变温度区间冻融作用下岩石物理力学性质研究及工程应用

利用取自西藏玉龙铜矿的花岗岩试样进行变温度区间的冻融循环实验,分析饱水状态花岗岩在四种温度区间（-10℃~20℃、-20℃~20℃、-30℃~20℃、-40℃~20℃）冻融循环作用下的质量损失率、饱和吸水率、单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、峰值应变、泊松比、冻融系数。将实验结果应用于具体工程实例中,采用强度折减法计算冻融循环对花岗岩边坡稳定性的影响程度,分析边坡破坏模式,并提出相应的防护措施。研究结果表明：随着冻融温度下限的降低,花岗岩试样质量损失率、饱和吸水率、峰值应变略有增大,单轴抗压强度、弹性模量有所减小,温度下限降低至-30℃以下时,花岗岩抗冻性由较好变为较差。温度区间是岩石冻融过程中影响其物理力学性质的重要原因,该研究可为岩石冻融循环室内实验与寒区岩质边坡工程的有效结合提供参考。     

不同循环上限荷载下泥质石英粉砂岩力学特性试验研究

通过开展循环加卸载转单调加载试验和疲劳破坏试验,揭示循环荷载下泥质石英粉砂岩的变形和力学响应特征.试验与研究结果表明,当循环上限荷载位于疲劳强度前后,试件的轴向和横向累计残余应变由单调递增凸曲线向凹曲线延伸,滞回环间距由"疏-密"向"疏-密-疏"发展,残余应变率和滞回环相对面积由L形向U形转化;弹性模量由初始快速上升、...     

温度循环条件下镀层表面的Sn须生长行为

采用TO220封装的电子元件,研究了在温度循环条件下,元件Cu引脚上纯Sn镀层的Sn须生长行为.研究发现,Sn须在温度循环条件下的生长呈现出较高速率、较高密度、较一致长度的特点.随着温度循环次数的增加,Sn须密度和长度不断增加;与此同时,镀层表面Sn须的附近区域出现凹坑.研究表明,Cu-Sn金属间化合物的生长速率很快,使得镀层内部压应力增大,Sn须生长驱动力增加;同时,不同材料热失配产生的低周疲劳热应力,为Sn须的生长提供了额外的驱动力.此外,交变的热应力更容易破坏表面氧化膜促进Sn须的生长.满足应力条件和取向条件的晶粒首先发生Sn须生长,高密度的Sn须生长诱发部分晶粒发生向内的变形,在镀层表面形成大量的凹坑.     

不同温度环境下Al–7Zn–2.5Mg–2.0Cu–0.1Zr–0.2Sc合金的力学行为研究

目的 研究不同时效时间对Al–7Zn–2.5Mg–2.0Cu–0.1Zr–0.2Sc合金强度的影响,以及室温和-40℃这2种温度环境对该合金疲劳行为的影响。方法 在不同时效时间下对Al–7Zn–2.5Mg–2.0Cu–0.1Zr–0.2Sc合金进行热处理,并采用透射电镜观察其显微结构以解释不同时效时间下强度变化的原因。在不同外加总应变幅的条件下,对T6态该合金进行低周疲劳实验,对比研究Al–7Zn–2.5Mg–2.0Cu–0.1Zr–0.2Sc合金在不同温度环境下的低周疲劳行为。结果 随着时效时间的延长,不同温度环境下Al–7Zn–2.5Mg–2.0Cu–0.1Zr–0.2Sc合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度都先升高后降低,-40℃环境下的屈服强度和抗拉强度均高于室温环境下的。在低应变幅时,合金的循环应力响应行为特征总体呈稳定趋势,在高应变幅时,合金的循环应力响应行为先表现为循环稳定特征,后表现为循环硬化特征。同一应变幅下,-40℃环境下合金的循环应力幅值高于室温环境下的,而合金的低周疲劳寿命则随着温度的降低而下降。此外,在室温和-40℃低周疲劳加载条件下,疲劳变形机制为平面滑移机制。当应变幅...     

