卤化银光纤式CO2激光手术刀

卤化银多晶光纤「ＡｇＣｌｘＢｒ（１－ｘ），０≤ｘ≤１」是一种性能优良的中红外传能光纤。光纤原料采用高真空熔炼、氯气气氛下区域融熔和高真厂长发瓿内单昌生长等特殊工艺方法提纯，光纤用热挤压法成型。已制成的直径Φ１．０（ｍｍ）光纤Ｌ＝１．６４（ｍ）输出ＣＯ２激光功率〉２０（Ｗ），损耗０．３￣０．５ｄＢ／ｍ，Ｆｏｒｕｒｉｅｒ红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）测量结果显示，光纤在４￣１６μｍ波段内有良好的透过率，用光纤制     

钢铁无毒常温发黑剂

钢铁无毒常温发黑剂广东省东莞市轴承厂理化室（５１１７００）黄必来１主要成分ＣｌｌＳＯ。·ＳＨ。Ｏ３～５ｇ／ＬＮＩＳＯ。·７Ｈ。Ｏ０．８。１．２ｇ／Ｌ葡萄糖１．５～２．；召见冰醋酸１２ｍｌ／Ｌ催化剂２ｇ／Ｌ表面活性剂０．２～０．８ｇ／Ｌ２发黑Ｊ艺门）除...     

氰化镀铜工艺

１　主要工艺参数及说明常用的氰化防渗电镀铜或装饰性氰化镀铜底层氰化电镀铜工艺配方及参数：ＣｕＣＮ４０～６０ｇ／ＬＮａＣＮ（游离）１０～２０ｇ／ＬＮａＯＨ５～２０ｇ／ＬＮａ２ＣＯ３２０～３０ｇ／Ｌ酒石酸钾钠３０～４０ｇ／Ｌ温度４０～６０℃阴极电流密度０．５～１．５Ａ／ｄｍ２阳极电解无氧铜板阳极∶阴极２∶１（１）通常铜含量与游离氰化钠含量之比控制在１．００∶（０．２０～０．２５）为佳。在氰化镀铜电解液中加入酒石酸钾钠或硫氰酸盐,有利于铜阳极溶解和预防铜阳极钝化。（２）锌压铸合金装饰电镀以氰化镀铜打底…     

碱性高速电镀耐蚀性锌铝合金工艺简介

介绍了碱性电镀锌铝合金工艺流程、镀层质量和镀液性能。镀液中Ｚｎ＾２＋浓度为２５～３５ｇ／Ｌ,电流效率为８０％,测极电流密度范围宽０．５～２５．０Ａ／ｄｍ＾２,可实施不同镀速的电镀０．５～６．０μｍ／ｍｉｎ。     

电镀规范对Fe—Ni—P合金硬度和耐磨性的影响

研究了不同电镀规范的Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金层显微硬度和摩擦学性能。镀液中Ｆｅ／（Ｆｅ＋Ｎｉ）浓度比增大或电流密度增加，镀层的硬度上，耐磨提高；槽液的ＰＨ值或温度增大，镀层的显微硬度下降，耐磨性降低。镀液ＮａＨ２ＰＯ２．Ｈ２Ｏ浓度为５ｇ／Ｌ时，镀层硬度和磨性最高。宜选用的工艺参数为ＰＨ值１．０－１．２，温度６０－７０℃，电流密度１０－２０Ａ／ｄｍ＾２。Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｐ非晶合金的耐磨性比Ｎｉ－Ｐ非昌合金高２     

光亮镀镍故障处理

某厂自行车车圈厂,采用氰铜－亮镍－装饰铬工艺,已有多年的生产历史,生产工艺成熟。但最近电镀线的亮镍槽却出现了毛刺,车圈表面的粗糙度明显增加,经过调整,已排除故障,恢复正常生产。 配方及操作条件硫酸镍 ３００～３５０ ｇ／Ｌ,氯化钠 １５～２０ ｇ／Ｌ,硼酸 ４０～４５ ｇ／Ｌ,糖精 ０． ８～１．２ ｇ／Ｌ,“８９１”光亮剂０．２～０．４ ｇ／Ｌ,十二烷基硫酸钠 ０．１～０．２ｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ值 ３、８～４．６,温度 ５０～５５℃,阴极电流密度 ３～５ Ａ／ｄｍ~２,搅拌方式阴极移动（２８～３２次／ｍｉｎ）,时间 ２…     

电镀规范对Fe－Ni－P合金硬度和耐磨性的影响

研究了不同电镀规范的Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金层显微硬度和摩擦学性能。镀液中Ｆｅ／（Ｆｅ＋Ｎｉ）浓度比增大或电流密度增加，镀层的硬度上升，耐磨性提高；粮液的ｐＨ值或温度增大，镀层的显微硬度下降，耐磨性降低。镀液ＮａＨ２ＰＯ２·Ｈ２Ｏ浓度为５ｇ／Ｌ时，镀层硬度和耐磨性最高。宜选用的工艺参数为ｐＰＨ值１．０～１．２，温度６０～７０℃，电流密度１０～２０Ａ／ｄｍ２。Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ－Ｐ非晶合金的耐磨性比Ｎｉ－Ｐ非晶合金高２倍，摩擦系数低２０％。     

