冲击载荷识别的瞬态统计能量分析方法

提出了一种基于瞬态统计能量分析理论的冲击载荷识别新方法。利用该方法,首先由系统能量平衡方程确定冲击载荷的作用位置及相应的输入能量,在常值假设条件下根据识别的输入能量反演得到冲击载荷的幅值谱,在此基础上,对于给定的冲击载荷时域波形形式,提出一种参数拟合方法用于最终重建冲击载荷的时间历程。通过一个两板耦合结构系统的冲击载荷识别对识别方法进行了实验验证研究。结果表明冲击载荷识别的瞬态统计能量分析法能够准确地识别冲击载荷的作用位置和输入能量,在冲击波形已知的假设条件下可以较为准确地重建冲击载荷的时间历程,从而为实际工程中的冲击载荷识别提供了一条可行途径。     

点式火工分离装置冲击载荷作用机制的数值模拟研究

为定量分析点式火工分离装置冲击载荷作用机制,以典型爆炸螺栓连接结构为对象,分别建立了爆炸过程、应变能释放过程、撞击过程的数值计算模型,分析了分离过程中三种不同的物理过程及其诱发响应的机制,讨论了不同阶段不同区域内的结构响应特征。得到的结果符合相关标准描述的一般规律。文章首次从定量角度研究了分离过程中三种机制对响应的贡献及其特征,计算结果为今后相关产品的设计、试验与评估提供了参考,也为爆炸分离冲击载荷与响应机制认识提供了一种可行的数值分析方法。     

轴流式压缩机叶片固有频率及动应力分析

以某轴流式压缩机的一级动叶片为研究对象,建立叶片的三维有限元模型,研究轴流式压缩机叶片的频率特性。从理论方面分析了影响频率的旋转软化和应力刚化效应,分析了旋转软化和应力刚化效应对叶片固有频率的影响。应用完全法瞬态分析,计算了叶片的动应力,分析结果为叶片的调频和振动特性的改善提供了依据。     

冲击载荷作用下金属圆柱壳能量吸收研究

对Singace叠缩模型进行了修正,选用Johnson-Cook本构方程,研究冲击载荷的应变强化效应、应变率强化效应和温度效应下圆柱壳的吸能情况,利用分步叠缩的方法计算得到金属圆柱壳在冲击载荷作用下所吸收的能量值、温度的增加值和瞬时载荷-位移曲线,分析了圆柱壳的半径和厚度以及叠缩速度和能量吸收之间的关系     

多载荷工况下人字齿轮传动系统振动特性分析

由轮齿接触分析以及轮齿承载接触分析计算出考虑安装误差的轮齿啮合刚度,建立了考虑时变啮合刚度激励、啮合冲击激励和齿侧间隙激励的人字齿轮系统十二自由度啮合型弯—扭—轴耦合非线性振动模型。以某船用单级人字齿轮副为实例,研究了多载荷下人字齿轮左端啮合副周向的振动特性,结果表明,外载荷的增大使得啮合刚度激励和啮合冲击激励下系统的振动均增大,且啮合冲击激励对外载荷的敏感性高于啮合刚度激励,而齿侧间隙激励下系统的振动则随着外载荷增大而减小。同时,啮合冲击激励对系统振动的影响随着载荷增大而增大,而啮合刚度激励和齿侧间隙激励则随着载荷增大而减小。     

嵌入式共固化复合材料阻尼结构低速冲击性能的数值模拟

Abstract：Embedded and co-cured composite damping structure is a new damping processing structure, which can be widely used in high-tech fields such as aviation, aerospace, high-speed train, etc. Explicit dynamic analysis software LS-DYNA was used to simulate low velocity impact on embedded and co-cured composite damping structure panels. The simulation results are compared with the experimental data to illustrate the validity of modeling and calculation method. The result of simulation shows that the impact resistance of embedded and co-cured composite damping structure is much higher than composite structure without viscoelastic damping material.     

