Adaptive Kalman Filter of Transfer Alignment with Un-modeled Wing Flexure of Aircraft

The alignment accuracy of the strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS) of airborne weapon is greatly degraded by the dynamic wing flexure of the aircraft. An adaptive Kalman filter uses innovation sequences based on the maximum likelihood estimated criterion to adapt the system noise covariance matrix and the measurement noise covariance matrix on line,which is used to estimate the misalignment if the model of wing flexure of the aircraft is unknown. From a number of simulations,it is shown that the accuracy of the adaptive Kalman filter is better than the conventional Kalman filter,and the erroneous misalignment models of the wing flexure of aircraft will cause bad estimation results of Kalman filter using attitude match method.     

Modified Observation Model in Tightly-Coupled INS/GPS Integration

The conventional Kalman filter (CKF) is widely used in tightly-coupled INS/GPS integrated navigation systems. The linearization accuracy of the CKF observation model is one of the decisive factors of the estimation accuracy and therefore navigation accuracy. Additionally, the conventional observation model (COM) used by the filter may be divergent, which would result into some terrible accuracies of INS/GPS integration navigation in some cases. To improve the navigation accuracy, the linearization accuracy of the COM still needs further improvement. To deal with this issue, the observation model is modified with the linearization of the range and range rate equations in this paper. Compared with COM, the modified observation model (MOM) further considers the difference between the real user position and the position calculated by SINS. To verify the advantages of this model, INS/GPS integrated navigation simulation experiments are conducted with the usage of COM and MOM respectively. According to the simulation results, the positions (velocities) calculated using COM are divergent over time while the others using MOM are convergent, which demonstrates the higher linearization accuracy of MOM.     

Bridging GPS outages of tightly-coupled GPS/SINS using GMDH neural network

A tightly-coupled GPS(global positioning system)/SINS(strap-down inertial navigation system)based on a GMDH(group method of data handling)neural network was presented to solve the problem of degraded accuracy for less than four visible GPS satellites with poor signal quality.Positions and velocities of the satellites were predicted by a GMDH neural network,and the pseudo-ranges and pseudo-range rates received by the GPS receiver were simulated to ensure the regular operation of the GPS/SINS Kalman filter during outages.In the mathematical simulation a tightly-coupled navigation system with a proposed approach has better navigation accuracy during GPS outages,and the anti-jamming ability is strengthened for the tightly-coupled navigation system.     

New autonomous celestial navigation method for lunar satellite

Celestial navigation system is an important autonomous navigation system widely used for deep space exploration missions, in which extended Kalman filter and the measurement of angle between celestial bodies are used to estimate the position and velocity of explorer. In a conventional cartesian coordinate, this navigation system can not be used to achieve accurate determination of position for linearization errors of nonlinear spacecraft motion equation. A new autonomous celestial navigation method has been proposed for lunar satellite using classical orbital parameters. The error of linearizafion is reduced because orbit parameters change much more slowly than the position and velocity used in the cartesian coordinate. Simulations were made with both the cartesiane system and a system based on classical orbital parameters using extended Kalman filter under the same conditions for comparison. The results of comparison demonstrated high precision position determination of lunar satellite using this new m     

Fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter for indoor mobile target positioning with INS/WSN integrated method

Pure inertial navigation system(INS) has divergent localization errors after a long time. In order to compensate the disadvantage, wireless sensor network(WSN) associated with the INS was applied to estimate the mobile target positioning. Taking traditional Kalman filter(KF) as the framework, the system equation of KF was established by the INS and the observation equation of position errors was built by the WSN. Meanwhile, the observation equation of velocity errors was established by the velocity difference between the INS and WSN, then the covariance matrix of Kalman filter measurement noise was adjusted with fuzzy inference system(FIS), and the fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter(FAKF) based on the INS/WSN was proposed. The simulation results show that the FAKF method has better accuracy and robustness than KF and EKF methods and shows good adaptive capacity with time-varying system noise. Finally, experimental results further prove that FAKF has the fast convergence error, in comparison with KF and EKF methods.     

Applying of Switch Strong Tracking UKF in Spacecraft Autonomous Celestial Navigation

Star & Horizon sensor based autonomous navigation methods play an increasingly important role in spacecraft celestial navigation. However,the measurements of star sensors and horizon sensor are frequently affected by uncertain noises from space environment. To improve the estimation precision,a state estimation algorithm named Switch Strong Tracking Unscented Kalman Filter( SSTUKF) is presented. Firstly,the adaptive fading factor is deduced through the adoption of unknown instrumental diagonal matrixes to real time rectify the measurement covariance matrix. Secondly,according to the deduction of Chebyshev law of large numbers,innovation criterion is introduced during estimation to decrease the unnecessary calculation. Finally,SSTUKF is suggested through the adoption of adaptive fading factor and innovation criterion. The filter can switch between the normal filter mode and adaptive filter mode. As the calculation of innovation criterion is less than the adaptive fading factor,SSTUKF improves the estimation efficiency. To demonstrate the effectiveness,SSTUKF is applied to Star & Horizon sensor based autonomous navigation system with uncertain measurement noises. The simulation results verify the proposed algorithm.     

