蛙跳优化算法求解多目标无等待流水线调度

提出了基于Pareto边界和档案集的改进蛙跳算法,解决以最大完工时间、最大拖后时间和总流经时间为目标值的无等待流水线调度问题．首先,采用NEH（Nawaz—Enscore—Ham）启发式与随机解相结合的初始化方法,保证了初始群体的质量和分布性;其次,采用两点交叉方法生成新解,使蛙跳算法能够直接用于解决调度问题;再次,利用非支配解集动态更新群体,改善了群体的质量和多样性;最后,将基于插入邻域的快速局部搜索算法嵌入到蛙跳算法中,增强了算法的开发能力和效率．仿真试验表明了所得蛙跳算法的有效性和高效性．     

动态子和声算法求解无等待批量流水线问题

针对无等待批量流水线调度问题,根据和声算法的机理,提出了一种改进的和声算法对其进行求解。利用NEH和混沌序列相结合的方法产生初始解,并实现了和声向量与工序之间的转换;充分利用最优解,设计新的更新算子,为了避免陷入局部最优,引入了变异策略;结合蛙跳算法分组的特点,将和声库随机动态的分成了几个子和声;为平衡算法的全局开发和局部搜索的能力,对子和声中的最优解执行了局部搜索。通过仿真实验与其他几种算法进行比较,证明了算法的有效性。     

基于蛙跳算法的零空闲流水线调度问题优化

针对零空闲流水线调度问题,以E/T指标最优为优化测度,提出了一种蛙跳求解算法。首先,该算法采用新的个体产生方法,扩展传统蛙跳算法的求解模型。其次,使用带有启发式策略的种群初始化方法优化初始解性能。再次,借助基于种群多样性的方法进行排序和分组,并通过部分随机初始化策略保持种群多样性。最后,结合一种简单而有效的邻域搜索算法,达到局部探索和全局搜索之间的平衡,进而提高收敛速度。在若干benchmark问题上的仿真实验表明了所提算法的有效性。     

求解批量流水线调度问题的蜂群算法

针对批量流水线调度问题,提出了一种改进的人工蜂群算法来优化最大完成时间。该算法运用NEH方法产生初始解,采用混沌遍历的方法生成新的邻域解。为了跳出局部最优,使用最优解的插入扰动来替换一些连续若干步不能改进的解来提高算法的全局搜索能力。采用自适应的局部搜索加强算法的局部搜索能力。仿真试验表明了所得算法的可行性和高效性。     

混合遗传NEH算法在流水车间调度中的应用

针对流水车间调度问题提出一种混合遗传NEH算法,以提高求解效率.NEH算法是一种高效的构造性算法具有很强的邻域搜索能力,而遗传算法则能有效地提供全局搜索.据此,新算法首先通过选择、交叉和变异操作,经过迭代获得一个较好解,然后在这个解所在的特定邻域内进行改进的NEH搜索,以获得更好解,经过NEH搜索后求得的最好解作为一个新个体加入下一代种群中,继续进行遗传操作.通过对流水车间调度的最小化最大完成时间问题的仿真实验结果表明,新算法有明显改进.     

差异工件流水车间批调度问题的求解

针对流水车间批调度问题,提出一种基于群智能算法的求解思路。结合问题具体特点,给出工件集合的分批策略,设计了将Palmer和Best Fit（BF）分批规则相结合的分批方法;在批排序阶段,提出了一种改进的微粒群算法;在粒子初始生成阶段,通过引入NEH启发式算法改进了粒子的初始化质量;在全局最佳位置更新前,通过变邻域搜索优化了算法的局部搜索能力,避免了算法陷入局部最优。仿真实验表明,改进后的算法优于传统的微粒群算法和NEH启发式算法。     

批量无等待调度问题的微粒群蛙跳混合优化算法*

将离散微粒群与蛙跳算法相结合解决以最大完工时间为指标的批量无等待流水线调度问题.结合微粒群算法较强的全局收敛能力和蛙跳算法较强的深度搜索能力,设计了三种混合算法,平衡了算法的全局开发能力和局部探索能力.对随机生成不同规模的实例进行了广泛的实验,仿真实验结果的比较表明了所得混合算法的有效性和高效性.     

求解置换流水车间调度问题的改进遗传算法

针对置换流水车间调度问题的基本特征和传统遗传算法易早熟的缺陷,设计了改进遗传算法来求解此问题。采用NEH和Palmer启发式算法进行种群初始化,以提高初始解的质量;根据Metropolis准则对染色体进行选择操作,避免陷入局部最优;在变异过程中引入禁忌算法,避免迂回搜索;在算法迭代过程中引入了保优机制,避免丢失优秀染色体的基因信息;采用自适应终止准则,以保证解的质量。基于典型Benchmark算例的仿真实验结果表明,算法在求解质量和收敛速度方面明显优于NEH算法和种群经过初始优化的传统遗传算法。     

置换流水车间调度问题的两阶段分布估计算法

针对置换流水车间调度问题,以最小化总流水时间为目标,提出了一种新颖的两阶段分布估计算法。第一阶段先利用NEH（Nawaz-Enscore-Ham,NEH）启发式构造一个较优的初始个体,然后随机生成初始种群,为保留种群的多样性,提出一种择优机制来选择个体并建立概率模型,同时在当代种群中利用精英机制保留当代种群中的最优解,最后利用概率模型采样并生成下一代种群。第二阶段采用插入、互换操作算子对第一阶段得到的最优解进行邻域搜索,来提高分布估计算法的全局搜索能力,阻止其陷入局部最优解。通过对算例进行实验、对比和分析,证明该算法的可行性和有效性。     

双目标无等待流水线调度的加权混合算法

针对最小化“总完工时间”和“最大完工时间”的双目标无等待流水线作业调度问题提出了一种粒子群加权混合优化算法,通过随机加权的方式将其转换成单目标问题,并应用基于升序排列的ROV（ranked-order-value）编码规则,将粒子群优化算法应用于无等待流水线作业调度问题。为了提高算法的性能,增强算法的搜索能力,提出的混合算法应用了NEH方法构造初始种群,在一个较好的初始值上进行粒子群优化,为防止种群陷入局部最优造成早熟,在粒子群每次迭代之后对全局最优解加入扰动并进行变邻域搜索。仿真实验结果表明该混合调度算法具有良好的性能。     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).