冲击载荷对飞机起落架螺纹连接的影响

对近期民航飞机主起落架连杆插销螺栓失效原因进行分析,估计出飞机降落过程中插销螺栓承受的最大冲击载荷为698 MPa,采用Yamamoto方法分析计算得到插销螺栓每一个啮合螺纹的应力分布,利用有限元分析法建立了连杆插销螺栓连接的有限元模型,分析所有啮合螺纹的应力应变场。分析了冲击载荷对螺旋效果和螺纹啮合位置产生的影响,这为飞机起落架的校查及使用寿命预测提供了重要的依据。     

导弹弹射气体冲击载荷实验与仿真研究

设计一套模拟发射筒内建压过程的装置,使之能够模拟不同建压速度、不同终值压强时的发射筒内建压过程,进而对导弹弹射过程中导弹尾罩和其他结构受到的气体冲击载荷进行地面冷实验。分别对四种不同初始条件下的建压过程进行了实验,并对一种情况进行了数值模拟仿真。结果显示,实验设备通过调节柱塞两侧初始压力差和高压气缸初始压力,可以实现对不同建压速率、不同终值压强的模拟;在建压过程中模拟发射筒内存在明显涡流,尾罩中间部位受压更大,变形时间相较于升压时间存在明显滞后。     

煤粒冲击粉碎临界速度的数值实验分析

基于弹性碰撞动力学模型(Hamilton变分原理),应用显式算法有限元程序LS-DYNA对煤粒冲击刚性靶板粉碎进行了数值模拟研究,得到了煤粒冲击粉碎的临界速度在10m/s左右,证明了煤粒在低速冲击粉碎过程中存在压力释放效应,继而拓宽了显式动力有限元程序LS-DYNA分析弹塑性材料冲击粉碎问题的应用领域。数值模拟结果对于认识煤粒及其他物料冲击粉碎机理、研制高效粉碎设备具有较好的指导意义和参考价值。     

框架结构在冲击荷载下的损伤与非线性分析

利用集中损伤力学的方法对三维框架结构在冲击载荷作用下的损伤分析。其基本思路是:把损伤参数作为系统的内部变量,在有限元的基础上,将连续介质力学、断裂力学和塑性铰概念结合起来分析结构的力学行为。最后通过对一个二层框架结构进行数值模拟分析,并与ABAQUS的计算结果作比较,验证其可行性。     

Numerical simulation of reinforced concrete beams with different shear reinforcements under dynamic impact loads

The behavior of concrete/reinforced concrete structures is strongly influenced by the loading rate. Reinforced concrete structural members subjected to impact loads behave quite differently as compared to the same subjected to quasi-static loading. This difference is attributed to the strain-rate influence on strength, stiffness, and ductility as well as to the activation of inertia forces. These influences are clearly demonstrated in experiments. Moreover, for concrete structures, which exhibit damage and fracture phenomena, the failure mode and cracking pattern depend significantly on loading rate. In general, there is a tendency that with the increase of loading rate the failure mode changes from mode-I to mixed mode. Furthermore, theoretical and experimental investigations indicate that after the crack reaches critical speed of propagation there is crack branching. The present paper focuses on 3D finite-element study of reinforced concrete beams with different amount of shear reinforcement under impact. The experiments reported in literature are numerically simulated using the rate sensitive microplane model as constitutive law for concrete, while the strain-rate influence is captured by the activation energy theory. Inertia forces are implicitly accounted for through dynamic finite element analysis. However, the impact was modeled not by explicit modeling of two bodies but by incrementing the load point displacement till the maximum value and at the rate reported from the test. The results of the numerical study show that the numerical analysis using the procedure followed in this work can very well simulate the impact behavior of reinforced concrete beams. The static and dynamic reactions, crack patterns and failure modes as predicted in analysis are in close agreement with their experimentally observed counterparts. It was concluded that under impact loads, of the order as simulated in this work (blunt impact with velocity of around 1 m/s), the shear reinforcement does not get activated and therefore the dynamic reactions, unlike static reactions, are almost independent of the amount of shear reinforcement in the beams. However, the presence of shear reinforcement significantly affects the crack pattern and the cracks are well distributed in the presence of shear reinforcement, thus avoiding the formation of shear plugs.     

