复合添加Zr、Cr和La对铝的强化作用

研究了Zr、Cr和La的复合添加对铝的强化作用。结果表明,在铝中复合添加Zr、Cr和La可明显抑制铝的再结晶,并使铝强化。与同时加入Cr和La相比,同时添加Zr、Cr和La能更有效地抑制铝的再结晶,强化合金能力也略有提高。     

复合添加Zr,Cr,Pr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金再结晶行为的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Cr-Pr合金,再对其进行均匀化退火(460℃/24 h)、锻压、固溶处理—室温水淬及峰时效处理。用金相显微镜观察合金的显微组织,并测试其力学性能,研究复合添加Zr、Cr、Pr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu超高强铝合金再结晶行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合添加Zr、Cr和Pr可显著抑制Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在锻压后回复过程中的亚晶合并长大,使该合金在较高温度(490℃)以及高温长时保温(480℃固溶4 h)情况下仍能保持细小的亚晶组织,从而提高合金的力学性能。复合添加Zr、Cr、Pr能使合金在490℃固溶1 h后在T6状态下的抗拉强度提高约25 MPa、屈服强度提高近30 MPa。     

复合添加Zr、Cr、Pr对超高强铝合金腐蚀和断裂行为的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Cr-Pr合金。通过金相和扫描电子显微分析以及拉伸性能、极化曲线、晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀与应力腐蚀等性能测试,研究复合添加Zr、Cr和Pr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金腐蚀和断裂行为的影响。结果表明,复合添加Zr、Cr和Pr可显著抑制Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的再结晶和晶粒长大,从而提高该合金的抗腐蚀能力和力学性能。与单独添加Zr的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金相比,复合添加Zr、Cr、Pr的相同合金的断裂韧性KIC从20.22 MPa.m1/2提高到26.83 MPa.m1/2,应力腐蚀开裂界限应力强度因子KISCC由9.8 MPa.m1/2提高到17.6 MPa.m1/2,抗拉强度、屈服强度及伸长率均有所提高。研究还发现,再结晶晶粒的晶界为腐蚀和断裂的优先选择路径,抑制再结晶和晶粒长大至关重要。     

退火对Al-Mg-Mn-Zr-Er合金冷轧板组织与性能的影响

制备了Al-6.0Mg-0.7Mn-0.1Zr-0.3Er合金冷轧板材,并对板材进行了不同退火温度和不同退火时间的退火试验,测试退火处理后的合金显微硬度,并采用TEM对合金显微形貌进行分析.结果表明:合金在低于250℃退火时,主要发生回复现象,合金再结晶起始温度为250℃,再结晶终了温度为325℃,且在175℃长时间退火合金易于沿胞状组织的胞壁析出Al3Mg2相.合金中复合添加Er和Zr形成细小弥散的Al3 (Er,Zr)质点,与基体共格,可钉扎位错,稳定亚结构,阻碍亚晶长大及晶界的迁移,从而抑制合金的再结晶,提高合金的热稳定性.     

Ti,Zr复合微合金化对铝合金再结晶的影响

通过向工业纯铝中单独及复合添加微量的Ti,Zr元素,采用硬度测试、金相显微(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)及X射线衍射(XRD)等分析方法,研究并对比了Ti,Zr单独及复合微合金化对铝合金再结晶的影响。结果表明:Ti,Zr复合微合金化不仅有效细化了合金的晶粒尺寸,提高了合金的力学性能,同时更加显著地提高了合金对再结晶的抑制作用。主要因为Ti,Zr复合微合金化的合金在均匀化退火及变形加热过程中,固溶在基体中的Ti,Zr原子会以大量且弥散的二次Al_3Zr和Al_3(Ti,Zr)粒子形式析出,这些Al_3Zr和Al_3(Ti,Zr)粒子的尺寸更加细小,弥散程度更高,高温下不易长大,且二次Al_3(Ti,Zr)的热稳定性更高,与α(Al)共格性更好,在有效充当基体形核质点细化晶粒的同时,还能强烈的钉扎位错和亚晶界,有效抑制了合金的再结晶转变,并将Al-Ti-Zr合金的再结晶温度提高200℃以上,同时对合金的再结晶晶粒具有良好的细化作用。     

