一种新型的基于UC-PBG基底的微带天线

提出了一种新的基于平面光子带隙(UC-PBG)结构的微带天线,在基底上开了一个凹槽,天线贴片位于槽的底部,设计天线的工作频率落在光子晶体的禁带之内.通过对该结构进行数值仿真,证实了该设计在抑制表面波,提高增益及效率和改善辐射方向性等方面的有效性.     

光子晶体中矢量的Bloch定理

众所周知,在半导体中,由于势场的周期性,使得电子的能量呈带状结构,带和带之间可能有间隙带隙;它可以通过解周期场下的薛定谔方程来得到.光场的亥姆霍兹方程十分相似;因而当介电常数具有周期性时,在光子晶体能带结构中也可能存在带隙,频率落在光子带隙内的光波不能在光子晶体中传播.这种类似半导体的周期性电介质结构称为光子晶体.这种材料有一个显著的特点是它可以利用带结构中可能存在的带隙,如人所愿的控制光子的运动.因此,光子晶体的应用非常广泛,可以制作高性能器件:新型的平面天线、光子晶体波导、光子晶体微腔、光子晶体光纤、光子晶体超棱镜等. Bloch定理是光子晶体理论中平面波方法和传输矩阵法的重要理论基础.本文运用量子力学中的算符理论,将Bloch定理由标量场推广到矢量场;发现这是电介质材料具有空间平移对称性的直接结论.(PH12)     

光子晶体中矢量场的Bloch定理

光场的亥姆霍兹方程与薛定谔方程十分相似,因而当介电常数具有周期性时,在光子晶体能带结构中也可能存在带隙.频率落在光子带隙内的光波不能在光子晶体中传播.这种类似半导体的周期性电介质结构称为光子晶体,它有一个显著的特点是可以利用带结构中可能存在的带隙,如人所愿的控制光子运动.光子晶体的应用非常广泛,可以制作高性能器件:新型的平面天线、光子晶体波导、光子晶体微腔、光子晶体光纤、光子晶体超棱镜等. Bloch定理是光子晶体理论中平面波方法和传输矩阵法的重要理论基础.文章运用量子力学中的算符理论,将 Bloch定理由标量场推广到矢量场;发现这是电介质材料具有空间平移对称性的直接结论.(OA12)     

平面波展开法在质量分数测量上的应用研究

为了提出测定果糖质量分数的新方案,采用光子晶体平面波展开法进行了理论分析和数值模拟。通过研究以硅半导体材料为背景介质周期性排列空气孔圆柱构成的光子晶体,分别取得了正方晶格和三角晶格的空气孔结构光子晶体的TE模、TM模禁带结构特性。结果表明,在高频率区域,2维正方晶格或三角晶格结构各向同性光子晶体的光子带隙随待测质量分数不同是单调变化的;同时,晶格结构对光子带隙有一定的影响,不论是在正方结构还是三角结构光子晶体中,TE模带隙都比TM模大得多。这对质量分数测量和高血糖患者的临床应用有一定的指导作用。     

平面波展开法在质量分数测量上的应用研究

为了提出测定果糖质量分数的新方案,采用光子晶体平面波展开法进行了理论分析和数值模拟。通过研究以硅半导体材料为背景介质周期性排列空气孔圆柱构成的光子晶体,分别取得了正方晶格和三角晶格的空气孔结构光子晶体的TE模、TM模禁带结构特性。结果表明,在高频率区域,2维正方晶格或三角晶格结构各向同性光子晶体的光子带隙随待测质量分数不同是单调变化的;同时,晶格结构对光子带隙有一定的影响,不论是在正方结构还是三角结构光子晶体中,TE模带隙都比TM模大得多。这对质量分数测量和高血糖患者的临床应用有一定的指导作用。     

光子晶体结构在CB-CPW馈电贴片天线中的应用

研究了共面紧凑型光子晶体(UC-PBG)结构的带隙特性,并采用UC-PBG结构来抑制背面金属支撑共面波导(CB-CPW)中的平行板模式.提出了一种新型的基于UC-PBG结构的CB-CPW馈电贴片天线,通过将CB-CPW背面的金属地板改造成二维UC-PBG栅格结构,在保持CB-CPW原有优点的同时,成功地抑制了平行板模式在天线中的传播.仿真与测量结果表明,与传统的CB-CPW馈电贴片天线相比,该新型天线在UC-PBG的带隙范围内抑制了平行板模式造成的能量泄露,消除了其带来的寄生谐振效应和多径干扰效应,天线的方向图更加光滑对称,旁瓣大大减小,同时法向增益提高了1.5 dB.     