圆柱斜齿轮齿面接触动应力计算与分析研究

为了有效计算动态工况下斜齿圆柱齿轮副的齿面接触应力,建立了考虑时变啮合刚度激励和啮入冲击激励的滚动轴承支撑的斜齿圆柱齿轮副啮合型弯-扭-轴耦合六自由度振动模型,通过其计算了齿面啮合动载荷。提出了综合考虑轮齿动载荷、齿间载荷分配系数以及齿面赫兹接触的斜齿圆柱齿轮齿面接触动应力计算方法,同时也利用Abaqus有限元软件动力学模块分析了齿面接触动应力。分别计算了800 N·m、1 200 N·m、1 600 N·m三种负载扭矩下的齿面接触动应力变化过程,基于承载接触分析法的最大接触应力与AGMA标准计算值最大相差为11.6%,基于Abaqus有限元法的最大接触应力与AGMA标准计算值最大相差13.8%,而两种方法的齿面接触动应力变化曲线最大偏差11.3%,从而证实了本文提出的斜齿圆柱齿轮齿面接触动应力计算方法合理有效。     

泥石流冲击荷载下拦挡坝的动力响应分析

选取典型的泥石流冲击荷载,把钢筋混凝土拦挡坝简化成悬臂梁,建立其动力偏微分方程,运用数学物理方程中的变量分离法和结构动力学中的振型叠加法求得动力偏微分方程的解析解,最后根据材料力学得到相应的应力以及应变。算例分析表明解析解是可靠的,且在拦挡坝的坝顶处有最大的位移,为实际工程力学计算提供一种思路。       

多种随机载荷下的结构动态可靠性计算

考虑随机载荷的加载形式分为动载荷累加,等幅且服从参数为 的泊松分布,和载荷随时间变化且不服从任何分布的三种情况,利用应力-强度干涉理论和随机过程理论分别建立了结构强度退化情况下的结构动态可靠性预测的三种计算公式。该公式形式简单、便于计算,且可获得结构的可靠度随时间变化的规律。最后通过算例说明文中计算公式的合理性,可行性,实用性。     

移动荷载过桥的精细计算

摘要：对于作用点位置随时间连续变化的移动荷载,本文采用精细积分法求解桥梁结构动力平衡方程,用Hermite插值函数模拟节点等效荷载,并推导出常量移动荷载在任意时间步长内的Duhamel积分格式,包括时间步长的开始和结束时刻集中荷载分别在同一个单元、相邻单元和不相邻单元三种情况。数值算例表明,即使采用最大时间步长,本文提出的方法仍可求得高精度数值解,与其它数值方法比较具有明显优势。     

基于齿轮传动系统横-扭-摆耦合非线性动力学模型的齿廓修形优化设计

基于齿轮传动系统动力学模型的齿廓修形优化设计可真实地反映修形参数对齿轮动态特性的影响。考虑几何偏心、陀螺力矩和齿向偏载力矩,建立了单级齿轮传动系统10自由度横-扭-摆耦合非线性动力学模型。提出了考虑齿轮实际运动状态并可适用于齿廓修形齿轮的啮合刚度模型,并采用解析法计算啮合刚度。为了降低齿轮传动系统的振动和噪声,以减小齿轮传动系统的动载系数为目标,建立了基于齿轮传动系统横-扭-摆耦合非线性动力学模型的齿廓修形优化模型。对某重载车辆齿轮传动系统进行了齿廓修形优化设计,优化结果有效的降低了齿轮的动载荷,可为设计低振动和低噪声的齿轮传动系统提供依据。     

Structural collapse analysis of framed structures under impact loads using ASI-Gauss finite element method

