基于ProCast的K4169高温合金铸件离心铸造工艺数值模拟

利用ProCast数值模拟软件对K4169高温合金铸件立式离心铸造过程中金属熔体的充型过程和凝固过程进行了模拟研究,分析了离心转速对离心铸造充型过程的影响。结果表明,在离心铸造中,离心转速的选取要适中,转速越大,铸件的充填效果并不是越好;根据铸件缺陷的分析结果,对铸件采用顶注式浇注,铸件缩孔缩松缺陷都集中于顶部冒口和侧壁的暗包。     

ZTC4钛合金机匣构件离心铸造过程的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法,研究ZTC4合金机匣离心铸造的充型和凝固过程,分析了离心转速、浇注温度和铸型预热温度对熔体充填过程流动场、凝固过程温度场和应力场的影响,并预测了缺陷的分布.结果表明,随离心转速提高,熔体充型速度无明显变化,但柯氏力作用更加明显,铸型中熔体流股变细;熔体过热度低于30℃时,铸件出现明显的浇不足缺陷;铸型预热温度是影响铸件残余应力的主要因素,而离心转速和熔体过热度的影响次之;铸件最后凝固的较厚部位容易出现缩松、缩孔缺陷,且其位置与X射线检测结果较吻合.     

立式离心场下钛合金熔体充填及凝固过程研究

研究立式离心场下不同铸造工艺参数对钛合金熔体的充填及凝固缺陷形成的影响。结果显示,立式离心场下得到的钛合金铸件质量优于重力场下的铸件。立式离心场下,合金熔体由于受离心力和科氏力的作用,沿着与旋转方向相对的型壁进行充填,且熔体的截面面积随充填长度的增加而逐渐减小,但是在内浇口处由于速度降低导致截面面积有所回升。此外,铸型的旋转方向,旋转半径及旋转速度直接影响铸件缺陷的形成。旋转方向直接影响合金熔体的充填顺序,进而影响合金熔体的凝固顺序及缺陷位置。实验结果显示,旋转半径及旋转速度的增加有利于减少铸件的缺陷体积。     

基于Procast的高Nb-TiAl低压涡轮叶片离心铸造数值模拟

采用Procast铸造模拟软件,模拟了高Nb-Ti Al合金低压涡轮叶片离心铸造过程。在其他工艺参数一定的条件下,研究不同离心转速对叶片充型、凝固过程的影响。模拟结果显示,离心转速越大,叶片中缩孔缩松缺陷体积越小,所生产的铸件越致密。但是,当离心转速达到500 r/min时,金属熔体主要由上部横浇道注入,与两端同时注入方式相比,浇注效率低,而且气体不易排出,容易产生卷气缺陷。并且离心转速大会增加金属熔体对型腔壁的冲刷作用,容易产生夹砂缺陷。综合考虑,最终本模型的最佳离心转速确定为400 r/min。     

离心场对钛合金铸造性能的影响

在立式离心场下和重力场下对石墨型钛合金铸件在铸造过程的充填及凝固情况进行研究.结果表明:在立式离心场下钛合金熔体的铸造性能好,其流动性和充填性得到很大改善;尤其对3 mm壁厚薄壁件,在重力场下由于充填阻力大于充填力,合金熔体无法完全充填铸型,而在离心场下可以实现全部充填,且最小壁厚可达到0.3 mm.此外,离心场下由于离心力和科氏力的共同作用,铸件的缺陷明显减少,且随铸型转速的增加而不断减小.     

7B04铝合金带筋构件的蠕变时效变形行为研究

为研究弹性预加载范围内7B04T651铝合金带筋构件的蠕变时效变形规律,进行了140℃/20h的蠕变时效成形试验,分析弯曲半径、蒙皮厚度、筋条宽度和筋条高度对回弹率的影响。同时,运用建立的蠕变本构方程和有限元分析模型对蠕变时效成形过程进行仿真分析,计算得到不同条件下的回弹率。结果表明:蒙皮越厚、筋条越高,则回弹率越低;弯曲半径越大、筋条越宽,则回弹率越高。弯曲半径和筋条高度是影响回弹率的主要因素,有限元计算回弹率与试验结果吻合较好,验证了有限元分析模型的准确性。     

离心力对TC4钛合金铸件孔洞及线收缩率的影响

采用真空石墨型立式离心铸造方法,研究了离心力大小对Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)钛合金铸件内部孔洞率以及铸件宏观尺寸收缩率的影响.结果表明,随着重力系数的增加,铸件中的孔洞率呈指数方式明显减小,给出了两者之间统计关系的表达式;离心转速从0增加到210 r/min时,阶梯铸件长度方向尺寸收缩率呈较明显的减小趋势;同一浇注工艺条件下,与离心力相比,铸型的冷却能力对铸件线收缩率的影响更显著.     

