Physical and Mechanical Properties of PP Composites based on Different Types of Lignocellulosic Fillers

The presents preparation and characterization of different types of lignocellulosic fillers (pine wood sawdust/ walnut shell flour/ black rice husk powder) reinforced polypropylene composites were presented. The effect of MAPP as coupling agent (4wt%) on the physical and mechanical properties was also investigated. Polypropylene composites were prepared at different rates of filler/matrix (wt%) by using extrusion (for melt blending) and hot compression molding process. Maximum values of tensile and flexural strength were obtained as 26.1 and 43.4 MPa, respectively, whereas the elongation at break value was 4.11% at 10% pine wood sawdust reinforced PP. Tensile and flexural modulus of composites reached the maximum values as 3855 and 3633 MPa with the composite of 30% walnut shell flour reinforced PP. Characterization of composites was carried out by using tensile test, flexural test, FT-IR, and SEM.     

Effect of Wet Surface Treated Nano-SiO2 on Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Composite

Nano-SiO2/polypropylene composite was prepared by melt-blending process. The nano-SiO2 particles were organized by wet process surface treatment with silane coupling agent KH-570. The effect of mass fraction of nano-SiO2 particles and dosage of KH-570 on the toughening and strengthening of PP matrix were investigated based on the fractography of impact notch and the analysis of crystal structure by X-ray and dispersive structure of nano-SiO2 by TEM. Results show that the impact and flexural strength and modulus of the composite are improved obviously with low loading of nano-SiO2 (3wt%-5wt%), and the izod impact strength of PP increases twice with 4wt% nano-SiO2. The nano-SiO2 particles treated can disperse into the matrix resin, which has evident heterogeneous nucleation effects on the crystallization of PP. The optimal toughening and strengthening effects of PP matrix can be obtained when the content of nano-SiO2 and KH-570 are 4wt% and 3wt%, respectively.     

GMT-PP复合材料的界面状态与湿热稳定性关系

研究了不同界面状态的 GMT- PP复合材料在冷、热水中的吸湿行为 ,并通过层间剪切强度测试和扫描电镜的观察评价了水对复合材料的界面粘结强度和界面粘结状态的影响。结果表明 :复合材料的吸水率和水在材料中的扩散速度随界面粘结强度的提高而减小 ;由于酰胺键的水解性 ,沸水对马来酸酐接枝改性试样的吸水性与界面粘结有较大影响 ;玻纤经马来酸酐接枝 PP与马来酸酐接枝 APP混合物涂层处理 ,减少了界面孔隙和缺陷 ,对于改善 GMT- PP的湿热稳定性具有良好的效果     

聚醚偶联剂改性碳酸钙及CaCO_3/PP复合材料的性能

自制了偶联剂四氢呋喃均聚醚(PTHF),并用其对轻质碳酸钙表面进行处理,将处理后的碳酸钙填充到聚丙烯塑料中,探讨了新型改性剂对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,四氢呋喃均聚醚能够使碳酸钙的吸油值降低到22%,接触角降低到68.6°。改性后的碳酸钙填充进聚丙烯,能在一定程度上缓解拉伸强度的下降趋势,使复合材料的断裂伸长率达到28.47%、冲击强度达到6.7kJ/m2。SEM观察四氢呋喃均聚醚添加前后复合材料的断面形态,表明碳酸钙在聚丙烯中分散良好。     

硅烷接枝聚丙烯对聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

目的研究硅烷接枝聚丙烯（PP－g－Si）对不同填料如滑石粉（Ta）、碳酸钙和硫酸钡填充的PP复合材料性能的影响,方法分别制备经PP－g－Si偶联的滑石粉、CaCO3和BaSO4填充的PP复合材料,并测试其机械性能和结晶熔融行为,结果与未经偶联的体系相比,在一定PP－g－Si含量范围内,PP－g－Si可使T3／PP体系力学性能提高,但拉伸模量降低;而对PP／CaCO3和PP／BaSO4体系的力学性能影响不大或使其性能有所降低,同时,PP－g－Si对这3种填料填充的PP体系中PP的结晶熔融行为也有较大影响,结论在实验范围内,PP－g－Si对聚丙烯和滑石粉界面有增容作用,可作为PP／Ta材料的大分子偶联剂,而对PP／CaCO3和PP／BaSO4体系则没有增容作用。     

