木薯代替玉米对鹅饲养效果的研究

选择28日龄四川白鹅96只,随机分为4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复8只,进行为期42 d的饲养试验.结果表明:玉米组、木薯替代35%玉米饲粮组、木薯替代55%玉米饲粮组、木薯替代75%玉米饲粮组,平均日增重分别为42.30、39.19、39.38和39.82 g,但组间差异不显著(P＞0.05);各组鹅的胴体肉用性能指标无明显差异(P＞0.05);用木薯饲粮喂鹅会造成经济效益不同程度的下降.     

糙米型日粮不同蛋白水平对溆浦鹅种鹅产蛋性能的影响

240日龄溆浦鹅种鹅400只,随机分为五组,每组五个重复,每个重复16只鹅(公母比例1∶3),饲喂糙米型日粮,各试验组日粮蛋白水平分别为13%、14.5%、16%、17.5%及19%,能量均为11.00MJ/kg。试验结果为:①各试验组产蛋率均超过0.3,其中16%和17.5%蛋白水平组产蛋率和平均蛋重显著的高于13%蛋白水平组(p<0.05),料蛋比、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳比例显著低于13%蛋白水平组(p<0.05);②各试验组种蛋受精率和孵化率均超过96%和90%,其中16%、17.5%和19%蛋白水平组的孵化率显著高于13%蛋白水平组(p<0.05),17.5%和19%蛋白水平组的健雏率显著高于13%的蛋白水平组(p<0.05);③16%、17.5%和19%蛋白水平组鹅血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶和门冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性均显著高于13%和14.5%两个低蛋白水平组(p<0.05);19%蛋白水平组血清尿酸含量显著高于其它各组(p<0.05);④16%和17.5%蛋白水平组种鹅血清孕酮和雌二醇浓度显著高于13%蛋白组(p<0.05)。结果表明:糙米型日粮饲喂溆浦鹅种鹅是可行的;在代谢能为11.00MJ/kg的条件下,溆浦鹅种鹅糙米型日粮中适宜蛋白水平为16%,适宜蛋能比为14.5g/MJ。     

日粮添加稀土壳糖胺降低蛋白水平对小鼠生长的影响

研究在日粮中添加0.05％稀土壳糖胺条件下,降低日粮蛋白水平对小鼠生长性能的影响.试验选用60只小鼠,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每重复4只,各组间平均初始体重差异不显著.试验Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础日粮(含20％粗蛋白质),试验Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加0.05％稀土壳糖胺,试验Ⅲ组饲喂低蛋白日粮(含18％粗蛋白质),添加0.05％稀土壳糖胺.结果表明:试验Ⅲ组与对照组相比,小鼠的平均采食量无显著差异,平均增重极显著高于对照组,料重比差异不显著;与试验Ⅱ组相比,小鼠的平均采食量显著增加,平均增重无显著差异,料重比极显著提高.本试验条件下稀土壳糖胺适宜的添加水平为0.05％.     

β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对肉仔鸡生长性能和新城疫抗体水平的影响

将240只1日龄艾维菌肉仔鸡雏随机分为4组,每组60只,各组日粮在基础日粮中分别添加0、30、80和120 mg/kg的β-羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge-132),试验为期7周.(1)在49日龄,30 mg/kg有机锗添加组只均增重、只日均增重明显低于对照组(P<0.05),料肉比与对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),这表明Ge-132可能对肉鸡生长有负面影响;80、120 mg/kg有机锗添加组只均增重、只日均增重、料肉比与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05).(2)添加有机锗对各组试鸡血清新城疫病毒(NDV)抗体水平没有显著影响(P>0.05),但在28日龄,30、80 mg/kg有机锗添加组试鸡血清NDV抗体水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05).在试验条件下,日粮中添加有机锗对肉仔鸡生长发育无明显促进作用.     

中草药饲料添加剂对种鹅繁殖性能和血清生化指标的影响

选择3年龄产蛋种鹅224只(四川白鹅),成年皖西白公鹅56只,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,两组试验基础日粮相同,试验组在对照组日粮的基础上添加3%的中草药添加剂,试验62d。试验结果表明:两组种鹅产蛋率、每枚蛋重、日采食量比对照组分别高8.56%(P>0.05)、0.30%(P>0.05)、1.96%(P<0.05);试验组种鹅料蛋比、蛋破损率比对照组分别低6.31%(P<0.05)和16.01%(P>0.05);入孵种蛋受精率比对照组高6.59%(P<0.05),入孵蛋孵化率比对照组高6.65%(P<0.05),健雏率比对照组高2.09%(P>0.05);试验组种鹅血清中碱性磷酸酶、总蛋白质、总钙、磷、甘油三酯比对照组分别高3.63%、11.48%、8.07%、12.57%和43.83%,差异都不显著(P>0.05);而试验组种鹅血清中尿酸、葡萄糖比对照组分别低17.42%(P>0.05)和2.44%(P>0.05);试验组种鹅血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸、甲状腺素胰岛素、孕酮比对照组分别高5.78%(P>0.05)、15.63%(P>0.05)、6.95%(P>0.05)和15.50%(P<0.05)。     

