大孔离子交换树脂应用的研究进展

主要介绍大孔离子交换树脂在水处理、冶金工业、化学工业、医药以及环保等方面应用的进展,对解决大孔离子树脂在处理工业废水、医药和食品生产中的实际问题提出一些建议。     

离子交换法制取高纯度黄腐酸的研究

采用强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂和大孔苯乙烯系螯合树脂相结合的方法制取高纯度的黄腐酸,探讨了离子类型、交换时间和树脂用量对FA纯度的影响,分析了离子交换机理。结论:粗FA溶液依次通过1个001×7 Na~+型、2个D751 Na~+型、1个001×7 H~+型树脂柱,其中001×7型流速1.5 m L/min左右,D751型流速1.5 m L/min左右,FA纯度达99%以上。     

Mg2+/NH4 + Ion Exchange Kinetics under Isothermal Supersaturated Conditions

Ion Exchange Isothermal Supersaturation process (IXISS) allows the recovery of the salt from the elution solution without any additional reagent or step. This work focuses on the batch elution kinetics of magnesium with ammonium from two commercial resins under supersaturated conditions – i.e., conditions far above from the solubility of magnesium. The Mg²⁺/NH₄ ⁺ exchange was measured by chemical analysis and the salt crystallization was monitored by the turbidity of the solution. The stability of the supersaturated solution was evaluated as a function of the functional group and matrix type of the ion exchanger. The effective diffusion coefficients were calculated by fitting the experimental data to the unreacted core model. The values calculated were dependent on the stability of the intraparticular solution.     

离子交换树脂对铜离子吸附交换行为的研究

采用335弱碱性阴离子交换树脂交换吸附酞菁绿废水中高含量的铜离子。研究结果表明,335OH型树脂的交换吸附和脱附性能均优于701Cl,701OH及335Cl树脂,其干树脂的静态吸附交换容量大于120mg/g,工作交换吸附容量43.68mg/g,单柱20BV时铜的去除率可达93%以上,双柱串联处理60BV的去除率在99.91%以上,可确保出水中铜含量达到国家二级排放标准。选用8%HCl溶液为脱附剂,脱附率大于95%,从脱附液中可回收氧化铜,从而实现资源化的目的。树脂经再生后可重复使用,性能稳定,具有良好的应用前景。     

阴离子交换树脂吸附辣椒碱的动力学研究

以辣椒树脂为原料,采用静态吸附法确定了201×7型阴离子交换树脂吸附辣椒碱的最优工艺和提取机理。通过可见分光光度法测定了辣椒碱的质量浓度,并绘制出了不同pH的吸附等温线,建立了离子交换吸附辣椒碱的动力学模型。实验结果表明:该树脂吸附辣椒碱的最优pH值为5.5,当pH5.0或pH6.0时,Langmuir方程能够更好地拟合该吸附过程;而当pH=5.0~6.0时,辣椒碱的吸附等温线更符合Freundlich方程。在pH=5.5、308.15K下,较高的辣椒树脂的质量浓度能显著提高离子交换速率,且初期(t30 min)800~1200r/min的搅拌速率有利于吸附过程。通过计算得出,树脂吸附辣椒碱模型的速率常数k0=2.11×10-3s-1、活化能Ea=12.6 k J/mol、反应级数为0.268,并利用Freundlich模型解析获得了最优pH值(5.5)下阴离子交换树脂吸附辣椒碱的动力学方程。     

离子交换树脂催化酯化研究进展

与传统的无机催化剂相比,离子交换树脂表现出良好的催化性能并且能回收再利用。本文简单介绍了离子交换树脂的种类,重点介绍了离子交换树催化剂在酯化反应中的应用进展。     

离子交换分离磷矿脱镁废水中镁离子的动力学

用动边界模型积分方程描述了001′7树脂脱除磷矿脱镁废水中的Mg2+的有限浴交换动力学，得到了动力学总方程. Mg2+的交换过程属颗粒扩散控制，表观活化能为24.11 kJ/mol，[Mg2+]的表观反应级数为1.0.     