Influence of an Optimized Fibre Coating on Interfacial and Mechanical Properties of Glass Fibre／Polypropylene Composites

The influence of pretreatment of fibre on interfacial and mechanical properties of glass fibre/polypropylene composites was investigated.Firstly,the glass fibres were coated with the blends of m-IPP(maleic anhydride grafting isotatic polypropylene)and m-APP(maleic anhydride grafting amorphous polypropylene)in different ratios.Secondly,the interfacial reaction of the coated composites was analysed by FTIR，which shows that the interfacial chemical reaction reaction between m-IPP/m-APP in the fibre coating and the fibre suface-bound coupling agent is in existence.Thirdly,the microstructure of the coated composites was studied by SEM.The results indicate that the coating treatment if effective on improving interfacial adhesion of the fibre-matrix and the right amount of m-APP added to the coat impels the plastic deformation surrounding the point of cracks,which makes cracks turn to region and prevents from further interface debonding.Lastly,the mechanical properties were evaluated by measurement of the flexural strength and impact strength of the composites.It was fond that the flexural strength and impact strength of the composites with coating fibre are higher than those of uncoating fibre composite.The results of these investigations draw the conclusion that the pretreatment of fibre with m-IPP/m-APP blends can form an optimize interlayer between the fibre and the PP matrix,which improves both the strength and toughness of the composites.     

偶联剂改性填料对SEBS/PP复合材料性能的影响

采用异丙基三（二辛基焦磷酸酰氧基）钛酸酯（NDZ-201）偶联剂和3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH-550）偶联剂对碳酸钙和滑石粉无机纳米填料进行表面改性处理,然后与聚苯乙烯-聚乙烯-聚丁烯-聚苯乙烯（SEBS）和聚丙烯（PP）在双螺杆挤出机上进行共混制备SEBS/PP/填料复合材料,研究偶联剂及其改性填料对SEBS/PP复合材料的力学性能、加工行为、微观结构和热性能的影响. 实验结果表明,NDZ-201与KH-550复配改性的填料在复合材料中分散均匀,形成的相界面模糊,有效提高了复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、300%定伸强度和邵氏A硬度. 少量的改性滑石粉会在复合体系中比较均匀地分散,起到增强作用;当其用量较多时,会不均匀地分散在SEBS/PP基体中,不同程度地发生附聚或粉聚的现象,导致材料某些性能下降. 随着改性滑石粉用量的增加,复合材料的热稳定性提高,当滑石粉的用量为15 g时,复合材料的分解温度提高了10 ℃.     

Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanism of a Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

To study the effect of some parameters,such as,length and fraction of glass fiber (GF),and the fraction of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH),on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene (GF/PP) composites,tensile tests,bending tests and impact tests were conducted.Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the fracture mechanisms of the composites.The results show that,compared with 3 mm GF,9 mm GF can significantly improve the strength of the composite better.Addition of PP-g-MAH,a kind of grafting agent,into the PP-30% LGF composite can result in a better mechanical properties because of the strengthening of the bonding interface between the matrix and the fiber.When the mass fraction of GF is 30% and the PP-g-MAH fraction is 6%,the mechanical properties of the composite are the best.     

Mechanical and thermal properties of muscovite and density polyethylene-reinforced and -toughened polypropylene composites

The mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP)/muscovite/low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/polypropylenegraftmaleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) ternary composites were investigated. In PP matrix, muscovite, LDPE, and PP-g-MAH were added as strengthening agent, toughening agent, and compatibilizer, respectively. The effects of dosages of the added materials were analyzed. The experimental results show that the optimum recipe of PP/muscovite/LDPE/PP-g-MAH composites is100/10/6/20 (mass ratio). Compared with the pure PP, the mechanical properties of PP/muscovite/LDPE/PP-g-MAH composites, including notched impact strength, Rockwell hardness and flexural strength, are improved. Although tensile strength is slightly decreased, they have better toughness. Filled with muscovite, the heat-resistance and heat-decompostion of the composites are improved. Funded by the 11th Five-Year National Key Technology R&D Program(2006BAB12B02)     