光子晶体太赫兹波导带隙的研究

提出了一种光子晶体太赫兹波导,该波导包层为硅介质中含有按三角形格子周期排列的空气孔,纤芯为有机材料聚乙烯.这种波导是一种带隙效应波导.首先介绍平面波法(PWM)的理论,然后应用平面波法分析了这种光子晶体太赫兹波导的带隙结构,研究空气填充率变化对光子带隙结构的影响,得到了光子晶体太赫兹波导周期性结构的结构参数及与其相对应的导波频率.分析结果表明,增大空气填充率,可得到多条带隙和较大的带隙宽度,更易于实现纤芯导光.保持空气填充率不变,仅改变空气空间距可以在保持带隙结构不变条件下改变光子晶体太赫兹波导的导光频率.     

复合周期特异介质光子晶体异质结的谐振模

一维异质结光子晶体包含两个基本单元结构,其中每个单元都由一种特异介质和常规介质层叠构成.利用传输矩阵法,通过数值模拟得出两种不同异质结光子晶体的透射谱.在1.0 ～ 10.0 GHz频率范围内,(AB)6(CD)4结构的透射谱中出现了三个光子带隙,但带隙中没有谐振模;而在(《AB)6(CD)4)2结构的透射谱中,在三个光子带隙内均出现谐振模.在第一带隙内,随着入射角的增大,TE波和TM波的谐振模数目均减少且谐振模发生频移.其中对于TE波,在2.40 GHz附近出现了全向谐振模.     

二氧化硅介质柱构成的8重准晶结构光子晶体的传输特性

采用时域有限差分法讨论了由二氧化硅介质柱构成的8重准晶结构光子晶体的带隙特性。数值模拟结果表明,该结构的光子晶体对TM模存在较宽的光子带隙,而对TE模不存在光子带隙;光子带隙的中心频率随着填充因子的增大向低频方向移动;相对带隙宽度随着填充因子的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并在填充因子r/a为0.29时存在最大值,该带隙可以覆盖1.55μm附近44nm的宽度或1.31μm附近37nm的宽度,足以用于设计和制作准晶结构的光子晶体光纤等光通信器件;光子带隙的位置和宽度均与入射光的方向无关,带隙的这种各向同性使基于该结构的新型器件的制作有更大的设计自由度。     

平面带隙结构在微波和毫米波集成电路中的应用

介绍了平面带隙结构在微波集成电路应用方面的最新进展。光子带隙(PBG)结构是具有带阻特性的周期结构,最初应用于光学领域,后来扩展到其他领域。目前从可见光到红外都有研究,在微波和毫米波频段也有应用。PBG结构可以采用金属、介质、铁磁或铁电物质植入衬底材料,或者直接由各种材料周期性排列而成。目前国内外所提出的光子带隙结构多种多样,一维和二维的平面带隙结构由于易于实现且便于集成,因而在微波毫米波集成电路中得到了广泛的应用。     

周期损耗介质加载波导与均匀圆波导间的模式映射

损耗介质环与金属环间隔加载的周期损耗介质波导能够有效地控制各种模式的衰减特性,这对于抑制毫米波回旋行波管放大器的绝对不稳定性和提高其性能具有重要作用.针对应用于Ka波段、TE01模的回旋行波管放大器的周期损耗介质加载圆波导,系统地分析了该周期系统与均匀系统间的模式映射关系.研究表明,当介质层厚度一定时,均匀介质加载波导中的高阶模式可以映射为光滑波导中的低阶模式,且相互映射的模式在中空区域的场型一致.周期系统中的模式表现出复合模式的分布.在一个周期中,介质段和金属段的模式分别映射为均匀介质波导和金属波导中的模式.明确周期介质加载波导系统与均匀波导系统间的模式映射关系是分析发生在这种复杂的互作用回路中的回旋电子脉塞注波互作用的前提,对简化其物理模型具有指导作用.     

A Lossy Dielectric-Ring Loaded Waveguide With Suppressed Periodicity for Gyro-TWTs Applications

A dielectric-loaded (DL) waveguide is an attractive possibility for interaction circuits with high-power sources in the millimeter-wave regime down to tenths of millimeters, particularly for gyrotron-traveling-wave-tube amplifiers (gyro-TWTs). We present results on a systematic investigation of the influence of the periodically loaded lossy dielectric on the propagation characteristics of the operating modes, which reveals that a complex mode in the periodic system can be mapped to a corresponding mode in an empty waveguide or a uniform DL waveguide. Dielectric losses not only induce modal transitions between different modes with similar field structures and close phase velocities in the uniform system but also unify the discrete mode spectrum into a continuous spectrum in the periodic system. Since the lossy dielectric functions as a power sink, the higher order Bloch harmonic components arising from the structural periodicity are suppressed, and the mode spectrum of the lossy periodic system degenerates into that of an empty waveguide. This alleviates the potential danger of spurious oscillations induced by the higher order harmonic components, making the periodic lossy DL waveguide promising in a high-power millimeter-wave gyro-TWT.     