日粮类型及牛磺酸添加对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为探讨日粮类型及牛磺酸添加对早期断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,经28 d试验发现:①高动物蛋白日粮优于全植物蛋白日粮,全期平均日增重提高33.79%(P<0.01),腹泻率降低53.30%(P<0.01),料肉比降低7.26%;②牛磺酸添加在全植物蛋白日粮中,全期平均日增重提高31.38%(P<0.01),腹泻率降低46.70%(P<0.05),料肉比降低5.59%;③牛磺酸添加在高动物蛋白日粮中,全期平均日增重仅提高1.55%(P>0.05),腹泻率降低7.19%(P>0.05),料肉比不变;④全植物蛋白日粮中添加牛磺酸能替代高动物蛋白日粮,全期平均日增重仅降低1.80%(P>0.05),腹泻率增加14.15%(P>0.05),料肉比提高1.81%.     

日粮中添加乳化剂对肉鸡脂肪代谢的影响

研究在猪油日粮中添加500g/t乳化对内鸡生产性能、养分表观利用率及胴体品质的影响.结果表明:添加乳化剂提高了肉鸡前期、后期及全期的平均日增重(P>0.05),降低了料重比(P>0.05),提高了肉鸡前期粗蛋白质(P<0.01)、能量(P<0.05)的表现利用率;乳化剂能降低42日龄肉鸡肌间脂肪宽度(P<0.05)和皮下脂肪厚度(P<0.01),提高胸肌和腿肌重(P<0.05);乳化剂也使21日龄肉鸡腹脂重明显降低(P<0.05).     

氨基酸微量元素螯合物对生长猪生长性能和养分利用率的影响

48只平均体重约28 kg的杜×长×大三元杂交生长猪被分为4个组(A、B、C、D组),每组设3个重复,用氨基酸微量元素螯合物分别替代各组日粮中0%、25%、50%和75%的相应的无机微量元素饲喂56 d.结果表明:B组平均日增重和料重比显著高于A组(P＜0.05);A组日粮干物质消化率显著低于B组(P＜0.05);各组血清中微量元素铁、锌、铜、锰含量差异不显著(P＜0.05);B、C、D组粪中铁、锌、铜含量均显著低于A组(P＜0.05).     

不同比例复合微量元素添加剂对皖西白鹅产蛋性能和孵化性能的影响

选择3年龄成年皖西白鹅产蛋种鹅90只(18公72母),分成3个处理组:对照组、试验1组和试验2组,每组30只,设6个重复,每个重复5只(1公4母)。对照组饲喂原场基础日粮不添加任何成分;试验1组在基础日粮中添加复合微量元素添加剂2.5kg/t饲料;试验2组添加复合微量元素添加剂5kg/t饲料。试验预试7d,进行微调直至各组种鹅产蛋差异不显著,正试期71d。结果表明:试验1组种鹅产蛋率、日采食量、料蛋比与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。试验2组种鹅产蛋率比对照组高,料蛋比比对照组低,差异显著(P0.05);蛋重、日采食量比对照组有一定程度的提高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。试验1组入孵种蛋数、种鹅蛋受精率、入孵蛋孵化率、入孵蛋健雏率和对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。试验2组入孵种蛋数比对照组高,且差异显著(P0.05);试验2组种鹅蛋受精率、入孵蛋孵化率、入孵蛋健雏率比对照组都有一定程度的提高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。试验1组种鹅只均利润比对照组少14.27元,试验2组种鹅只均利润比对照组多114.03元。整个试验期间,试验2组日粮饲喂皖西白鹅种鹅繁殖性能最高。     

酸益壮对肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数和血液指标的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加酸益壮对AA+肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及血液生化指标的影响。试验选用1日龄健康AA+肉鸡432只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡,分别饲喂基础日粮、添加4%、8%和12%酸益壮的试验日粮,试验期42d。结果表明:添加酸益壮试验组一定程度上提高了日增重和平均体重,料肉比有降低的趋势,但差异均不显著;其中添加8%酸益壮显著降低了12日龄肉鸡料肉比(P0.05),添加4%酸益壮显著降低了21日龄肉鸡料肉比(P0.05);添加4%和8%酸益壮试验组有提高只毛利的趋势,其中添加4%酸益壮试验组每只肉鸡毛利提高0.22元;对免疫器官指数没有显著影响,但42日龄的脾脏指数有提高的趋势;试验各组对血清IgA、IgG、IgM含量无明显影响,添加4%和8%酸益壮试验组显著提高21日龄血清SOD含量(P0.05),极显著提高了42日龄血清SOD含量(P0.01)。由此可知,肉鸡日粮中添加4%~8%酸益壮可一定程度改善肉鸡生长性能和血液抗氧化能力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the