Hybrid Kalman and unscented Kalman filters for INS/GPS integrated system considering constant lever arm effect

In inertial navigation system(INS) and global positioning system(GPS) integrated system, GPS antennas are usually not located at the same location as the inertial measurement unit(IMU) of the INS, so the lever arm effect exists, which makes the observation equation highly nonlinear. The INS/GPS integration with constant lever arm effect is studied. The position relation of IMU and GPS’s antenna is represented in the earth centered earth fixed frame, while the velocity relation of these two systems is represented in local horizontal frame. Due to the small integration time interval of INS, i.e. 0.1 s in this work, the nonlinearity in the INS error equation is trivial, so the linear INS error model is constructed and addressed by Kalman filter’s prediction step. On the other hand, the high nonlinearity in the observation equation due to lever arm effect is addressed by unscented Kalman filter’s update step to attain higher accuracy and better applicability. Simulation is designed and the performance of the hybrid filter is validated.     

Multi-Scale Fusion Algorithm for AUVs Integrated Navigation Systems

To deal with the low location accuracy issue of existing underwater navigation technologies in autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs),a distributed fusion algorithm which combines the model's analysis method with a multi-scale transformation method is proposed for integrated navigation system based on AUV.First,integrated navigation system theory and system error sources are introduced in details.Secondly,a navigation systems observation equation on the original scale is decomposed into different scales by the discrete wavelet transform method,and noise reduction is performed by setting the wavelet de-noising threshold.At last,the dynamic equation and observation equations are fused on different scales by the wavelet transformation and Kalman filter.The results show that the proposed algorithm has smaller navigation error and higher navigation accuracy.     

Optimal predication of double-star position/SINS based on discrete integration

Aiming at Double-Star positioning system's shortcomings of delayed position information and easy exposition of the user as well as the error increase of the SINS with the accumulation of time, the integration of Double-Star positioning system and the SINS is one of the developing directions for an integrated navigation system. This paper puts forward an optimal predication method of Double-Star/SINS integrated system based on discrete integration, which can make use of the delayed position information of Double-Star positioning system to optimally predicate the integrated system, and then corrects the SINS. The experimental results show that this method can increase the user's concealment under the condition of assuring the system's accuracy.     

Design on a Multi-Sensor Integrated Attitude Determination System for Small UAVs

This paper discusses the design and implementation of a low cost multi-sensor integrated attitude determination system for small unmanned aerial vehicles（ UAVs）,which uses strapdown inertial navigation system（ SINS） based on micro electromechanical system（ MEMS） inertial sensors,commercial GPS receiver,and 3-axis magnetometer.MEMS-SINS initial attitude determination cannot be well performed for the reason that the MEMS inertial sensors biases are time-varying and poor repeatability,therefore in this paper the magnetometer and inclinometer are used to assist the MEMS-SINS initial attitude determination and MEMS inertial sensors field calibration.Furthermore,the attitude determination algorithms are presented to estimate the full attitude during GPS signal outage and non-accelerating situation.Additionally,the attitude information estimation results are compared with the reference of the non-magnetic marble platform and 3-axis turntable.Then the attitude estimation precision satisfies the requirement of attitude measurement for small UAVs during GPS signal outage and availability.Finally,the small UAV autonomous flight test results show that the low cost and real-time attitude determination system can yield continuous,reliable and effective attitude information for small UAVs.     

车载组合导航的自适应滤波

针对车载组合导航信息融合的高精度、高可靠性等要求,提出了一种组合导航的自适应集中滤波算法.该算法的主要思想是:以判别观测数据中的野值存在与否为算法切换条件,存在野值时采用改进的增益矩阵滤波处理方法,不存在野值时则采用模糊自适应集中滤波方法.将此方法用于SINS/GPS车载组合导航系统,实验表明,采用的这种自适应滤波方法,能够有效抑制滤波发散,滤波精度和收敛速度优于常规集中滤波,是一种有效的车载组合导航算法.     

