喷雾参数对喷雾冷却换热特性影响的实验研究

搭建了一套封闭式喷雾冷却实验系统(水为工质),利用高速摄像仪对实验进行了可视化研究,分析对比了喷雾高度和喷雾压力在光滑表面及微结构表面对喷雾冷却换热特性的影响。结果发现:相比于光滑表面,在微结构表面上,喷雾高度和喷雾压力对喷雾冷却换热的影响更加明显。当喷雾高度较高时,降低喷雾高度可明显提高热流密度,直至喷雾高度较低且喷雾底圆与换热面内接时,继续降低喷雾高度,热流密度也略有上升;反之,提高喷雾高度则会降低热流密度,减小工质的有效流量,使换热表面过早出现干涸,表面温度均匀性变差。但大幅降低喷雾高度会延迟喷雾冷却进入两相区换热,降低喷雾冷却效率,并不利于换热。所以,喷雾高度对喷雾冷却换热特性的影响具有两面性,而喷雾压力的影响则趋于单一性,增大喷雾压力能提高喷雾冷却热流密度,增强表面温度均匀性,尤其在单相区,随着喷雾压力的增大,热流密度明显增大,最后趋近于一个固定值。     

以乙醇溶液为冷却工质的开式喷雾冷却系统实验研究

在开式循环喷雾冷却系统上研究质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%、50%、70%、99%的乙醇溶液对喷雾冷却效果影响,结果表明:热沉表面热流密度和传热系数先随乙醇水溶液浓度的增大先增大,当乙醇质量分数为50%时达到最大值,随后随乙醇浓度的增大而减小。体积流量0.944 46L/min,乙醇质量分数为50%时,喷雾冷却传热系数为6.41 W/(cm~2·K),热流密度为216.04W/cm~2,较之纯水传热系数增加了34.95%,热流密度增加了24.9%。结果表明使用乙醇溶液作为冷却剂的喷雾冷却系统能同时满足高热流密度和低换热表面温度的要求,具有良好、稳定的换热冷却能力。推导了反映介质喷雾特性和蒸发强度对换热影响的光滑表面量纲一换热准则方程,涉及的物理参量较少,因此可方便用于工程设计。     

微槽道表面喷雾冷却的实验研究

本文建立了以蒸馏水为工质的开放式喷雾冷却系统,研究了工质体积流量、槽道宽度、槽道高度对喷雾冷却系统换热性能的影响。结果表明:保持槽道高度为0.8 mm,喷雾流量为0.45 L/min时,随着槽底宽度从4 mm减小至1 mm,传热系数增加了41%;而当喷雾流量为1.25 L/min时,表面传热系数仅增加了8.5%,因此减小槽底宽度对喷雾冷却效果有一定的促进作用,但大流量时并不明显;保持槽底宽度为2 mm,改变槽道高度,当喷雾流量为0.45 L/min时槽道高度对热沉表面的换热影响较大,存在最优槽道高度(0.8 mm),此时热流密度和表面传热系数分别为198.5 W/cm~2、2.75 W/(cm~2·K),与光滑面相比增加了21.25%和30.95%,且存在最低表面温度;而当喷雾流量增至1.25 L/min时,喷雾冷却效果随着槽道高度的增加而持续增加。在以上基础上推导了微槽表面喷雾冷却强化换热机理,得出反映槽道尺寸对换热影响的微槽群表面无量纲准则方程。     

喷雾冷却临界传热特性试验研究

为了进行极限热工况下的喷雾冷却传热特性研究,设计并搭建采用蒸馏水及乙醇溶液喷雾冷却试验台,分析结构参数、喷雾流量、喷雾腔内压力等对喷雾冷却临界热流密度的影响。试验结果表明:临界热流密度随槽道深度增加先增大后减小,最佳槽道深度为0.8 mm,此时临界热流密度达到326 W/cm^2;随着喷雾流量的增加,临界热流密度始终增大;喷雾腔内压力对临界热流密度基本没有影响。计算结果表明,喷雾冷却效率随槽道深度增加而提升,随喷雾流量的增加而减弱。     

R134a喷雾冷却系统换热性能研究

本文建立了以R134a为冷却工质的封闭式喷雾冷却系统,研究了工质过冷度、质量流量和热流密度对喷雾冷却系统换热性能的影响。其中,工质过冷度由喷嘴入口前的过冷段控制,质量流量通过变频齿轮泵调节,热流密度通过改变加热电源电压和电流控制。实验结果表明,在热流密度和质量流量保持不变时,改变过冷度对热源表面温度和换热系数的影响并不明显;在热流密度和过冷度保持不变的条件下,系统存在一个临界质量流量值,在质量流量达到临界值之前,热源表面温度随质量流量的增大而降低,当质量流量高于临界值时,热源表面温度随质量流量的增大而升高;当质量流量和过冷度保持不变时,存在一个热流密度使液滴的蒸发量等于补充量,在此热流密度下热源表面系数能达到最大。     