Effect of wet surface treated nano-SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on mechanical properties of polypropylene composite

Nano-SiO2/polypropylene composite was prepared by melt-blending process. The nano-SiO2 particles were organized by wet process surface treatment with silane coupling agent KH-570. The effect of mass fraction of nano-SiO2 particles and dosage of KH-570 on the toughening and strengthening of PP matrix were investigated based on the fractography of impact notch and the analysis of crystal structure by X-ray and dispersive structure of nano-SiO2 by TEM. Results show that the impact and flexural strength and modulus of the composite are improved obviously with low loading of nano-SiO2 （3 wt%-5 wt%）, and the izod impact strength of PP increases twice with 4 wt% nano-SiO2. The nano-SiO2 particles treated can disperse into the matrix resin, which has evident heterogeneous nucleation effects on the crystallization of PP. The optimal toughening and strengthening effects of PP matrix can be obtained when the content of nano-SiO2 and KH-570 are 4 wt% and 3 wt%, respectively.     

SF/PP木塑复合材料的结构与性能

采用熔融法制备了剑麻纤维（SF）/聚丙烯（PP）木塑复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学性能、热性能、晶态结构和微观结构。结果表明：SF对PP有良好的增韧效果,当添加20%SF时木塑复合材料的冲击强度可达21.99 kJ/m2,SF在PP结晶过程中起到结晶成核剂作用,提高了PP的结晶速率和结晶度。SF/PP木塑复合材料的热稳定性比纯PP好,复合材料中PP的晶态结构仍以典型的α晶型为主,SEM结果表明SF与PP间有较好的界面粘结性。     

Non-isothermal Melt Crystallization Kinetics of Anhydrite-Filled Polypropylene Composites

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (PP), PP/anhydrite composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with various cooling rates. The Avrami analysis modified by Jeziorny and a method developed by Mo were employed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization process of these samples. The difference in the exponent n between PP and PP/anhydrite composites indicated that non-isothermal kinetic crystallization corresponded to tri-dimensional growth with heter...     

碱处理对剑麻连续长纤增强聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

以丙纶长纤为经纱,剑麻连续长纤为纬纱,织成剑麻/PP平纹机织物。采用不同浓度的氢氧化钠对织物进行碱处理,将处理后的织物与聚丙烯薄板模压成型,制备出剑麻连续长纤增强聚丙烯复合材料。采用SEM对碱处理前后的剑麻纤维形貌进行分析,讨论不同碱处理浓度对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明：碱处理对剑麻连续长纤的表面具有刻蚀作用,以及对剑麻连续长纤增强聚丙烯复合材料的动态热机械性能、拉伸性能、弯曲性能均有一定的影响。     

Preparation of ultra-nano talcum in sand mill and its application in the polypropylene

The grinding of ultra-fine talcum powder and its application in a polypropylene (PP) matrix were investigated. Ultra-fine talcum powder was prepared by adjusting the grinding parameters of the physical milling process. The talcum powder exhibited polymodal distribution. The layered morphology of talcum particles in a horizontal sand mill was rarely damaged or destroyed. PP-talcum nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending using a twin-screw extruder. Nano talcum can be seen as a single particle, although it is not very apparent. The bending strength of talcum-filled PP was gradually increased by approximately 28%. The impact strength linearly decreased as the filler weight ratio increased. The overall maximum improvement in mechanical properties was recorded when the filler ratios increased from 15 wt% to 20 wt%.     