铝青铜铸件离心铸造工艺数值模拟

采用ProCAST软件对铝青铜铸件的立式离心铸造充型与凝固过程进行了数值模拟,分析了浇注温度和离心转速对离心铸造充型过程的影响。结果表明,在离心铸造中,浇注温度对液态金属的充型速度无明显影响,凝固速度随浇注温度的升高而降低;提高离心转速有利于提高液态金属的充型速度和凝固速度。针对铝青铜环形铸件获得的优化工艺参数为,浇注温度1 100℃,铸型转速350 r/min。     

立式离心铸造液态金属中气泡的运动规律

研究了对立式离心力场下液态金属中,气泡的临界运动直径以及气泡的运动规律,建立了气泡的临界运动直径和运动速度方程,并进行了试验验证.结果表明,在立式离心力场下,临界运动直径随着旋转角速度和离心半径的增加而减小;气泡的运动分解为上浮运动和向心运动,无论是竖直上浮方向还是水平向心方向,气泡开始运动后速度均增大,加速度减小,当阻力和动力相等时,加速度为0,此时运动速度最大,之后速度逐渐减小;气泡的合成速度随着旋转角速度和离心半径的增加而增大,旋转角速度和离心半径越大,气泡运动越快,气孔缺陷的形成越困难.试验结果与理论分析结果相符合.     

电磁离心铸造法制备铝硅合金半固态组织研究

通过在离心机上安装磁铁,成功制备出了铝硅合金半固态组织试样;研究了安装磁铁后离心机转速对半固态组织的影响.结果表明,在安装磁铁情况下,离心机转速越高,铝硅合金的组织越细小均匀.     

K4169合金离心铸管工艺模拟及试制研究

采用ProCAST软件对K4169合金的离心铸造工艺进行了模拟研究。通过分析浇注速度、铸型转速、浇注温度及铸型温度对离心铸管充型及凝固行为的影响,获得了外径56 mm/内径38 mm的K4169合金离心铸管最佳制备工艺参数。在此工艺参数条件下,K4169合金离心铸管可实现连续稳定充型,离心铸管壁厚差为0.2 mm,内表面疏松比例小于3%,且柱状晶平均宽度为1.7 mm。结合模拟结果对K4169合金离心铸管进行试制,所制备的离心铸管显微组织中柱状晶占比80%,且晶粒组织细小,因而离心铸管具有优异的高温塑性。     

Filling mode and regularity of vertical centrifugal casting process of titanium alloy in thin-walled cylinder cavity

The mold filling process of titanium alloy in a thin-walled cylinder cavity under vertical centrifugal casting process was studied by means of the hydraulic simulation experiments. Results show that the filling mode of the melt in the cylinder cavity varies with casting wall-thickness. When the casting wall-thickness is less than or equal to the thickness of the first layer during the filling process, the melts fill the cavity from the bottom to the top.When the casting wall-thickness is greater than the thickness of the first layer during the filling process, the melts first fill the largest radius parts of the cavity with a certain thickness of the first layer from the bottom to the top of the cavity, and then they fill the cavity from the larger radius part to the smaller radius part. The melt filling ability increases with the increment of the mold rotational speed and the pouring temperature. In another aspect, the melt filling ability rises with the decrement of the melt viscosity, and the melt with the better filling ability is prone to fill the cylinder cavity layer by layer.     

Application of transparent casting moulds prepared by additive manufacturing technology in hydraulic simulation

Hydraulic simulation is one of the critical methods to research the filling mechanism of molten metal in the casting process. However, it only performs on test pieces with relatively simple structures due to the limitation of the preparation method. In this study, the method of photocuring additive manufacturing was used to prepare the complex casting mould from transparent photosensitive resin. The pouring test was carried out under different centrifugal conditions, and the filling process of the gating system, support bars and other positions in the vertical direction was recorded and analyzed. The experimental results show that the internal liquid level and the filling process of the test piece prepared by this method can be observed clearly. The angle between the liquid surface and the horizontal plane in the test piece gradually increases as the centrifugal rotational speed increases, which means the filling process is carried out from outside to inside at high rotational speed. The velocity of the fluid entering the runner increases with the increase of rotational speed, but the filling speeds is less affected by the centrifugal speed at other positions. The liquid flow is continuous and stable during the forward filling process, without splashing or interruption of liquid droplets.

