤工艺在合适的条件下,适合作为纳滤预处理工艺。     

多介质土壤渗滤系统去除农村污水中典型污染物的研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

多介质土壤渗滤(multi-soil-layering,MSL)系统作为低成本、易维护的农村污水处理技术成为新发展趋势。本文梳理了MSL系统的常见类型与运行原理,阐述了MSL系统去除农村污水中典型污染物的效果及其影响因素,从经济、社会与环境效益角度对MSL系统的应用现状与前景进行了评估,分析了其处理农村污水的优劣势与限制因子。指出应进一步优化MSL系统工艺,深入探究该系统对典型污染物的去除机制,加大其对抗生素耐药基因等新兴污染物的去除研究,为农村污水的高效处理与利用提供理论基础与技术支撑。     

水厂示范工程滤池处理排涝期水质的试验研究

针对排涝期水中高氨氮和有机物污染问题,研究了示范工程滤池联用曝气系统对水中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、CODMn和UV254的去除效果。结果表明高压增氧曝气对增加滤池水中的溶解氧含量最有效,活性无烟煤和活性炭滤池对污染物的去除效果显著优于砂滤池,高压增氧曝气与活性无烟煤滤池联用对污染物的去除效果最好,对氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、CODMn和UV254的平均去除率分别达到73.57%、87.93%、42.65%和37.21%。     

川中丘陵区浅层地下水生物慢滤水处理效果的研究

川中丘陵区浅层地下水生物慢滤工程的试验结果显示出其对常见污染物指标的去除效果。该系统对原水污染物各指标的去除率都在50%以上,而清水池中加臭氧处理后,污染物各指标去除率可达60%以上,出水水质均能达到国家《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749—2006)。此技术可作为农村饮水安全工程建设中的一种实用水处理模式,具有良好的应用价值和推广前景。     

再生水景观水体色度和臭味控制研究

对再生水景观水体的色度和臭味进行测定,分析DePAT(R)系统对其色度和臭味的处理效果.研究结果表明,DePAT(R)系统中旁滤单元对色度有较强的去除能力,但湖水中色度仍出现积累,这主要是由于藻类和悬浮物所引起的;DePAT(R)系统对臭味物质MIB、IPMP、TCA均具有很强的去除能力.     

生物塘碎石床湿地系统处理污水厂尾水研究

将生物塘/人工湿地床组合工艺作为处理系统,用于处理城市污水处理厂尾水,介绍了整个试验系统的设计与运行,并对主要污染物的去除效率进行了分析。连续的监测结果表明,该系统对污水处理厂尾水中的TN、TP和NH4+等均有良好的去除效果,系统出水水质可达《城市污水再生利用——景观环境用水水质》,对于水域污染物总量的消减和控制具有重要意义。     

改进的污水土地处理系统去污试验研究

针对传统的污水慢速渗滤土地处理系统水力负荷较小的缺点，介绍了改进的土地处理系统的工艺过程。分析了该系统对污水中主要污染物的去除情况。     

黄土地区地下渗滤系统脱氮除磷效果试验研究

对西北黄土地区地下渗滤系统处理生活污水的氮磷去除效果进行试验研究.结果表明:在2.4 cm/d的水力负荷下,系统对氨氮、总磷的去除率可达到95%以上,对COD的去除率可达到85%以上;系统熟化后出水中氨氮、COD、总磷分别低于1、30、0.3 mg/L;系统对总氮亦有良好的去除效果,达69.7%.在试验中,硝化效果良好但反硝化效果不够理想,表明在黄土地区,改善渗滤场条件以促进反硝化反应是提高地下渗滤系统总氮去除率的关键.     

茜坑水库流域面源污染最佳管理措施研究

在点源污染得到控制后如何解决面源污染问题,是茜坑水库水质保护工作中的一项重要课题.借鉴美国应用最佳管理措施(BMPs)进行面源污染控制的成功经验,在茜坑水库流域内设计并建造两种串联式BMPs系统,包括滞留池、湿地、草沟以及生物滞流槽、生物滤槽等.实验结果表明,所建造的BMPs对TSS、BOD5、NH3-N和TP等典型的面源污染物都具有较好的去除效果.     