无机纳米材料改性聚丙烯研究进展

介绍了无机纳米粒子的一些优异特性以及由其特殊的结构而使其具有的特点。着重介绍了无机纳米粒子表面改性的几种主要方法，同时，介绍了近年来无机纳米粒子改性聚丙烯研究方面的进展。对影响PP／纳米复合材料力学性能的重要因素进行了重点介绍，并指出无机纳米粒子改性聚丙烯的机理主要是剪切屈服和银纹化理论。     

膨胀阻燃聚丙烯复合材料的制备及其性能研究

为了进一步提高聚丙烯材料的阻燃性能,将一种新型大分子三嗪氰系成炭剂与包裹聚磷酸铵复配,通过熔融共混法制备膨胀阻燃聚丙烯复合材料,并研究了有机改性蒙脱土对此阻燃体系的热稳定性以及阻燃性能的影响。适当加入有机改性蒙脱土有利于提高材料的阻燃性能和热性能。在保持添加剂总质量分数25%不变的情况下,添加2%有机改性蒙脱土时,阻燃聚丙烯材料的极限氧指数上升到31.5,相比未添加样品,材料的阻燃性能有了明显的提高,但过量的有机改性蒙脱土反而会降低材料的阻燃性能。耐水性实验结果表明,此种膨胀阻燃聚丙烯复合材料具有优良的耐水性能。     

MPP增容PP／PA6共混物的形态结构与增容机理

采用马来酸酐接枝改性聚丙烯(MPP)为增容剂制备了聚丙烯／尼龙6(PP／PA6)共混物，研究了MPP增容PP／PA6共混物的形态结构和热行为，探讨了MPP增容PP／PA6共混物的增容机理。结果表明：PP／PA6共混物为热力学不相容的海岛型两相结构。MPP的加入改善了PA6与PP的相容性，使两相分散均匀，MPP对PP／PA6共混物的增容机理可用界面——分散相表面改性模型来描述。     

聚烯烃／极性聚合物共混物——增容和界面

在不相容的聚烯烃／极性聚合物共混物中，加入增容剂能明显降低共混物界面张力，提高且分的界面相容性、界面张力，分散相平衡尺寸的变化与增容剂浓度有定量关系，提出了共混物中增容剂行为的“三阶段”物理模型。实验结果表明，当增容剂浓度较高时，其在聚烯烃与极性聚合物的界面区形成自己的相区，建立了剥露界面的方法，马来酸酐化聚丙烯及其与聚氧乙烯接枝共聚物（ＰＰ－ＭＡ）－ｇ－ＰＥＯ对ＰＰ／ＴＰＵ、ＰＰ／ＰＭＭＡ和ＰＰ     

Non-isothermal melt crystallization kinetics of anhydrite-filled polypropylene composites

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (PP), PP/anhydrite composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with various cooling rates. The Avrami analysis modified by Jeziorny and a method developed by Mo were employed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization process of these samples. The difference in the exponent n between PP and PP/anhydrite composites indicated that non-isothermal kinetic crystallization corresponded to tri-dimensional growth with heterogeneous nucleation. The values of half-time, Z _c and F(T) showed that the crystallization rate increased with the increasing of cooling rates for PP and PP/anhydrite composites, but the crystallization rate of PP/anhydrite composites was faster than that of PP at a given cooling rate. The method developed by Ozawa did not describe the non-isothermal crystallization process of PP very well. Moreover, the method proposed by Kissinger was used to evaluate the activation energy of the mentioned samples. The result showed that the activation energy of PP/anhydrite was greatly larger than that of PP.     

碱式硫酸镁晶须/聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的研究

以聚丙烯(PP)为基料,表面改性后的碱式硫酸镁晶须( MOS)为填充料,制备MOS/PP复合材料,研究不同改性剂处理的MOS及用量对PP复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明,硬脂酸锌改性的MOS/PP复合材料的力学性能优于微乳液改性和未改性的性能,当硬脂酸锌改性的MOS加入量为20％(质量分数wt)时,复合材料的综合力学性能最佳:抗拉强度44.91MPa,弹性模量309.66MPa,冲击强度3.75kJ/m2,断裂伸长率41％.复合材料的界面结构研究表明,未改性的MOS、硬脂酸锌改性的MOS和微乳液改性的MOS与PP基体间均无化学键形成.分析研究了MOS的作用机理.