镍－金刚石复合镀工艺

镍－金刚石复合镀工艺（攀枝花大学）工艺配方及条件ＮＩＳＯ４·６Ｈ２Ｏ２８０ｇ／ＬＮｉＣｌ２·７Ｈ２Ｏ６０ｇ／ＬＨ３ＢＯ３３５ｇ／Ｌ添加剂适量金刚石微粒（７～１０μｍ）４５ｇ／ＬｐＨ２．５～３．０电流密度２～３Ａ／ｄｍ２ｔ４０～５０℃电镀中有ＷＹＪ－３...     

以Ba云母为主晶相的可切削玻璃陶瓷

基于Ｂａ０．５Ｍｇ３（Ｓｉ３ＡｌＯ１０）Ｆ２－Ｍｇ２Ａ１４Ｓｉ５Ｏ１８－Ｃａ３（ＰＯ４）２系统，制备出了以含Ｂａ碱士云母为主晶相的可切削玻璃陶瓷，弯曲强度σｂ＝２２９ＭＰａ，断裂韧性Ｋｌｃ＝２．４８ＭＰ·ｍ１／２；钻孔速度大于７ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ．优良性能的获得借助于Ｂａ云母玻璃陶瓷可控的显微组织，即相互交错的云母体和“卷心菜”的组织特征．观察到了两类类型的断口形貌：云母晶体层内断的层状花样和沿（００１）晶面层间断的小刻面花样．     

镍铁合金电镀工艺

１引言 镍铁合金镀层含铁（２０％～４０％）,可节约部分镍,降低成本约３０％,镀层为蓝白色,结晶细致、有光泽,硬度为ＨＶ６００～６５０,耐腐蚀能力与镀镍相似。 本厂原镀镍件较多,为了降低成本,对电镀镍铁合金进行试验并取得成功,生产中使用单相全波整流电源,用电热棒加热,电接点式温度计和电子继电器控温,阳极为电解镍和工业纯铁板。２镀件组成和工作条件 硫酸镍 ８０ ｇ／Ｌ、氯化镍 ６０ ｇ／Ｌ、硫酸亚铁 ２０ ｇ／Ｌ、柠檬酸１０ ｍ／Ｌ、糖精 １ｇ／Ｌ、光亮剂（ＦＮ－８７１） ５ ｍ／Ｌ、温度 ５５～６５℃、电流密度…     

Loss and modal properties of Ag/AgI hollow glass waveguides

Hollow glass waveguides, composed of Ag/AgI coatings, have been studied at 10.6 μm. The losses for different bore sizes equal the theoretical loss, which for the 700 μm bore guide was about 0.15 dB/m. The losses for the guides increase upon bending, varying linearly with increasing curvature. These hollow guides propagate a single mode when the bore size of the guide is approximately 30λ. In addition, the best single-mode transmission is obtained when the thickness of the glass wall is large. These smaller bores, thick wall hollow guides, can also be used to filter higher order modes from poor quality input laser beams.     

Fabrication of hollow waveguides for CO2 lasers

Germanium-coated metal (silver, gold, and copper) hollow waveguides for CO(2) laser energy delivery have been fabricated by electron-beam evaporation and plating techniques in which an acid-soluble glass mandrel with small surface roughness was used. The transmission characteristics of Ge-coated metal hollow waveguides were studied. Ge-coated Ag hollow waveguides showed smaller loss, 0.2 dBm, for CO(2) laser light than Ge-coated Au and Cu waveguides. The transmission characteristics of Ge-coated Ag hollow waveguides were measured in relation to a core diameter and a bending radius.     

Synthesis,characterization, antibacterial and photocatalytic performance of Ag/AgI/TiO2 hollow sphere composites

Dispersed TiO₂ hollow spheres were successfully prepared which was obtained via Ostwald ripening under solvothermal conditions without any templates or surfactants. Then, the AgI/TiO₂ was synthesized by the deposition−precipitation process. Finally, Ag/AgI/TiO₂ was obtained by a photocatalytic reduction way. Their characteristics were analyzed by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, N₂ adsorption−desorption measurements and UV-vis absorption spectra. To demonstrate the potential applications of such composites, their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was studied by microcalorimetry for the first time, and their photocatalytic performance for degradation of different organic dyes under simulated UV and visible light was discussed. The results indicated that Ag/AgI/TiO₂ hollow spheres revealed elevated antibacterial and photocatalytic activity because of their unique morphology, hollow structure and high surface area. The mechanism of the excellent antibacterial and photocatalytic activity of Ag/AgI/TiO₂ hollow spheres are discussed which are attributed to the synergetic effect of Ag, AgI and TiO₂. It suggested that the new Ag/AgI/TiO₂ photocatalyst has broad application prospects in solar cell, sensor, antibacterial, catalysis and nanotechnology.     