人工湿地植物系统净化氮素污染物试验研究

利用人工湿地试验研究了水葫芦(Eichhorniacrassipes)、大藻(Pistiastratiotes)和水鳖(ydrocharisdubia(Bl.)Backer)等3种水生植物,以无植物单元为对照系统CK,比较它们对总氮TN、氨氮NH3-N和硝氮NO3-N的去除效果.结果表明:(1)水生植物能有效提高污染物去除率,平均去除效果明显优于CK,经计算植物系统平均TN、NH3-N、NO3-N去除率分别比CK提高了45.16％、98.51％及225.17％; (2)3种植物系统对污染物的去除效果均显著优于CK (P＜0.05),且高盖度的水葫芦和大漂去除效果最佳;(3)典型单元各处理IN、NH3-N和NO3-N的出水浓度呈逐级降低趋势,拟合分析得出TN出水浓度随沿程距离的增加而呈线性降低,但个别终端处理池出现浓度反弹现象,如何确定湿地单元的最佳经济长度具有重要意义.     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE PURIFICATION PERFORMANCE OF RIVERBANK

During the rain time, the runoff infiltrates into the riverbank through the collecting gutter and slope surface. The city runoff is generally polluted by organic, oil, heavy metal particulates, etc. The pollutants moving with the water through the riverbank experience advection, dispersion, diffusion, adsorption, biochemical reaction and plant uptaking processes. In this article, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the performance of pollutant removal of the riverbank. The model took those main mechanisms into account. The modified Richards equation was used in simulating flow field. The mass balance law was employed in deriving the equation for pollutant transport, where the diffusion and dispersion were described with the Fick-type law, the adsorption was macroscopically expressed as form isotherm, and the bio-chemical degradation process was assumed to follow the Monod kinetics. The NH3-N and TP were considered in the present model. The mathematical model was descritized with a finite element numerical model, which was applied to two types of model riverbanks. In the model test, the hydraulic loading was assumed to have the intermittent pattern simulating the storm runoff of certain return period, and the values of the rainfall runoff and concentrations of the NH3-N and TP were taken from the model test. The computed overall removal rates for the NH3-N and TP in 6 cases are in the range of 88%-98%, 87%-97%, respectively. The differences between the computed and tested overall removal rates for the NH3-N and TP are less than 5%. The time-varying oscillation pattern of the concentrations of the NH3-N and TP were rationally simulated, which shows that the model presented in this article can be used to assess the purification performance of the riverbank constructed with sand or soil.     

Effects of boundary conditions on the cleaning efficiency of riverbank filtration and artificial groundwater recharge systems regarding bulk parameters and trace pollutants

Drinking water is often produced from surface water by riverbank filtration (RBF) or artificial groundwater recharge (AGR). In this study, an AGR system was exemplarily investigated and results were compared with those of RBF systems, in which the effects of redox milieu, temperature and surface water discharge on the cleaning efficiency were evaluated. Besides bulk parameters such as DOC (dissolved organic carbon), organic trace pollutants including iodinated X-ray contrast media, personal care products, complexing agents, and pharmaceuticals were investigated. At all studied sites, levels of TOC (total organic carbon), DOC, AOX (adsorbable organic halides), SAC (spectral absorption coefficient at 254 nm), and turbidity were reduced significantly. DOC removal was stimulated at higher groundwater temperatures during AGR. Several substances were generally easily removable during both AGR and RBF, regardless of the site, season, discharge or redox regime. For some more refractory substances, however, removal efficiency turned out to be significantly influenced by redox conditions.     

Filter media for stormwater treatment and recycling: the influence of hydraulic properties of flow on pollutant removal.

Improved urban water management in Australia is of national importance. Water resources are stretched and urban runoff is a recognized leading cause of degradation of urban waterways. Stormwater recycling is an option that can contribute to easing these problems. Biofilters are effective structural stormwater pollution control measures with the potential for integration into stormwater treatment and recycling systems. However, premature clogging of biofilters is a major problem, with resulting decreased infiltration capacity (and hence the volume of stormwater the system can detain) and increased detention time. This paper presents preliminary findings with respect to the effect of clogging on pollutant removal efficiency in conventional stormwater filter media. A one-dimensional laboratory rig was used to investigate the impact of clogging on pollutant removal efficiency in a conventional biofiltration filter media (gravel over sand). Both the individual gravel layer and the overall multi-filter were highly efficient at removing suspended solids and particulate-associated pollutants. This removal efficiency was consistent, even as the filters became clogged. Removal of dissolved nutrients was more variable, with little reduction in concentrations overall. Although preliminary, these results challenge the concept that increased detention time improves the treatment performance of stormwater filtration systems.     

Optimising the performance of a lab-scale tidal flow reed bed system treating agricultural wastewater.

A gravel-based tidal flow reed bed system was operated with three different strategies in order to investigate its optimal performance for the treatment of a high strength agricultural wastewater. According to the three strategies, individual reed beds were saturated and unsaturated with the wastewater for different periods while reasonably stable hydraulic and organic loadings were maintained. Experimental results demonstrated that the system produced the highest pollutant removal efficiencies with a relatively short saturated period and long unsaturated period, highlighting the importance of oxygen transfer into reed bed matrices during the treatment. Significant removals of some major organic and inorganic pollutants were achieved under all three operational conditions. Nitrification was not the major route of ammoniacal-nitrogen removal when the system was under high organic loading. Due to the filtration of suspended solids and the accumulation of biomass, gradual clogging of the reed bed matrices took place, which caused concerns over the long-term efficiency of the tidal flow system.     