     

铝合金薄壁件真空吸铸充型能力的研究

充型能力是影响真空吸铸薄壁铸件成形生产的重要因素.本研究通过铝合金薄板件的浇注试验,对比了真空吸铸和低压铸造的充型能力差异,研究了真空吸铸条件下真空度大小、充型速度及壁厚对充型能力的影响规律.结果表明:真空吸铸具有优良的充型能力,较低的型内反压是充型能力提高的主要原因;此外,真空度和充型速度的增大有助于提高反重力浇注铝合金薄壁件的充型能力,提高幅度与壁厚有密切关系.     

Mold-filling characteristics of AZ91 magnesium alloy in the low-pressure expendable pattern casting process

The magnesium (Mg) alloy low-pressure expendable pattern casting (EPC) process is a newly developed casting technique combining the advantages of both EPC and low-pressure casting. In this article, metal filling and the effect of the flow quantity of inert gas on the filling rate in the low-pressure EPC process are investigated. The results showed that the molten Mg alloy filled the mold cavity with a convex front laminar flow and the metal-filling rate increased significantly with increasing flow quantity when flow quantity was below a critical value. However, once the flow quantity exceeded a critical value, the filling rate increased slightly. The influence of the flow quantity of inert gas on melt-filling rate reveals that the mold fill is controlled by flow quantity for a lower filling rate, and, subsequently, controlled by the evaporation of polystyrene and the evaporation products for higher metal velocity. Meanwhile, the experimental results showed that the melt-filling rate significantly affected the flow profile, and the filling procedure for the Mg alloy in the low-pressure EPC process. A slower melt-filling rate could lead to misrun defects, whereas a higher filling rate results in folds, blisters, and porosity. The optimized filling rate with Mg alloy casting is 140 to 170 mm/s in low-pressure EPC.     

铝合金消失模铸造工艺参数的研究

讨论了各工艺因素对消失模铝合金铸造质量的影响，分析了各工艺参数与铸造缺陷之间的关系。结果表明：保温涂料及一定的涂层厚度有利于提高铝液的充型速度；浇注温度越高、直浇道空心面积率越大，铝液充型速度越快；模样厚度太厚或太薄，均会使铝液充型速度降低；一定的直浇道长度及直浇道面积有利于提高铝液的充型速度；施加负压会使铝液的充型速度大大提高，但负压过大会增大铸造缺陷。     

Solidified structure of thin-walled titanium parts by vertical centrifugal casting

The solidified structure of the thin-walled and complicated Ti-6Al-4V castings produced by the vertical centrifugal casting process was studied in the present work. The results show that the wall thickness of the section is featured with homogeneously distributed fine equiaxial grains, compared with the microstructure of the thick-walled section. The grain size of the castings has a tendency to decrease gradually with the increasing of the centrifugal radius. The inter-lamellar space in thick-walled casting parts is bigger than that of the thin-walled parts, and the profile of inter-lamellar space is not susceptible to the centrifugal radius.     

Ti-15-3合金熔体离心浇注过程中流速分析

分析了金属型离心浇注Ｔｉ－１５Ｖ－３Ｃｒ－３Ｓｎ－３Ａｌ（Ｔｉ－１５－３）合金铸件过程中型腔内的流速分布,得出了离心浇注过程中充型速度Ｖ和时间ｔ与充型长度ｘ,以及转台的最大转动角速度ω０ｍａｘ与型腔直径Ｄ和长度Ｌ之间的关系。计算结果表明,离心浇注过程中,合金液的充型速度和时间是充型长度的函数,均随充型长度的增大而增大。转台的最大允许旋转角速度随型腔长度和直径的增大而减小。实验结果表明,当转台转速ω０为２８０ｒ／ｍｉｎ时,铸件内出现了气孔,从而验证了理论计算结果。     

磁感应强度对电磁离心铸造高铬铸铁的影响

为了提高高铬铸铁衬板的力学性能,使用电磁离心铸造浇注,并和常规重力离心铸造的试样进行了对比。结果表明,电磁离心铸造获得的试样组织明显细化,晶粒数量增多,晶粒尺寸细小,力学性能提高。当离心转速为1500r/min,磁感应强度为0.5T时,电磁离心铸造铸态试样的硬度(HRC)为55.3,冲击韧度为6.87J/cm2;热处理后的硬度(HRC)为65.3,冲击韧度达到7.3J/cm2。试样硬度比常规铸造试样提高了约10%,冲击韧度提高了约9%,相对耐磨性提高了约5%。