High Aspect Ratio Ion Exchange Resin Bed – Hydraulic Results for Spherical Resin Beads

Abstract

A principal role of the DOE Savannah River Site is to safely dispose of a large volume of liquid nuclear waste held in many storage tanks. An in-tank ion exchange unit is being considered for cesium removal to accelerate waste processing. This unit is planned to have a relatively high bed height to diameter ratio (10:1). Complicating the design is the need to cool the ion exchange media; therefore, the ion exchange column will have a central cooling core making the flow path annular. To separate cesium from waste the media being considered is made of resorcinol formaldehyde resin deposited on spherical plastic beads and is a substitute for a previously tested resin made of crystalline silicotitanate. This spherical media not only has an advantage of being mechanically robust, but, unlike its predecessor, it is also reusable, that is, loaded cesium can be removed through elution and regeneration. Resin regeneration leads to more efficient operation and less spent resin waste, but its hydraulic performance in the planned ion exchange column was unknown. Moreover, the recycling process of this spherical resorcinol formaldehyde causes its volume to significantly shrink and swell. To determine the spherical media's hydraulic demand a linearly scaled column was designed and tested. The waste simulant used was prototypic of the wastes' viscosity and density. This paper discusses the hydraulic performance of the media that will be used to assist in the design of a full-scale unit.     

复床离子交换树脂的电再生技术

在简述混床离子交换树脂电再生技术的基础上,着重讨论复床离子交换树脂的电再生技术的特点、原理和试验研究结果及电再生器的结构。作者所发明的复床树脂电再生器,可同时实现复床中失效阳床和阴床树脂分别再生,再生效果很好;运行不消耗酸碱化学药剂,无废物排放,不污染水体和环境;只消耗少量电能和纯水,经济效益极好;操作简单,使用方便。     

离子交换树脂在污酸净化中的应用

以烟气制酸排放污酸为研究对象,使用离子交换树脂脱出污酸中重金属。通过试验得出：该材料对重金属的脱出效率达到99.82%。当材料吸附饱和之后进行反冲洗脱附,脱附之后材料再次恢复吸附重金属之功能,从而开辟了一条污酸净化的技术途径。     

树脂离子交换提取拜耳法流程中钒的动力学

采用201′7树脂对拜耳法生产Al2O3流程中种分母液沉钒后再浸出,对制得的Na2VO4溶液进行了静态吸附动力学研究,分析了吸附机理. 采用批式离子交换法,考察了树脂粒径、温度、搅拌速率、溶液浓度对离子交换过程的影响,并用动边界模型对树脂吸附钒的离子交换过程进行了描述. 结果表明,离子交换过程由颗粒内扩散控制,搅拌速率和反应温度对交换速率影响较小,吸附速率随Na2VO4溶液中钒初始浓度的增加而升高;交换过程的反应速率常数为10.052 cm4/(mol×s),反应级数n为0.5507,表观活化能为39.67 kJ/mol. 吸附机理分析结果表明,在动力学实验过程中201′7树脂主要吸附的钒阴离子为V10O286-.     

Hydraulic Testing of Ion Exchange Resins for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Waste

Abstract

The granular ion exchange resin SuperLig^® 644 is the ion exchange resin of choice for ¹³⁷Cs separation from Hanford tank wastes. Current testing activities are evaluating both ground gel and spherical resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) resins as alternatives to the sole‐source supplied SL‐644 while achieving comparable loading and elution performance. The purpose of this testing was then to compare the bed forces, resin particle breakage, and differential pressure across the resin bed during multiple load‐elute cycles. These tests were conducted in a small‐scale column with high flow rates to simulate the hydraulic conditions that would be experienced in a full‐scale column.     