改性沸石生物滤池处理中水景观污染水体实验研究

;利用改性沸石良好的吸附性能,设计建立改性沸石生物滤池装置,实验研究改性沸石在中水景观污染水体中脱氮性能,以及形成改性沸石生物膜系统后装置去除污染物的效果,并对污染物去除的机理进行讨论.结果表明,该装置具备良好的去除污染物效果,而且可通过生物作用使改性沸石再生.     

Fate of effluent organic matter (EfOM) and natural organic matter (NOM) through riverbank filtration.

Understanding the fate of effluent organic matter (EfOM) and natural organic matter (NOM) through riverbank filtration is essential to assess the impact of wastewater effluent on the post treatment requirements of riverbank filtrates. Furthermore, their fate during drinking water treatment can significantly determine the process design. The objective of this study was to characterise bulk organic matter which consists of EfOM and NOM during riverbank filtration using a suite of innovative analytical tools. Wastewater effluent-derived surface water and surface water were used as source waters in experiments with soil columns. Results showed the preferential removal of non-humic substances (i.e. biopolymers) from wastewater effluent-derived surface water. The bulk organic matter characteristics of wastewater effluent-derived surface water and surface water were similar after 5 m soil passage in laboratory column experiment. Humic-like organic matter in surface water and wastewater effluent-derived surface water persisted through the soil passage. More than 50% of total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal with significant reduction of dissolved oxygen (DO) was observed in the top 50 cm of the soil columns for both surface water and wastewater effluent-derived surface water. This was due to biodegradation by soil biomass which was determined by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations and heterotrophic plate counts. High concentrations of ATP in the first few centimeters of infiltration surface reflect the highest microbial activity which correlates with the extent of DOC reduction. Good correlation of DOC removal with DO and biomass development was observed in the soil columns.     

Experimental investigation on water treatment by the combined nano MgO-nanofiltration technique

A combined system using nano MgO and nanofiltration (NF) membrane was established to purify polluted water in this experiment. The turbidity, permanganate index, UVA254, colony counts and the concentrations of NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, Fe, Mn and Mg of the effluents from each unit of this combined system were measured to investigate the pollutant removal of this system. Based on the results obtained, the combined nano MgO-NF system could efficiently remove many kinds of pollutants in this experiment, including organic matter, nitrogen species, heavy metals, suspended solids and bacteria. And the effluents could meet the standard of drinking water. Furthermore, increasing the nano MgO dosage could not elevate the removal ratio of the pollutants, but only increase the Mg content of the effluent. Thus, 0.05 g L(-1) of nano MgO may be a suitable dosage for 2,000 L of polluted water treatment. Also, the operating pressure of NF membrane had no significant effect on pollutant removal when the operating pressure of NF membrane was increased from 0.3 to 0.9 MPa.     

A pollutant removal prediction tool for stormwater derived diffuse pollution.

This report describes the development of a methodology to theoretically assess the effectiveness of structural BMPs with regard to their treatment of selected stormwater pollutants (metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and herbicides). The result is a prioritisation, in terms of pollutant removal efficiency, of 15 different BMPs which can inform stormwater managers and other stakeholders of the best available options for the treatment of urban runoff pollutants of particular environmental concern. Regardless of the selected pollutant, infiltration basins and sub-surface flow constructed wetlands are predicted to perform most efficiently with lagoons, porous asphalt and sedimentation tanks being the least effective systems for the removal of pollutants. The limitations of the approach in terms of the variabilities in BMP designs and applications are considered.     

灰水处理及回用技术研究综述

由于灰水污染物浓度较低,水量占比大,约占家庭生活污水总量的75%左右,容易实现灰水处理与再生利用,因此研究灰水回用技术具有重要的现实意义。综述了不同地区的灰水水量和水质特点,总结分析了过滤、人工湿地、膜生物反应器等不同处理技术对灰水的处理效果。结果表明,灰水的产生量受生活方式、气候条件等因素影响。灰水中的污染物主要与使用的洗涤剂类型有关,并受到其他家庭活动的影响。人工湿地和过滤技术能有效去除灰水中的污染物,是较适宜的灰水处理技术。当前国内外更多的关注了单项处理技术对灰水中污染物的去除效果,未来应该结合灰水的水量水质特点研发针对不同回用目标的灰水处理组合工艺,研究灰水中微污染物去除技术,确保公众健康。