Dynamic buckling of elastic-plastic complete spherical shells under step loading

The dynamic axisymmetrical behaviour of a perfect complete spherical shell made from a bilinear or work hardening material and subjected to a uniform external step pressure loading is investigated. A perturbation method of analysis leads to a Mathieu equation which gives the dynamic buckling pressure and associated mode for a complete spherical shell. The influence of the plastic parameter and damping on the dynamic buckling pressure and mode number are also discussed.     

Cracked asphalt pavement under traffic loading – A 3D finite element analysis

An asphalt pavement containing a transverse top-down crack is investigated under traffic loading using 3D finite element analysis. The stress intensity factors (SIFs) and the T-stress are calculated for different distances between the crack and the vehicle wheels. It is found that all the three Modes (I, II and III) are present in the crack deformation. The signs and magnitudes of K_I, K_II, K_III and T are significantly dependent on the location of the vehicle wheels with respect to the crack plane. The magnitude of T-stress is considerable, if compared to the stress intensity factors, when one of the wheels is very close to the crack plane.     

Dynamic buckling of functionally graded cylindrical thin shells under non-periodic impulsive loading

Summary.  This paper is concerned with the study of the amplitude of the steady-state vibration in a right finite cylinder made of a mixture consisting of three components: an elastic solid, a viscous fluid and a gas. An exponential decay estimate of Saint-Venant type in terms of the distance from one end of the cylinder is obtained from a first-order differential inequality for a cross-sectional area measure associated with the amplitude of the steady-state vibration. The decay constant depends on the excitation frequency, the constitutive coefficients and the first positive eigenvalue for the fixed membrane problem for the cross-sectional geometry. The paper also indicates how to extend the results to a semi-infinite cylinder. Received October 24, 2002 Published online: April 17, 2003     

Structural strength of electrovacuum glass in components of shells working under compressive loading

Institute of Strength Problems, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainain SSR, Kiev, Moscow. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 2, pp. 40–47, February, 1988.     

Fracture response of externally flawed aluminum cylindrical shells under internal gaseous detonation loading

Experiments were performed to observe the fracture behavior of thin-wall and initially-flawed aluminum tubes to internal gaseous detonation loading. The load can be characterized as a propagating pressure jump with speed of 2.4 km/s and magnitude ranging from 2 MPa to 6 MPa, followed by an expansion wave. Flaws were machined as external axial surface notches. Cracks ran both in the upstream and downstream directions as the hoop stress opened up the notch. Different kinds of crack propagation behavior were observed for various loading amplitudes and flaw sizes. For low-amplitude loading and short flaws, cracks tend to run in a helical fashion, whereas for high-amplitude loading and long flaws, cracks tend to bifurcate in addition to running helically. Unless the cracks branched and traveled far enough to meet, resulting in a split tube, they were always arrested. Strain gages were used to monitor the hoop strains at several places on the tubes’ external surface. Far from the notch, tensile vibrations were measured with frequencies matching those predicted by the steady-state Tang (1965, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers 5, 97–122) and Simkins (1987, Technical Report ARCCB-TB-87008, US Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, Watervliet, N.Y. 12189–4050) models. Near the notch, compressive strains were recorded as a result of the bulging at the notch. Features in the strain signals corresponding to different fracture events are analyzed.     

Ultimate load behaviour of reinforced concrete plates and shells under dynamic transient loading

This paper considers a layered thick shell finite element procedure for determining the dynamic transient nonlinear response of plates and shells. The degenerated three-dimensional isoparametric shell element with independent rotational and translational degrees-of-freedom is employed and a layered formulation is adopted to represent the steel reinforcement and to simulate progressive concrete cracking through the thickness. The dynamic yielding function is assumed to be a function of the current strain rate, in addition to being total plastic strain or work dependent. The concrete model also simulates both compressive crushing and tensile cracking behaviours and an implicit Newmark algorithm is employed for time integration of the equations of motion. Several numerical examples are presented for both slab and shell structures and the results obtained compared with those from other sources wherever available.     

Measures to judge the sensitivity of thin-walled shells concerning stability under different loading conditions

In standard stability investigations of structures applying the finite element method usually the bifurcation and snap-through points – so-called stability points – are detected. However, for practical design purposes not only the stable state of equilibrium itself is significant but also the robustness of the state against finite perturbations in contrast to infinitesimal perturbations. The sensitivity measure, which quantifies this robustness, can be investigated by introducing perturbations at certain load levels and considering the perturbed motion. Some sensitivity studies are performed for simple stability problems as well as for realistic structures (cylindrical shells) under different loading conditions. Further scalar parameters based on Liapunov Characteristic Exponents are developed to allow a better judgment of the motion after introducing perturbations and a more efficient analysis of the complex response (see Ewert/Schweizerhof[7]).     

An experimental investigation into the buckling and post-buckling of CFRP shells under combined axial and torsion loading

The results of an experimental study of the buckling and post-buckling behaviour of four unstiffened thin-walled CFRP cylindrical shells are presented. The test equipment allows axial and torsion loading, applied separately and in combination, using a position control mode, and includes a laser scanning system for the measurement in situ of the geometric imperfection as well as of the progressive change in deformations. The results identify the effect of laminate orientation, show that the buckling loads are essentially independent of load sequence and demonstrate that the shells are able to sustain load in the post-buckling field without any damage. The measured data are fundamental for the development and validation of analytical and numerical models and contribute to the definition of applicable strength design criteria of composite cylindrical shells in the post-buckling field, with the final aim of a larger structure weight saving.     

渗透作用下开裂混凝土的材料损伤模型

混凝土的渗透性在控制混凝土的质量及混凝土结构的行为上起着关键性的作用,而开裂混凝土在渗透作用下的损伤则直接控制了结构的长期工作性能.从开裂混凝土的渗透机理、开裂水压务件、开裂应力出发,求出开裂混凝土中裂缝开度与水压、拉伸及压剪作用下裂缝开度与应力的关系并给出计算公式;然后定义了混凝土开裂损伤问题,通过有效承载面积损失来表达开裂混凝土的损伤;最后通过上述方式将混凝土开裂渗透作用与混凝土的损伤结合起来,求得渗透作用下开裂混凝土的损伤表达.