三螺杆挤出机端面二维流场混沌混合拉格朗日拟序结构分析

三螺杆挤出机是一种新型的聚合物流体加工设备,其独有的中心区呈现出几何结构和受力状态的周期性变化,混合机理非常复杂。区别于传统的线性混合分析,从拉格朗日体系的新视角对三螺杆挤出机混沌混合进行拉格朗日拟序结构分析,利用有限时间Lyapunov指数（FTLE）、拉格朗日拟序结构（LCS）,结合Poincaré截面和粒子可视化技术研究三螺杆挤出机二维流场的流体输运和混沌混合机理,讨论了中心区动态结构特性对FTLE和LCS分布的影响,并与单螺杆挤出机和双螺杆挤出机进行了对比分析。结果表明,LCS将三螺杆挤出机流域划分为近螺杆区、远螺杆区和中心区3个具有不同运动特性的区域,扭结是连接近螺杆区、远螺杆区和中心区物质交换的桥梁。随着混合时间的增加,扭结的弯曲和折叠程度逐渐增大,增强了3个区域的物质交换,强化了三螺杆流场的混沌混合。三螺杆挤出机啮合区附近存在3个双曲固定点,混合能力较好。Poincaré截面中椭圆周期点的出现说明在流域中心有非混沌区存在,因此三螺杆挤出机的中心区混合能力相对较弱。     

啮合同向三螺杆挤出机中三维等温流动的数值模拟

Three-dimensional isothermal flow of polymer melt in the kneading-disc element of an intermeshing co-rotating tri-screw extruder was simulated by using finite element package POLYFLOW. Based on the velocity fields calculated, flow patterns of the melt were analyzed, and particle trajectories were visualized. The numerical results indicated that, in intermeshing co-rotating tri-screw extruders, particles went through three intermeshing regions during one cycle around the screws, thus achieving better plasticating and mixing than intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruders. Flow in the central region was also studied by using particle tracking technique, and residence time distribution (RTD) and trajectories for particles in this region were presented. The simulation results showed that there was no stagnation in the central region. This study provided a clear insight into the flow mechanism of tri-screw extrusion. It also provided a new method for studies of flow mechanisms in other complicated mixers.     

三螺杆、双螺杆挤出机及其啮合块混合性能的比较

利用Polyflow聚合物流体分析软件,对三螺杆和双螺杆挤出机及不同参数啮合块的流道模型进行了等温数值模拟。经过统计后处理,引入加权平均剪切速率和剪切应力、回流系数等评价指标,深入分析了流场的混合行为。同时对倒三角形三螺杆挤出机和双螺杆挤出机的混合能力进行了对比,以此对三螺杆和双螺杆挤出机混合性能的优劣性加以探讨。     

振动力场作用下三螺杆挤出机计量段中聚合物挤出的模拟

建立了同向旋转三螺杆挤出机计量段实际流道真实尺寸的三维非牛顿模型，利用ANSYS软件中的FLOTRAN CFD分析功能对该流场进行数值模拟，分析了振动力场作用下挤出机计量段内的黏度分布、压力分布、速度分布以及振幅对流量的影响，同时与无振动状态的挤出特性进行了比较。研究结果表明：振动力场的引入使熔体黏度和流量呈周期性变化，熔体黏度降低，螺棱两侧压差随振幅增大而增大，剪切作用增强，分散性混合能力和分布性混合能力提高。     

Numerical Simulation of Extrusion Characteristics for Co-rotating Tri-Screw Extruder

The flow of polyethylene melt in new tri-screw extruder was simulated using the finite element method (FEM). A special study of flow in central region was performed by analysis of the velocity, pressure, and resident time distribution (RTD). The extrusion characteristics of tri-screw extruder, namely the abilities of material conveying, mixing, and power consumption, were compared with those of twin screw extruder. The results showed that there was circumfluence in central region but no stagnation in it. Tri-screw extruder had better operative abilities and high productivity ratio than twin screw extruder in the aspect of material conveying and mixing.     