离子交换树脂非均相催化乙酰化合成乙酰甲胺磷

研究了在间易搅拌釜中以阳离子交换树脂为催化剂，由甲胺磷催化乙酰化合成乙酰甲胺磷。分别考察了不同类型离子交换树脂的催化乙酰化作用。并且研究了搅拌速度，催化剂用量以及反应温度对乙酰化反应的影响。研究结果表明，以NKC9型离子交换树脂在333.15K温度下具有最好的催化乙酰化作用。     

Evaluation of New Anion Exchange Resins for Plutonium Processing

Abstract

This paper presents the results of studies comparing the performance of two new anion exchange resins for plutonium processing with the well proven and widely used benchmark, Dowex 1X4 resin. In this connection, the experiments on distribution ratio measurement of plutonium as a function of nitric acid concentration, Pu(IV) sorption kinetics, chemical, thermal, and radiation degradation of the two commercially available anion exchange resins namely, Tulsion A‐PSL 4 and Tulsion A‐PSL 6 have been studied, vis‐à‐vis the benchmark. Tulsion A‐PSL 6 was found to have higher plutonium sorption capacity and polymer matrix stability as well as better kinetics of sorption than the other two resins, while Tulsion A‐PSL 4 and Dowex 1X4 were found to have comparable sorption capacity, kinetics, and resistance to chemical and radiation degradation. The small‐scale evaluation of these new anion exchange resins shows that they can be used for the purification and concentration of plutonium.     

连续离子交换系统在山梨醇生产中的应用

阐述了连续离交（ＩＳＥＰ）系统的工作原理,特点及其在生产实践中的应用情况,并与传统固定床式离交系充进行了技术经济比较。     

离子交换树脂吸附法分离乙醇溶液中甘油的研究

通过实验探讨了离子交换树脂对乙醇溶液中甘油的吸附作用。实验结果表明,凝胶型树脂对甘油的静态吸附容量大于大孔型树脂,且一般随温度降低而增大;在所试验的几种树脂中,２０１×４（ＯＨ型）具有较大的动态吸附容量（３３．７ｍｇ甘油／ｍｌ湿树脂）。     

离子交换法在制取植酸中的应用

以玉米胚芽饼为原料采用离子交换法提取植酸的新工艺,植酸收率可达９７ ．６ ％ 以上,粗蛋白质量降至０ ．１４ ％ 。     

Definition of a Clean Process for the Treatment of Landfill Leachates Integration of Electrooxidation and Ion Exchange Technologies

Abstract

The aim of this work is the definition of a clean process for the treatment of landfill leachates by integration of efficient technologies, namely electrooxidation and selective ion exchange, that reduce the initial concentration of the pollutants and allow re‐use of the treated water. Treatment of the leachates by electrochemical oxidation using a boron doped diamond electrode led to complete removal of chemical oxygen demand and ammonium nitrogen. However, as a result of ammonium oxidation the partial formation of nitrate was observed. Ion exchange removal of nitrate was experimentally analyzed using the selective resin Purolite A520 E obtaining satisfactory results.     

Investigation of Selectivity and Kinetic Behavior of Strong‐Base Ion Exchange Resin Purolite A 520E for Nitrate Removal from Aqueous Solution

Abstract

The aim of this work is to present experimental results on the removal of nitrate by nitrate selective ion exchange resin, Purolite A 520E. The resin particle size, nitrate concentration, temperature, and stirring speed were investigated as experimental parameters and the optimum conditions for nitrate removal were determined. Nitrate removal by strong base anion exchange resin Purolite A 520E was carried out with the batch method in the presence of chloride and sulfate ions. The existence of a high concentration of competing ions in a solution resulted in a reduction of nitrate removal. Nitrate removal ratios decreased from 98% to 85% and 88%, respectively, in the presence of chloride and sulfate ions when the chloride and sulfate ratios were increased in solution. The process kinetics were predicted by using Homogenous Diffusion Models. It was seen that about 98% of nitrate in the aqueous solution could be removed using optimum conditions.     

混床离子交换树脂电再生技术

用H2O分子电离所产生的H＋和OH-离子,用水这一再生剂,代替酸碱再生失效离子交换树脂的体外电再生技术,使离子交换水处理变为一种绿色环保水处理技术。从电再生系统、原理、验证和实验及工程应用等几方面,介绍了这项高科技创新技术。