Thickness and uniformity of fluorocarbon polymer film dynamically coated inside silver hollow glass waveguides

The variation in properties of a fluorocarbon polymer (FCP) film during a drying-curing process is investigated for fabricating FCP-coated silver (FCP/Ag) hollow glass waveguides. A dynamic liquid-phase coating procedure is used. Through the analyses of the loss spectra of hollow waveguides made in various conditions, a relationship between the thickness of the FCP film and the coating velocity is obtained. The optimum fabrication condition is also established for producing FCP/Ag hollow glass waveguides for the mid-IR.     

Processing and characterization of silver films used to fabricate hollow glass waveguides

Hollow glass waveguides are an increasingly popular fiber for the delivery of high-power IR laser radiation. At CO(2) laser wavelengths the measured and theoretical losses agree, but at the 3-microm Er:YAG laser wavelength the losses remain higher than expected. The reason for this is the surface roughness of the silver film used to form the first layer of the Ag/AgI thin-film structure. We found that the roughness of the silver film increases fivefold as silvering times increase from 5 to 80 min. This increased surface roughness produces a concomitant linear increase in the attenuation coefficient for the silver-only guides for wavelengths shorter than approximately 5 microm.     

AgI-coated silver-clad stainless steel hollow waveguides for infrared lightwave transmission and their applications

We fabricated silver iodide (AgI)-coated silver hollow waveguides to transmit a wide range of infrared (IR) light. Silver-clad stainless steel pipes were used as a supporting pipe. Since this type of metallic hollow waveguide has high mechanical strength and heat resistance, it is suitable as a rigid lightwave probe for various applications such as dental or medical laser treatment, IR spectroscopy, thermal radiometry, and laser processing. Considering these applications, we estimated the hollow waveguides with different thicknesses of the AgI layer. By optimizing the AgI layer thickness according to the wavelength of propagating light, we succeeded in efficiently transmitting Er-YAG and CO(2) laser light. We also studied the optical characteristics of a wide range of incoherent light for IR spectroscopy and radiometry applications using these metallic hollow waveguides as lightwave probes.     

High-peak-power, pulsed CO(2) laser light delivery by hollow glass waveguides

Flexible hollow glass waveguides with internal metallic and dielectric coatings have been used to deliver high-peak-power transversely excited atmosphere CO(2) laser energy. The straight guide loss is as low as 0.17 dB/m for 1000-mum-bore guides and 0.46 dB/m for 530-mum-bore guides propagating the HE(11) mode. The loss increases to 0.93 and 1.36 dB/m, respectively, when guides are bent to a radius of 0.25 m. The hollow glass waveguides have been used to deliver pulsed CO(2) laser energy successfully with a peak power of 0.7 MW and an energy of 350 mJ per pulse with a gas purge through the hollow core. The delivered average power is as high as 27 W. It is concluded that these waveguides are promising candidates for pulsed CO(2) laser delivery in medical and surgical applications.     

Cyclic olefin polymer-coated silver hollow glass waveguides for the infrared

Cyclic olefin polymer (COP) is newly used as the inner dielectric of infrared, hollow glass waveguides because of its low extinction coefficient in the mid-infrared region. A liquid-flow coating and dry-cure process are employed to form the COP layer on the inside of a silver-coated hollow glass tube. In the coating process, cyclohexane is chosen as the solvent of COP to form a smooth and uniform COP layer. It is shown that COP-coated silver hollow glass waveguides show low loss properties for CO(2), CO, and Er:YAG laser light when the thickness of the COP layer is properly chosen.     

A facile deposition of silver onto the inner surface of a glass capillary tube for micro-surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements

Silver can be deposited very efficiently onto glass substrates using only ethanolic solutions of AgNO3 and butylamine. This paper reports that the inner surface of a glass capillary can also be coated evenly with silver by shaking it after soaking in ethanolic solutions of AgNO3 and butylamine; the silver deposited outside the capillary can be easily wiped off with cotton wool before drying. The grain size of the silver deposited onto the inner surface can be readily controlled within the range from 20 to 100 nm by varying the relative molar ratio of butylamine and AgNO3 used as reactants. Due to its nanoaggregated structure, the Ag coated capillary is a very efficient surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate, particularly usable in the microanalysis of chemicals; the detection limit of adenine is as low as 1.0x10(-7) M based on a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3. Since the proposed method is cost-effective and is suitable for the mass production of Ag coated capillaries, we fully expect it to play a significant role in the development of SERS based microchip analyzers and even in the fabrication of Ag coated hollow glass waveguides.     

Gradually tapered hollow glass waveguides for the transmission of CO2 laser radiation

Hollow glass waveguides with bores tapered from 1000 to 500 microm and from 700 to 500 microm over a length of 2 m were coated with silver and silver iodide inner films. These waveguides were designed for low attenuation at the 10.6-microm CO2 laser wavelength. The straight losses, which were measured to be 0.8 and 1.6 dB/m, respectively, decreased when the guides were bent. A simple ray-trajectory model is presented to explain this unexpected behavior.