LDPE熔体在双螺杆挤出机中流动的有限元分析

利用大型有限元分析软件包ANSYS分析了低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)在双螺杆挤出机三头常规螺纹元件中的流动情况,讨论了整个流道的速度分布、压力分布、粘度分布及螺杆挤出特性曲线。计算结果表明：LDPE熔体在双螺杆挤出机中得到了充分的混合。     

第九届亚太国际塑料橡胶工业展览会特别报道

介绍并评述了第九届亚太国际塑料橡胶工业展览会展示的部分新材料、新技术、新产品、新设备，包括9层吹塑薄膜、精密微型挤出、三螺杆混炼挤出机、异向混炼型双螺杆挤出机和木塑复合材料等，以供业界人士参考。     

Mixing in reactive extrusion of low-density polyethylene melts: Linear vs. branched

The melt flows of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and branched low-density polyethylene (LDPE) have been compared in a fully intermeshing co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The polyethylene melts were selected in order to investigate the effects of the melt rheology on the mixing. Their shear vicosity curves are quite similar, but the LDPE has a markedly higher apparent extensional viscosity over a wide range of stretch rates. The stagger of the paddles in the mixing zone of the extruder creates axial pressure-driven axial flow can have significant extensional strain components. Residence time distributions obtained in the melt zones of the extruder with tracer dye reveal that the LDPE has a narrower residence time distribution than the LLDPE over a wide range of operating conditions. The axial dispersion for the LDPE is significantly lower than the axial dispersion for the LLDPE. This is attributed to the greater extensional viscosity of the LDPE. During the reactive extrusion process, solid maleic anhydride and polyethylene were added at the feed port but the peroxide provides better control of the crosslinking reaction. Residence time distributions measured for the chemically more reactive LLDPE melt indicate reduced levels of axial mixing with reaction. The reduction in mixing is due to a crosslinking reaction that occurs in parallel to the grafting reaction. This change in mixing is smaller than the difference in mixing between LDPE and LLDPE.     

三螺杆动态混炼挤出HDPE/Mg(OH)_2复合材料拉伸性能

通过改变加工工艺改善Mg(OH)_2在HDPE中的分散性,先用双螺杆塑化挤出机混合造粒,再采用三螺杆动态混炼挤出机挤出造粒,对不同振动参数(振幅、频率)下制取的含不同质量分数Mg(OH)_2的HDPE/Mg(OH)_2复合材料进行研究,研究结果表明:三螺杆动态混炼挤出机有利于提高Mg(OH)_2在复合材料中的分散性,从而提高复合材料的拉伸性能.Mg(OH)_2质量分数分别为10%、20%、30%的复合材料的拉伸强度最大值分别为25.9、26.8、27.3 MPa.     

聚丙烯接枝改性及其挤出发泡研究

采用过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）为引发剂，苯乙烯（St）为助引发剂，双螺杆挤出机为反应器，使甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）接技到聚丙烯（PP）链上。通过FT-IR等测试方法对接枝PP的结构和性能进行了研究，结果表明在1727cm^-1处有较为明显的羰基吸收峰；抗熔垂能力的测定表明，接枝反应有效地改善了PP的熔体强度，从而得到适于挤出发泡的聚丙烯接枝改性优化配方：PP100份、GMA8份、DCP0．06份、St3．5份。     

浅析三螺杆挤出机的混合作用

介绍了新研制开发的三螺杆挤出机,并从倒品字形排布的三螺杆所构成的三个啮合区及由此形成的复杂的料流流动,粗浅分析了其混合作用。     

PP-R双螺杆挤出熔体输送和降解行为的研究

对无规共聚聚丙烯(PP-R)在ZSK-300型双螺杆挤出机中熔体输送特性和热降解行为进行了研究,计算了ZSK-300的最大挤出量．分析了熔体输送流场;并对加料量、熔体流动指数、助剂量、熔体温度等工艺操作条件对熔体输送和降解行为的影响进行了讨论。结果表明,加料量的改变需要适当调整加热温度：粉料熔体流动指数的微小波动,对挤出物的质量和挤出过程的稳定性没有影响;降低熔体挤出温度,可明显降低PP-R的热氧降解。     

三螺杆挤出机常规螺纹元件挤出过程的CAE研究

利用ANSYS软件分析了三螺杆挤出机常规螺纹元件中等温非牛顿流体的压力场、速度场和粘度场，并和双螺杆挤出机常规螺纹元件进行了比较，尤其对流道中心区进行了重点研究。结果表明，三螺杆挤出机的混合性能好于双螺杆挤出机；中心区的物料压力梯度和速度梯度都较小，物料在中心区流动缓慢，中心区的物料粘度值较大；对反应时间不宜过长的聚合物，应避免使用三螺杆挤出机。     