Permanent deformation characteristics of silty sand subgrades from multistage RLT tests

Rutting is one of the main forms of distresses in thin flexible pavement structures, often associated with accumulation of permanent deformation in unbound granular layers and subgrade soils under traffic loading. Realistic prediction of surface rutting requires models that can reliably capture the cumulative plastic deformation of pavement unbound layers under repeated loads. This study presents an evaluation of three models that incorporate the time-hardening concept for prediction of permanent deformation of silty sand subgrade materials. A series of multistage repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests, in which the material underwent a wide range of continuous stress conditions, were carried out on two silty sand subgrades. The RLT tests were conducted at four different moisture contents in which pore suctions were measured throughout the test. In the modelling of the permanent deformations, the effective stress approach was used taking into account the effects of soil suctions. The material parameters of the predictive models were optimised using the RLT test data and the effect of moisture content (matric suction) on the permanent deformation characteristics of the materials and the predictive model parameters were investigated. Generally, it was observed that the modified models that are based on the shakedown approach performed reasonably well in capturing the permanent deformation behaviour of the selected subgrade materials with minor discrepancies between the models. This indicates that using multistage RLT tests can be an efficient approach for characterising the permanent deformation behaviour of subgrade soils.     

On the assessment of the mechanical characteristics of rail steels under operating conditions

The analysis of the mechanical state of the materials of a new rail and a rail after long-term operation are performed on the basis of the obtained data on the distributions of hardness over the cross sections of rails and the spread of the characteristics of hardness.     

尾矿砂物理力学性能测试及坝体稳定性分析

为测试某上游式尾矿库内尾矿砂的物理力学性能,并论证坝体当前稳定性,通过室内土工试验和BI-90 Plus型激光粒度分析仪对原状尾矿砂进行全面测试与分析,得到尾矿砂13项基本物理性质指标和4项力学性质指标,同时计算3种工况下的坝体稳定性安全系数。研究结果表明:铜尾矿为细粒尾矿,渗透性差、可塑性强且膨胀性和收缩性显著,粒径大小及其含量近似呈Gauss分布;细粒尾砂含量越高,黏聚力越强,而内摩擦角和渗透系数越小,且差异达数倍至数十倍,分析认为这可能与尾矿颗粒中黏粒含量有关;3种工况下计算出的最小安全系数均明显大于规范要求值,表明其稳定性较好;按照尾矿颗粒级配和物理力学特性科学、合理的放矿,对坝体稳定性至关重要。试验结果可为研究尾矿砂的工程力学特性和坝体稳定性提供详实的数据支撑。     

Dynamic behaviour of dry and water-saturated sand under planar shock conditions

Plane shock-wave experiments were performed on dry and partially water-saturated sand, using three water contents, in order to validate predictive models of material behaviour at stress levels between 1 and 10 GPa. Gas and powder guns were used to load the sample under uni-axial strain conditions at low and high stress levels, respectively. Wave motions were detected by piezoelectric pins in the samples and a VISAR (Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector) recorded the free-surface velocity on the back target. This study presents both experimental and simulated results. Experimental data are used to determine shock Hugoniot states. Significant differences are observed in the dynamic response of the materials under various water-saturated conditions, and are reproduced with good agreement by numerical simulations using the ARMORS (A Rheological MOdel of Rocks Saturated) model.     

Certain characteristics of fracture of polypropylene under the influence of aggressive media,temperature, and mechanical loads

This article describes a method of determining the long-term strength of plastics under a combined influence of mechanical loads (uniaxial tension), temperature, and aggressive media. Data are reported on the time-to-rupture of polypropylene in air, water, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, and a 10% NaOH solution at 20–140° C at stresses of up to 0.6 UTS.     

Micromechanical modeling for behavior of silty sand with influence of fine content

The numerical simulation program of PFC2D (Particle Flow Code in 2 Dimension) particle flow based on the flow-solid coupling principle and, on its built-in FISHTANK function library and FISH language, defines the flow equation and pressure equation of fluid domain respectively, and carries out numerical simulation calculations on the diffusion process and, on the morphology and particle displacement of slurry during the slurry injection process. By adjusting the parameters of hist, n_bond, s_bond and measure in the PFC command flow, the tracking of granular body displacement changes is achieved, and the mesoscopic mechanism such as the diffusion law of soil slurry at different depths and the change of formation porosity is revealed. The numerical calculations show that: the grouting pressure has a significant effect on the alteration and destruction of the formation structure, and the fracturing effect becomes gradually worse with increasing adhesive strength, while the porosity increases significantly with increasing grouting pressure. Based on the elastic-plastic theory of the Mohr-Colomb criterion to theoretically derive the stress field of the soil around the borehole, it is pointed out that the mechanical mechanism of annular tension and radial compression is the fundamental reason for the appearance of fracturing grouting action mode. The increase of slurry viscosity is beneficial to improve the grouting effect of fracturing-compacting grouting, while the increase of friction coefficient has little effect on the grouting effect. The comparative analysis of the laboratory tests shows that the PFC2D simulation of the grouting process is feasible.