神经网络辅助的组合导航系统信息融合方案

传统的Kalman滤波器自适应能力弱，而单纯的神经网络滤波器估计精度较差，且网络训练经验性太强。面向组合导航领域，提出BP神经网络辅助自适应联邦Kalman滤波器方案，设计并实现了SINS／GPS／TAN／SAR智能化容错组合导航系统。结合自适应滤波和神经网络两种方法共同提高系统的自适应能力，并提出新的神经网络输入量，改善了算法的实时性。系统的估计精度得到显著提高，仿真结果证明了该方案的可行性和有效性。     

Adaptive Kalman Filter of Transfer Alignment with Un-modeled Wing Flexure of Aircraft

The alignment accuracy of the strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS) of airborne weapon is greatly degraded by the dynamic wing flexure of the aircraft. An adaptive Kalman filter uses innovation sequences based on the maximum likelihood estimated criterion to adapt the system noise covariance matrix and the measurement noise covariance matrix on line, which is used to estimate the misalignment if the model of wing flexure of the aircraft is unknown. From a number of simulations, it is shown that the accuracy of the adaptive Kalman filter is better than the conventional Kalman filter, and the erroneous misalignment models of the wing flexure of aircraft will cause bad estimation results of Kalman filter using attitude match method.     

Adaptive SINS/GPS Outlier Detection and Accommodation Using Innovation Orthogonal

The outlier detection and accommodation of integration navigation of strapdown inertial navigation systems and global position system (SINS/GPS) were studied. Based on analyzing the innovation orthogonal property in Kalman filter, an outlier adaptive detection approach was first presented, which included the determination of evaluation function and threshold and the logic decision of outlier occurrence. To effectively attenuate the influence on estimation accuracy, a modified Kalman filter algorithm was proposed by accommodation of the dynamic data with outlier. Results of data processing from vehicle-test SINS/GPS integration navigation show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

模糊逻辑在NGIMU/GPS组合中的应用

由于加速度计输出动态噪声的存在,无陀螺惯性测量组合(NG IMU)导航误差随时间迅速累积.采用传统卡尔曼滤波方法进行NG IMU/GPS组合导航系统设计时,又由于观测噪声的复杂性,造成滤波结果不明显.针对上述噪声统计特性不易确定的特点,基于NG IMU九加速度计配置方案,提出利用模糊逻辑自适应卡尔曼滤波方法进行NG IMU/GPS组合导航系统设计.模糊逻辑自适应卡尔曼滤波器(FLAKF)通过对噪声方差进行修正,将卡尔曼滤波器调整到最优状态.同时进行了系统位移、速度、角速度仿真,仿真结果验证了模糊逻辑自适应卡尔曼滤波方法的可行性.     

GPS／SINS超紧组合导航系统自适应混合滤波算法

针对传统反馈校正滤波结构中,由于不可观测状态的反馈导致系统滤波精度下降,以及由于全球定位系统／捷联惯性导航系统(GPS／SINS,global positioning system／strapdown inertial navigation system)超紧组合导航系统量测方程的非线性导致滤波难度的增加等问题,本文重新推导了线性的量测方程,并将基于状态可观测性的混合校正滤波算法应用于该模型．通过对比三种主流可观测性分析方法,选用误差协方差阵的特征值和特征向量可观测性分析方法分析系统状态的可观测性．最后根据可观测性分析的结果制定自适应的反馈因子,从而对SINS和GPS接收机误差进行校正．仿真结果显示,该方法可以有效提高不完全可观测系统的估计精度．     

捷联/天文/多普勒组合导航技术在舰船导航中的应用

为了提高舰船组合导航精度与可靠性,针对其特殊应用场合,将天文导航系统提供的位置和姿态信息、多普勒速度声纳提供的舰船速度信息与捷联导航系统进行信息融合,分析了捷联惯性导航系统、天文导航系统和多普勒导航系统的原理,分别建立了组合导航系统信息融合状态方程和量测方程,并对组合导航系统进行了系统仿真实验,实验结果表明,模糊自适应Kalman滤波器收敛速度快,具有一定的容错能力,在天文辅助捷联组合导航系统中可以有效地提高水面舰船组合导航系统的精度.     

基于遗传模糊控制的智能自适应滤波算法

组合导航中软故障难以检测,致使卡尔曼滤波精度降低甚至发散.为提高滤波的容错性,提出了一种基于遗传模糊控制的智能自适应滤波算法.首先针对软故障提出一种模糊自适应滤波算法,算法中通过监测观测量新息及其变化率,应用模糊控制系统计算观测质量因子,并对滤波器量测噪声阵进行在线自适应调整,从而抑制软故障对滤波的影响,保证滤波的精度,提升容错性能.然后,利用自适应遗传算法对隶属度函数的参数进行优化,从而进一步提高算法的整体精度.利用本文提出的算法在SINS/CNS/GPS导航平台上进行了定位实验,结果显示该算法有效,在软故障存在时,定位精度小于2 m,测速精度小于0.1 m/s.     

量测噪声自动加权Kalman滤波

从Kalman滤波技术的稳定性出发，分析了Kalman滤波算法的实质及容量发散的原因，提出在Kalman滤波中引入系统量测噪声协方差阵（R）的计算，并对其加权，从而影响滤波增益，抑制发散，推算舰位／GPS组合导航的应用仿真表明明显测噪声自动加权Kalman滤波算法对系统模型误差和量测噪声协方差误差具有良好的自适应性。