喷雾参数对豆腐真空冷却效果的影响

真空喷雾冷却因其可以有效降低食品真空冷却过程的失水率而受到广泛关注。本文研究了喷雾高度、喷雾流量、喷雾时间、喷雾倾角对豆腐真空喷雾冷却过程冷却时间和失水率的影响。结果表明：喷雾高度对降低质量损失具有显著作用。随着喷雾高度的增加,食品冷却时间增加,失水率呈先减小后基本不变的趋势。在较小的喷雾流量下（5~14 mL/min）,当喷雾高度相同时,喷雾流量对食品失水率无显著影响,但冷却时间随喷雾流量的增大而增加。喷雾时间增加,冷却时间增加,但其失水率会显著降低,当喷雾时间由0 min增至14.50 min时,冷却时间由8.08 min增至15.50 min,增幅为91.83%,失水率由10.49%降至2.93%,降幅达72.07%。当喷雾倾角由90°降至45°,失水率由2.97%增至6.44%,冷却时间呈先降低后基本不变的趋势。     

板式蒸发冷却空冷器的阻力和传热特性实验研究

通过改变风量、水量和增湿供水量,对板式蒸发空冷器阻力及传热特性进行实验研究,得到干工况下空气侧和热水侧的阻力及对流换热系数关联式.实验结果表明,增湿工况下,空气侧阻力几乎不受影响,换热系数随增湿供水量增加而增大,约为干工况时的6倍.     

摇摆激励喷雾冷却实验装置设计

喷雾冷却技术广泛应用于高热流密度机载设备的高效换热。为更好地开展喷雾冷却换热特性实验研究,设计并搭建了摇摆激励喷雾冷却实验装置。首先,通过监测温度、压力及流量等实验数据,以及对模拟加热源进行热沉壁面温度、热流密度和传热系数的不确定度分析,设计了喷雾换热腔系统、摇摆控制系统和数据采集分析系统。然后,通过开展不同幅度摇摆激励下的稳态喷雾冷却换热特性实验来验证所设计装置及方法的可行性。结果表明,喷雾冷却分为浸没喷雾、半浸没喷雾及正常喷雾三个阶段;摇摆激励引起的换热废液不正常排出导致喷雾冷却换热行为发生了变化,在摇摆过程中热沉壁面温度和热流密度剧烈波动;摇摆停止后积液开始不断减少,随着积液高度的不断降低,喷雾冷却换热特性随之变动。在喷雾冷却过程中,幅度不同的摇摆激励下热沉壁面温度的增幅最高可达26.47%,约升高了10.915℃;铜柱热流密度的降幅高达5.42%,约下降了4.126 W/cm²。所设计的实验装置稳定可靠,对机载设备喷雾冷却换热特性的研究和工程应用具有一定价值。     

喷雾量对移动空调冷凝器喷雾冷却性能的影响

本文在焓差实验室中,对一款双风管设置的移动空调的冷凝器左下角和右下角位置设置了喷嘴进行喷雾冷却,测试了在室外侧35℃/24℃(干球温度/湿球温度)、室内侧27℃/19℃(干球温度/湿球温度)时,该移动空调系统的不同状态点温度、耗电量以及制冷量,分析了喷雾量从0.55～2.10 g/s对移动空调性能的影响规律.结果表明:...     

Experimental study on key geometric parameters of an R134A ejector cooling system

Ejector geometric parameters largely depend on condensation pressure of working fluids. The area ratio of the ejector is much smaller than that of ejector cooling systems using lower condensation pressure working fluids when R134A is used as working fluid. Consequently, it deserves to study other key geometric parameters when using this working fluid. In this paper, the ejector cooling system with R134A was established first. Next, the influence of three geometric parameters such as nozzle exit position, the length of constant-area section and diverging angle of primary nozzle on the ejector performances was investigated via experimental methods. The results showed that the influence of nozzle exit position on ejector performance is evident as compared to the other two. Moreover, optimal geometric parameters and dimensionless parameters between them were obtained and compared to those of lower condensation pressure systems. This provided simple but practical ejector design guidelines for real engineering applications.     

