玻璃纤维化学镀银工艺的优化

以硝酸银为活化剂、葡萄糖为还原剂,对玻璃纤维化学镀银工艺进行正交优化,并研究了施镀时间对镀层电阻率的影响,得到最佳化学镀银工艺为:AgNO3 6 g/L,C6H12O6 8 g/L,NH3·H2O 100 mL/L,C2H5OH 100 mL/L,NaOH 4 g/L,KI 0.5～1.0 mg/L,温度30℃,时间25 min.结果表明,随施镀时间延长,镀银玻璃纤维的电阻率先减小后增大.在最佳工艺下制得的镀银玻璃纤维表面均匀、有光泽,结合力及导电性良好,厚度可达12 μm.     

不锈钢化学镀银速率的研究

以酒石酸钾钠为还原剂,在304不锈钢表面进行了化学镀银,研究了化学镀银液的配方组分、镀液pH及温度等工艺参数对化学镀银速率的影响.较理想的化学镀银工艺为:硝酸银20g/L,氨水80mL/L,酒石酸钾钠100g/L,pH 12.5,温度20℃.在该工艺条件下得到的镀银层均匀,致密,结合力好.     

涤纶纤维表面化学镀镍–磷工艺研究

以涤纶纤维的增重率和电阻为指标,研究了镀液组成、pH、温度、涤纶装载量和施镀时间等对化学镀镍–磷的影响,得到涤纶化学镀镍–磷的最佳工艺条件为:柠檬酸钠10 g/L,硫酸镍20 g/L,次磷酸钠8 g/L,乙酸钠15 g/L,镀液pH为6.0~6.2,温度80°C,装载量9 g/L,时间10~15 min。采用最佳工艺对涤纶纤维化学镀镍–磷后其增重率约为19%,电阻约为10Ω/cm。     

陶瓷粉化学镀镍及其性能研究

在陶瓷粉末表面开展了化学镀镍的工艺研究.以粉末的增重质量作为施镀效率的指标,研究了镀覆时间、温度、酸度、络合剂浓度、镍离子浓度、还原剂浓度等对包覆效果的影响,找到了最佳镀覆工艺条件.分析了化学镀包覆陶瓷粉颗粒的微观形貌,进行了X射线的衍射分析和能谱分析,测试了化学镀后陶瓷粉的磁性能.结果表明,最佳的施镀条件为:20g/L NiSO4·6H2O,10 g/L EDTANa2,18 g/L酒石酸钠,120～140 mL/L联氨,pH 13.0,温度90℃,时间20 min.化学镀包覆上的镍分散性好,包覆均匀.化学镀后,陶瓷材料有了磁性.     

化学镀银金属化对位芳纶的制备及其性能研究

采用氢氧化钾(KOH)溶液对对位芳纶进行表面预处理,以硝酸银(AgNO_3)和氨水制备银氨溶液作为施镀液,利用化学镀银法制备金属化对位芳纶,研究了AgNO_3浓度和施镀时间对金属化对位芳纶的镀层形貌、导电性能及力学性能的影响,同时探讨了化学镀银过程中对位芳纶表面银(Ag)的沉积动力学过程。结果表明:通过单一变量法实验,化学施镀温度为50℃、AgNO_3浓度为0.5 g/L、施镀时间为50 min时,镀银效果好,制备的金属化对位芳纶具有良好的导电性能和力学性能;金属化对位芳纶表面的Ag层分布均匀、Ag晶粒尺寸为21.04 nm,纤维表面电阻达1.5Ω/cm、断裂强度为18.9 cN/dtex、断裂伸长率为3.9%,断裂强度比原丝仅下降8.3%,不影响纤维的使用性能;随着施镀时间的增加,金属化对位芳纶表面Ag的沉积速率显著降低、增重率逐步增加。     

碳纤维表面单脉冲电镀铜

采用脉冲电镀法在碳纤维表面镀铜,研究了硫酸铜、硫酸、添加剂、施镀时间、电流密度、占空比等因素的影响,确定了合适的镀液成分和电镀工艺. 采用冷热循环法检测镀层与碳纤维的结合力,采用SEM和XRD考察了铜镀层质量. 结果表明,以130 g/L CuSO4×5H2O, g/L H2SO4 50, 30 g/L KNO3及6 mL/L光亮剂为镀液、室温下电流密度82 mA/mm2、占空比40%、施镀时间6 min为电镀条件,可在碳纤维表面得到表面平整细致、结晶度良好的铜镀层. 镀层结合力由原来的270 kPa提高到450 kPa.     

低碳钢快速化学镀Ni-P合金的研究

以低碳钢为基体进行酸性化学镀Ni-P,采用单因素实验法研究了温度、pH值、还原剂的质量浓度以及时间等工艺参数对化学镀层沉积速率及耐蚀性的影响.结果表明最佳工艺条件为:硫酸镍30 g/L,次磷酸钠40 g/L,柠檬酸钠10 g/L,醋酸10 mL/L,乳酸10 mL/L,pH值4.0,80℃,1.5h;在该工艺条件下,镀...     

温度对化学镀钯层性能的影响

以Nb49Ni25Ti26氢渗透合金或载玻片为基体,在不同温度下进行化学镀钯。化学镀钯液组成与工艺条件为:PdCl22g/LNaH2PO2·H2O10g/L,38%盐酸4mL/L,NH4Cl27g/L,28%氨水160mL/L,pH9.8±0.2,施镀时间2h。研究了镀液温度对镀速和Pd镀层表面形貌、耐蚀性及氢渗透性能的影响。结果表明,化学镀钯的最佳温度为60°C,此时镀速达到最大[为4.05mg/(cm2·h)],制备的Pd镀层均匀、致密,耐腐蚀性好,具有较强的氢渗透作用。     

化学镀钯工艺的研究

采用无氧紫铜为基材,施镀条件为:pH=9.8±0.1,温度45~55℃,研究了化学镀钯工艺。结果表明,化学镀钯液优化组成为:3 g/L PdCl2,10~15 g/L NaH2PO2,160 mL/L NH4OH(28%),40 g/L NH4Cl。镀液稳定性好、温度范围宽,易于施镀、便于维护。所得镀层均匀、平整、半光亮。     

铝及铝合金化学浸镀仿金工艺研究

为了拓展铝及铝合金的应用范围,采用二次浸锌+碱性化学镀镍+酸性化学镀镍+化学浸镀仿金的组合工艺,开发了一种新的铝及铝合金化学浸镀仿金工艺,探讨了主要成分和工艺条件对仿金镀层质量的影响,确定工艺条件如下:SnSO48~10 g/L,CuSO41.2~1.5 g/L,配位剂(酒石酸或柠檬酸)10~15 g/L,H2SO410~20 mL/L,XT-08B稳定剂10~12 mL/L,氢氟酸40~50 mL/L,氟化铵1~2 g/L,温度15~35°C,时间10~15 min。所得仿金镀层色泽典雅纯正,结合力好,工艺操作简便,对环境污染小,耐蚀性可与电镀仿金层媲美,具有较好的应用前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。