LTS型、TTS型三螺杆挤出机与双螺杆挤出机的比较

从机械设计角度,对石家庄德倍隆科技有限公司生产的LTS型、TTS型三螺杆挤出机与双螺杆挤出机进行了比较。指出LTS和TTS型三螺杆挤出机操作范围更宽,混炼能力更强,能够降低能耗,能满足新材料对混合效果不断提高的要求。     

三螺杆挤出机熔体输送能力的评价

通过三螺杆挤出机模拟机对熔体替代料进行挤出实验,对三角形排列三螺杆挤出机、“一字型”排列三螺杆挤出机及双螺杆挤出机的熔体输送能力进行了系统评价。利用无量纲参数评价体系与传统评价方法,通过控制挤出过程螺杆转速和产量,对三类挤出机的熔体输送段建压能力及挤出能耗水平进行研究,并研究工艺参数对熔体输送能力的影响。实验表明,三角形排列三螺杆挤出机熔体输送能力及能耗水平优于其他类型挤出机,且无量纲参数评价体系具有很高的可靠性和更广泛的适用性,可用于挤出加工设备的选择。     

超高MFR聚丙烯纺丝专用料研制

研究了以一般分子量聚丙烯树脂为基础树脂、采用化学降解法制取的纺丝级超高MFR聚丙烯树脂。用双螺杆挤出机 ,以有机过氧化物为降解剂控制降解制取的树脂MFR可达 40 0 g/10min ,适用于高速纺超细旦纤维及熔喷法非织造布领域     

三元尼龙/蒙脱土纳米复合材料制备及表征

将自制有机蒙脱土与三元尼龙通过双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出插层复合，制得了剥落型纳米复合材料。通过透射电子显微镜、差示扫描量热分析等手段对复合材料的亚微观结构、热性能和流动性能进行了测试。结果表明，蒙脱土晶层均匀地分散于基体中，平均厚度约10nm；三元尼龙/蒙脱土纳米复合材料较三元尼龙的流动性能降低，熔点有所升高。蒙脱土的加入改善了基体的结晶性能，蒙脱土晶层起到成核剂的作用。     

发泡用高熔体强度聚丙烯的研究

以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,在同向双螺杆挤出机上对聚丙烯(PP)进行硅烷交联,制备了高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP),然后制得高发泡倍率的PP制品.实验对改性PP的熔体强度、力学性能、热性能和发泡性能进行了表征.结果表明:自制HMSPP的熔体强度是纯PP的5.01倍,力学性能和耐热性与纯PP相比均有较大提高,可用于成型高发泡倍率制品.     

啮合异向双螺杆挤出过程轴向循环流道三维流场分析——轴向循环流场分析(Ⅲ)

介绍了作者在啮合异向双螺杆某一轴向位置设置一非啮合段 (且该段其中一根螺杆是反向输送元件 ) ,从而将轴向循环流动的概念引入到啮合异向双螺杆挤出过程中 ,并利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对啮合异向双螺杆挤出过程轴向循环流道中的非牛顿流体等温流动进行的三维模拟分析 ;在得出速度场和压力场的基础上 ,对剪切速率、剪切应力及剪切粘度进行了模拟 ,并将各模拟结果与未引入轴向循环段的啮合异向双螺杆挤出过程常规螺纹元件流道的模拟结果进行了比较。     

The modeling of continuous mixers. Part I: The corotating twin-screw extruder

In many operations in polymer processing, such as polymer blending, devolatilization, or incorporation of fillers in a polymeric matrix, continuous mixers are used; e.g., corotating twin-screw extruders (ZSK), Buss Cokneaders and Farrel Continuous Mixers. Theoretical analysis of these machines tends to emphasize the flow in complex geometries rather than generate results that can be directly used (1–5). In this paper, a simple model is developed for the hot melt closely intermeshing corotating twin-screw extruder, analogous to the analysis of the single-screw extruder carried out in 1922 and 1928 (6, 7). With this model, and more specifically with its extension to the complete nonisothermal, non-Newtonian situation, it is possible to understand the extrusion process and to calculate the energy, specific energy, and temperature rise during the process with respect not only to the viscosity of the melt, but also to the screw geometry (location and number of transport elements, kneading sections and blisters, pitch, positive or negative, screw clearance, and flight width) and screw speed. To support the theoretical analysis, model experiments with a Plexiglas-walled twin-screw extruder were performed, in addition to practical experiments with melts on small- and large-scale extruders, with very reasonable results, In Part 2, the Buss Cokneader will be analyzed analogously.