Sicherung der Rohstoffversorgung der EU-Industrie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Forschungsarbeiten in der Nichteisenmetallurgie an der Montanuniversität Leoben

“Institute of Technology and Metallurgy of Nonferrous Metals” founded in 1969 — Since 1985 broad extension in research and teaching, financial resources, experimental equipment, number of collaborators (students, diploma and doctorate candidates, graduates) — 2002 foundation of Christian Doppler Laboratory for Secondary Metallurgy of Nonferrous Metals —Interlinked research activities: metals (basis, refractory, noble metals and alloys)/goals (process and reactor development, decrease of energy consumption, increase of space-time-yield, recycling, environmental protection, automation)/means (selective oxidation or evaporation, cyclone, fluidized bed, hydrogen metallurgy, hydro and electrometallurgy, first processing step, modelling)     

Technisch-metallurgische Entwicklungen der Eisenindustrie in der Neuzeit — Teil 1 Die Anfänge der Hochofenwinderhitzung

A larger overview survey will be published in 2006 in six shorter treatises — Part 1: Beginnings of blast furnace air heaters — James Beaumont Neilson’s patent (1828) of air heater apparatus (tube bends with indirect grate fire) — Later use of top gas heat by K. F. v. Kerner and A. C. W. F. Faber du Faur (recuperators) — 1856 F. Siemens: invention of regenerative firing — 1860 blast heater by Cowper     

Technisch-metallurgische Entwicklungen der Eisenindustrie in der Neuzeit — Teil 2

Puddle iron and steel — Invention of the puddling process with hard coal (reverberatory furnace puddling) by the Englishman Henry Cort, patents of 1783 and 1784 — Spreading of the new, efficient puddling process over the European continent since the 1820 years — Principle and implementation of puddling, applicability to low grade fuels by gasification — Constructive improvements of the puddling furnaces — Indications on mechanical puddling and on rotating furnaces     

Möglichkeiten zur Lösung der Chromproblematik in der Metallurgie

Zusammenfassung Chrom tritt in seinen Verbindungen normalerweise in Form von Cr(III) oder Cr(VI) auf. Im Gegensatz zu Cr(III) ist Cr(VI) hoch toxisch und manche Chromate sind kanzerogen. Weil in unterschiedlichen Industriezweigen gro?e Mengen Cr(VI)-h?ltiger Abf?lle anfallen, haben viele L?nder strenge Einschr?nkungen für die Emission von Cr(VI) erlassen. Es werden eine ganze Reihe von Untersuchungen für die Beseitigung von Cr(VI) aus Abwasser bzw. auch aus festen Abf?llen aufgezeigt. Welche von diesen Verfahren für den Einsatz in der Metallurgie geeignet sind, ist noch Gegenstand weiterer Untersuchungen.

---

Possibilities to Solve the Chromium Problem in the Metallurgy

Summary Chromium usually occurs in its compounds in form of Cr(VI) or Cr(III). Cr(VI) is highly toxic in contrast to Cr(III), and some chromates are carcinogenic. Many countries enacted strict regulations for the emission of Cr(VI) because huge amounts of waste containing Cr(VI) accumulate in various fields of industry. A series of investigations for the removal of Cr(VI) from waste water and also from solid waste was performed. Further research is necessary to find out which processes are suitable for the use in metallurgy.

     

Zur Frage der Rohstoffpolitik der erweiterten EU

The paper discusses the main findings of a study on European minerals planning policies. It highlights the importance of the non-energy extractive industries in Europe. The basic elements and instruments of minerals policy are examined. It is shown that access to minerals and land use planning are key elements of a minerals policy. Administrative procedures can be very complex, elaborate and time consuming. This is aggravated by the lack of clearly defined minerals policies placing minerals extraction at a disadvantage compared to other forms of land use in many of the European countries.     

Trends in der Kontrolle von Aufbereitungsprozessen

The past decade has seen some interesting developments in the fields of regulatory and advanced process control for mineral processing plants, in terms of: (i) the suite control techniques now commonly used; (ii) the introduction of new advanced sensing technologies; and, (iii) peripheral developments in near real-time applications. In process control, the use of artificial intelligence techniques, phenomenological models and model predictive control provide the process engineer with a powerful suite of tools to develop/maintain complex and effective control strategies. In sensing, machine vision applications for flotation froths, balling drums, and the particle size measurement for haul trucks, feeders, conveyors etc. have enabled improved control performance. Finally, in the near real-time area, data mining, dynamic simulation, and abnormal condition management have opened up new applications for process control. This paper provides an overview of the trends based on industrial examples drawn from Metso’s more than two decades of experiences in process control projects for the global mining community.     

Sicherheit der Rohstoffversorgung unter dem Aspekt der nachhaltigen Entwicklung

The security of future supply with natural resources has to comply with objectives towards a sustainable and responsible development. Resources from the geosphere and recycling material from the technosphere may be grouped in a hierarchy the top of which is made up by fossil energy raw materials and of resources from occurrences which were formed by enrichment processes. The base of the hierarchy is made up by bulk raw materials which occur in unlimited amounts in the crust of the Earth and in the sea water and by waste and residues as potential raw materials. Optimising the efficiency of raw materials takes place if material from a lower level substitutes material from a higher level. Highest efficiency is reached if fossil energy from the top of the hierarchy is substituted or consumption is reduced.     

Technisch-metallurgische Entwicklungen der Eisenindustrie in der Neuzeit—Teil 4 Entphosphorung des Roheisens in Herdöfen

The problem of processing of high phosphorus containing pig iron seemed to be solved by the invention of the Thomas process. For low phosphorus containing ores, however, other blast refining procedures were needed, as well as for steelworks without Thomas converters. Bertrand-Thiel Process: Two-stage process with either two furnaces or with recycling of the pre-refined material; Talbot Process: Multistage feed and repeated tapping.