Zr,Yb,Cr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织、断裂和局部腐蚀行为的影响

研究复合添加稀土元素Yb和过渡元素Zr,Cr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu超高强合金组织、强韧性和局部腐蚀(晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀)性能的影响。结果表明:单独添加Zr和复合添加Cr,Yb的合金均发生了再结晶现象,合金的强度、韧性和腐蚀抗力均较低。而在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中复合添加Zr,Yb,Cr形成大量10~20 nm、共格的固溶部分Zn,Mg,Cu的(Al,Cr)3(Zr,Yb)弥散相,这些均匀分布于基体的细小共格弥散相能强烈钉扎位错和亚晶界,抑制基体再结晶,使合金亚晶界上的析出相与晶内近似,晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZs,precipitate-free zones)不明显。复合添加Zr,Yb,Cr的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在保持高强度和塑性的同时,沿晶断裂抗力和局部腐蚀抗力显著提高。T6态Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Yb-Cr合金的断裂机制主要为韧窝型断裂,剥落腐蚀等级降至EA。再结晶晶界成为超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金腐蚀和断裂的优先扩展路径。     

微量Er和Cr对超高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金再结晶行为和性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr、Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Cr和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er-Cr合金。通过金相显微镜、透射电镜的观察,和硬度、强度、腐蚀性能测试,对比Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr、Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Er-Cr和Al-Zn-MgCu-Zr-Er-Cr合金的再结晶行为和性能。结果表明,Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金中添加微量Er、Cr后生成的含Zn、Mg、Cu的(Al,Cr)3(Zr,Er)相细小弥散,与基体共格,可钉扎位错,稳定亚结构,阻碍亚晶长大及晶界的迁移,从而抑制铝合金基体的再结晶,使合金在510℃仍能保持细小的亚晶组织,再结晶起始温度升高至500℃;在保持高的断裂韧性的同时,合金的应力腐蚀和剥落腐蚀抗力提高,应力腐蚀开裂界限应力强度因子KISCC由10.9 MPa/m1/2升高到22.4 MPa/m1/2,剥落腐蚀由EB+升高至EA+。     

微量Ti、Cr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

通过拉伸试验、晶间腐蚀与应力腐蚀实验,结合金相观察和高分辨透射电镜分析,研究微量Ti和Cr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金弥散相、再结晶与性能的影响。结果表明:在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金中,添加0.04%Ti(质量分数,下同)可使合金抑制再结晶的能力降低,从而导致合金的力学性能和抗应力腐蚀性能降低;复合添加0.04%Ti和0.04%Cr,形成含有少量Cr的Al3(Zr,Ti)弥散相,合金抑制再结晶的能力显著增强,合金在保持高强度的同时,抗应力腐蚀性能显著提高,抗拉强度为687.6 MPa,屈服强度为651.4 MPa,比不含Ti和Cr的合金分别提高15.3 MPa和7.8 MPa,应力腐蚀裂纹萌生时间由161 h延长至306 h。     

抗热的铁 铬 锰合金

结合Mo，Nb和V各0．5～1．5及Zr0．05～0.20％的，Fe＋Cr＋Mn合金中添加C0.50～0．60，Cr20～24，Mn8～11，Ni1～3，N0.30～0．60％，并且C＋N＝0．9～1．1％，Mo＋V＋Nb／Cr＝0.10～0．20，在≤800℃温度下，该合金的硬度和强度均会提高，对氧化物有防腐作用。抗热的铁 铬 锰合金@姚云芳     

Mn对冷轧Al-Mg—Si—Cu合金再结晶行为的影响

研究在不同退火温度下,Mn对冷轧Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金组织和性能的影响．通过绘制再结晶动力学曲线,测定不同Mn含量的Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金再结晶激活能和再结晶温度．实验结果表明,Mn可以有效的阻碍Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金再结晶行为．当w（Mn）〈0．7％,Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金再结晶起始温度随Mn含量的增加而提高,再结晶结束温度不变．再结晶激活能随Mn含量的增加而提高．     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.