The main objective of this study is to devise a technique, which, when implemented into finite-element codes, is efficiently applicable to impact collapse analyses of framed structures. In this study, the formerly developed adaptively shifted integration (ASI) technique for the linear Timoshenko beam element is modified into the ASI-Gauss technique by placing the numerical integration points of the two consecutive elements forming an elastically deformed member in such a way that stresses and strains are evaluated at the Gaussian integration points of the two-element member. On comparison with the ASI technique, the ASI-Gauss technique proves its higher accuracy and efficiency in elastic range. Moreover, instead of applying impact loads in the form of nodal forces, we consider the impact phenomenon by means of contacts between the elements involved and the elemental contact algorithm is verified from the point of conservation of energy. Impact analyses considering member fracture with different sets of parameters are performed using a high-rise framed structure and a small aircraft. From the results obtained, we can observe propagation phenomena of impact loads and shock waves. Also, a proper difference in impact damage is obtained by different sets of parameters. The results also indicate that the mass of the aircraft has a stronger influence on impact damage than its velocity. Moreover, soon after impact, tensile stresses are observed in the columns that were compressed by dead loads before impact.     

Numerical analysis of dynamic T stress of moving interfacial crack

A method to extract dynamic T stress term of moving interfacial crack is proposed. Anisotropic bimaterial which has subsonic crack propagation is considered, and interaction energy method is applied. Stress fields by the constant T stress and stress fields by the point force moving with the crack are obtained by using the series expansion method and Stroh formalism. J based interaction energy (J^I) between the constant T stress and the point force is calculated by Yeh formulation and the relation between interaction energy and T stress is obtained. Energy release rate and T stress of a moving interfacial crack are calculated numerically. Elastodynamic finite element code is developed to investigate fracture parameters for the propagating crack. Four nodes linear elastodynamic element is used and Newmark formulae are applied to integrate displacement and velocity. Node release method is adapted to simulate crack propagation along the interface. The energy release rate is calculated in the area moving with crack. T stress term is calculated from the interaction energy with a stress field formed by the moving point force. Five examples are solved to show the validity and time history of energy release rate and T stress. The energy release rate calculated from numerical analysis agrees well with an analytic solution and experimental results. The T stress of homogeneous specimen under the steady state condition shows a slightly different value compared with the stationary result. It is observed that the T stress of polymethyl methacrylate–steel specimen shows continuous change and the T stress of aluminum-polymethyl methacrylate specimen shows discontinuous jump when the initial crack initiates. From the result of the variation of T stress, the effect of T stress on the stability of crack propagation is observed.     

单平动轮驱动内平动齿轮副动力学分析

考虑了内平动齿轮副的多齿接触造成的多谐啮合刚度的影响以及齿侧间隙和齿轮支撑轴承的间隙,建立了单个平动轮驱动内齿轮的内平动齿轮副的运动微分方程,对其在不同转速情况下的动力学分岔特性进行了研究,分析结果显示,各运动副碰撞振动情况不仅随着转速变化,且各个运动副间隙的碰撞振动特性在相同转速下也会表现出不同的特性。     

混凝土圆柱体试件在低速冲击下动力效应的研究

为研究混凝土圆柱体试件在冲击荷载作用下的动力效应,利用落锤冲击试验机,对混凝土圆柱体试件在应变率100~101/s范围内进行轴向冲击试验,并采用混凝土连续面盖帽模型（CSCM）对试验过程进行数值模拟。试验中测量不同冲击速度及冲击边界下的锤头冲击力、试件轴向应变时程曲线,获取了试件破坏形态及破坏过程的高速影像,比较分析了不同冲击速度及边界条件下,试件应力、应变峰值,应变率及动力增强系数（DIF）的变化规律。结果表明：随冲击速度的增加,试件的应力、应变峰值,应变率及动力增强系数都呈增加的趋势,冲击力作用时间则减小。混凝土平均强度与冲击速度呈抛物线关系,应变率则与冲击速度呈线性关系。模拟结果表明,CSCM混凝土本构模型在低速冲击范围内,有很好的计算精度,模拟破坏形态与试验结果吻合良好。