Experimental investigation on two-stage thermoelectric cooling system adopted in isoelectric focusing

Performance of temperature control is crucial to the operation of isoelectric focusing equipment (IEF). In this paper, two-stage thermoelectric cooling module (TEM) is proposed to be adopted in IEF to realize prompt and precise temperature control as well as low focusing temperature (T_f). Three different prototypes including HP + baffle, AL + baffle and HP + fin are developed to obtain optimal design. Experimental setups of these prototypes are built up to test their performance. Temperature distribution on cooling plate, COP and air temperature in bottom chamber with respect to different T_fs are adopted as performance indices to evaluate performance of these prototypes. Experimental results show that aluminum plate with heat pipes, used as cooling plate, can improve its temperature uniformity. Moreover, fin-type heat sink with baffle can effectively dissipate heat on the hot side of TEM with little impact on the other parts of IEF. The T_f of HP + baffle can be kept at 10 °C. And its COP can reach 2.0 under general working condition.     

Experimental investigation of evaporative pulse-spray impingement cooling

This paper describes an experimental facility and methods for measuring the aerodynamic and thermal parameters in the interaction between a pulse spray and a vertical surface. The spray-forming unit contains 16 atomizers with opening time regulation (from 1 to 10 msec) and a frequency of up to 50 Hz. The experiments were performed in the regime of evaporation of the liquid precipitated on the surface in the form of separate drops, rivulets, and a continuously flowing sheet. It has been shown that depending on the time parameters of the pulse spray, the integral heat transfer can effectively be controlled over a wide range.     

Gravity effect on spray impact and spray cooling

An experimental study of the film produced by the spray impact on a heated target and of the spray cooling has been performed in normal gravity and in microgravity conditions during parabolic flights. A convex shape of the target allowed visualization of the film evolution and determination of the film characteristics using the image processing. The effects of the spray parameters and of the gravity level on heat transfer have been investigated. It has been found that the spray cooling efficiency depends on the water flow rate in a non-monotonous way. A range of spray parameters at which the effect of gravity level on heat transfer is significant has been determined. It has been found that the spray cooling is less effective in microgravity conditions in comparison with normal gravity and hypergravity.     

雾化特性及系统参数对闭式喷雾冷却系统性能的影响

搭建了以R22为冷却介质的闭式喷雾冷却实验台,通过更换3种不同的喷嘴,分析对比了不同喷嘴类型和喷雾高度下传热性能的变化规律。实验结果表明:选择喷嘴时必须同时考虑喷雾流量和雾化角度的影响;雾化角较小的喷嘴在低高度下适用性较好。同时,研究了系统参数如过冷度和充注压力对喷雾冷却传热性能的影响,得出过冷度对喷雾冷却性能有一定促进作用,但过冷度越大,促进效果越弱;表面传热系数和表面温度均随充注压力的升高而升高,因此高充注压力不适用于需严格控制温度的表面冷却。     

Experimental investigation of the cooling of the system water-ice-soil while a pipe is put into operation

The article presents the results of the experimental investigation of the start of an underground pipe when a freezing liquid is transported in it.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 50, No. 6, pp. 969–974, June, 1986.     

射流冲击冷却系统实验性能研究

对一闭式射流冲击冷却系统的循环冷却性能进行了实验研究,讨论了循环流量和喷射压差对冷却循环系统性能的影响.为了分析射流换热性能的差异,对不同喷射压力和流量的工况进行分析,并通过对喷射腔内的喷射状态观察,与相关的换热试验性能进行了对比分析.     

喷雾降温技术在大型发电厂直接空冷系统中的应用

应用直接空冷系统的空冷电站,在夏季极端高温条件下运行时机组性能会明显下降。在空冷单元中添加喷雾冷却装置能够极大改善空冷机组的运行特性。本文设计一套将喷雾增湿与蒸发冷却技术相结合的新型空冷喷雾装置。采用数值模拟与实验相结合的方式分析添加该喷雾系统后空冷单元的运行特性。结果显示该新型系统的空气降温与汽轮机背压降低效果良好。对应用该喷雾技术后的工程实例进行分析,实际运行情况表明该机组在夏季极端高温条件下运行良好,且耗水量被控制在理想的范围内。     

Experimental investigation on the cooling helium circulation of the internal purifier pilot plant

The internal purifier is utilized to remove impurities from impure helium, keep the helium free of any gaseous contaminants. However, there is few report on the performance improvement of the internal purifier. In this paper, we present a novel circuit of the experimental platform with GM cryocooler providing a separated cooling helium circulation as the refrigeration power supply for investigating the performance the internal purifier. Namely, that circuit is easily constructed by extracting a small stream of helium from the high-pressure side of the GM cryocooler serving as the cooling helium circulation. The experiment is then carried out to test the mass flow and the temperature of the cooling helium circulation. The impact of the modification on the cold head is also estimated. It is finally demonstrated that the circuit is sufficient to guarantee the cooling supply of the whole experimental system, which means that the modification is suitable and efficient.