Frequency Selective Characteristics of Dielectric Periodic Structures for Millimeter Wave Application

In this paper, the frequency selective reflection characteristics of dielectric periodic structures for the oblique incidence of a plane wave are analyzed by a method which combines the multimode network theory with the rigorous mode matching method. The variations of the total reflection characteristics with the geometric dimensions of the dielectric periodic structures are systematically investigated to develop useful guidelines for the design of the dielectric frequency selective surface. Moreover, the relationship between the related wave phenomenon and the dispersion characteristics of multilayer plane dielectric structure is explained with the theory of plane dielectric waveguide.     

Aperture-coupled patch antenna on UC-PBG substrate

The recently developed uniplanar compact photonic bandgap (UC-PBG) substrate is successfully used to reduce surface-wave losses for an aperture-coupled fed patch antenna on a thick high dielectric-constant substrate. The surface-wave dispersion diagram of the UC-PBG substrate has been numerically computed for two different substrate thickness (25 and 50 mil) and found to have a complete stopband in the frequency range of 10.9-13.5 and 11.4-12.8 GHz, respectively. The thicker substrate is then used to enhance broadside gain of a patch antenna working in the stopband at 12 GHz. Computed results and measured data show that, due to effective surface-wave suppression, the antenna mounted on the UC-PBG substrate has over 3-dB higher gain in the broadside direction than the same antenna etched on a grounded dielectric slab with same thickness and dielectric constant. Cross-polarization level remains 13 dB down the co-polar component level for both E- and H-planes     

Finite Element Analysis of Photonic Crystal Rods With Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Refractive Index Tensor

A procedure for incorporating inhomogeneous anisotropic variations in the refractive index tensor into two-dimensional finite element calculations of the guided mode characteristics of photonic crystal rods is presented. The stress tensor distribution is assumed to be known. Photonic crystal rod designs incorporating stress applying parts are analyzed using this procedure. The predicted guided mode structure is compared to the simplified case described by uniform birefringence revealing differences in the effective indexes of the guided modes, the effective area and eccentricity of the fundamental mode, the modal birefringence, and the overlap with the gain region of active devices. The method is applicable to all dielectric waveguide structures.     

介质周期结构频率选择特性的多模网络分析

本文采用多模网络与严格模匹配相结合的方法分析了平面波斜入射时介质周期结构的频率选择反射特性。讨论了这种结构全反射的频率、带宽和在确定频带内出现全反射的个数随周期层厚度、附加介质层厚度及介电常数的变化关系,为介质频率选择表面结构的设计提供了依据。最后用平板介质波导理论说明了这种波现象与多层平板介质结构导模色散特性的关系。     

一种基于光子带隙结构的新型圆极化天线

分析了一种畸变式共面紧凑型光子带隙(DUC-PBG)结构的阻带特性,论证了其结构比传统的UC-PBG更加紧凑,因而更有利于实现光子晶体天线的小型化。在提出一种圆极化微带天线的基础上,将这种DUC-PBG结构刻蚀在贴片天线的周围,并使得天线的工作频率落在它的阻带范围内,以此来实现抑制表面波和改善天线性能的目的。通过对该结构进行数值仿真,证实了该设计在抑制表面波、削弱交叉极化分量、提高增益及改善天线的辐射方向性等方面的有效性。     

Frequency-selective transmission by a leaky parallel-plate-like waveguide

The phenomena of high frequency-selective transmission of a plane wave by a dielectric two-dimensional (2-D) periodic waveguide, comprising a uniform dielectric layer sandwiched by two finite thickness 2-D periodic structures served as the waveguide wall is described. This structure is termed a leaky parallel-plate-like waveguide because the waveguide walls are not perfect reflection mirrors. The scattering characteristics and dispersion relation, including the phase and attenuation constants, of the 2-D periodic waveguide are thoroughly analyzed with the modal transmission-line method and Floquet theory. The extraordinary open stopbands caused by the contra-flow coupling between a leaky parallel-plate-like waveguide and the leaky waves, which are generated by 2-D periodic structures (waveguide walls), are displayed in the form of the Brillouin diagram. The phase-match condition is used to verify the resonant coupling between the incident plane wave and the leaky parallel-plate-like waveguide modes. Specifically, the transmission peak frequencies are accurately predicted.     

A dielectric rod waveguide coupled with metal rectangular waveguide

Measurements have been done in the millimeter wave region on a composite waveguide which comprises a dielectric rod waveguide connecting two metal rectangular waveguides. Such a waveguide has been used by us in a Josephson harmonic mixer installed in a small metal cryostat, to prevent the thermal invasion from outside environment and to transmit both signal and LO waves with small losses. The measured transmission loss, that is caused mainly by the coupling loss between metal rectangular waveguides (TE₁₀ mode) and a dielectric rod waveguide (HE₁₁ mode), has been less than 2dB in the frequency range of 52–104 GHz.