考虑运输时间的绿色作业车间调度问题研究

针对制造车间能量消耗大、利用率低的现状,以作业车间为研究对象,建立了一种AGV (automated guided vehicle)运输与加工资源集成调度的模型。首先,通过考虑机器间利用AGV运输工件所需的时间与对应的能耗构建了车间总能耗和完工时间的多目标优化模型,并设置权重系数来调节优化目标的偏好。其次,提出了一种融入模拟退火搜索策略的分布估计算法对模型进行求解。该算法主要是利用分布估计算法全局搜索能力快和模拟退火算法突跳性强的特点构建的一种新的混合算法。同时设计新的退火函数来进一步提高算法深度搜索能力。最后,通过实例验证所提算法的可行性和模型节能的有效性。     

求解约束优化问题的退火遗传算法

针对基于罚函数遗传算法求解实际约束优化问题的困难与缺点,提出了求解约束优化问题的退火遗传算法。对种群中的个体定义了不可行度,并设计退火遗传选择操作。算法分三阶段进行,首先用退火算法搜索产生初始种群体,随后利用遗传算法使搜索逐渐收敛于可行的全局最优解或较优解,最后用退火优化算法对解进行局部优化。两个典型的仿真例子计算结果证明该算法能极大地提高计算稳定性和精度。     

多级分销网络设计及库存控制整合优化模型

从供应链集成的角度出发,基于多目标规划,根据排队论探讨了随机性需求下多级分销网络设计与库存控制的整合优化问题,提出了多级分销网络设计和库存控制整合优化的多目标规划模型.针对遗传算法收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优等缺点,采用了基于并列选择法的遗传-模拟退火算法混合优化策略.实验证明,模拟退火算法提高了遗传算法的全局搜索能力,改善了遗传算法的求解性能.     

基于退火遗传算法的四阶带通箱设计

四阶带通式扬声器系统对扬声器单元参数和箱体参数的配合要求较高，设计复杂。文章中将模拟退火算法和遗传算法相结合，提出了运用具有全局搜索能力的模拟退火遗传算法(SAGA)来设计四阶带通扬声器系统的方法，该算法避免了单一遗传算法存在的早熟收敛和搜索效率较低等问题，提高了算法的收敛速度。文章中考虑了声导管泄漏损耗的影响，并提出了泄漏损耗的QL值的实际测定方法。测量结果表明理论曲线与实测曲线相吻合，说明模拟退火遗传算法能达到设计要求。     

求解VRP问题的混沌模拟退火萤火虫算法

目的使萤火虫优化算法(GSO)能够适用于车辆路径问题(VRP)的求解,同时提高该算法的求解性能。方法通过对GSO算法的改进,提出求解VRP问题的混沌模拟退火萤火虫优化算法(CSAGSO)。首先,设计改进的GSO算法(IGSO)使IGSO算法能够适应VRP问题的求解;其次,在IGSO算法中引入模拟退火机制,提出模拟退火萤火虫优化算法(SAGSO),使IGSO算法可有效避免陷入局部极小并最终趋于全局最优。然后,在SAGSO算法中引入混沌机制,提出CSAGSO算法,对SAGSO算法的荧光素浓度值进行混沌初始化和混沌扰动;最后,对标准算例集进行仿真测试。结果与遗传算法、蚁群算法和粒子群算法相比,CSAGSO算法的全局寻优能力、收敛速度及稳定性均改善了50%以上。结论对GSO算法的改进是合理的,且CSAGSO算法的全局优化能力、收敛速度和稳定性均优于遗传算法、蚁群算法和粒子群算法。     

Design of high-performing hybrid meta-heuristics for unrelated parallel machine scheduling with machine eligibility and precedence constraints

This study involves an unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem in which sequence-dependent set-up times, different release dates, machine eligibility and precedence constraints are considered to minimize total late works. A new mixed-integer programming model is presented and two efficient hybrid meta-heuristics, genetic algorithm and ant colony optimization, combined with the acceptance strategy of the simulated annealing algorithm (Metropolis acceptance rule), are proposed to solve this problem. Manifestly, the precedence constraints greatly increase the complexity of the scheduling problem to generate feasible solutions, especially in a parallel machine environment. In this research, a new corrective algorithm is proposed to obtain the feasibility in all stages of the algorithms. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated in numerical examples. The results indicate that the suggested hybrid ant colony optimization statistically outperformed the proposed hybrid genetic algorithm in solving large-size test problems.     

退火-遗传算法寻优及其实现

分析了遗传算法及退火算法的优缺点,提出用退火算法改进遗传算法局部的最优值搜索效率低问题。退火算法与遗传算法融合后,使算法在寻优结果上更加迅速精确。通过水泥的配比工程实例,与单纯的遗传算法的结果进行对比,说明该方法是有效的。     

Production scheduling optimization algorithm for the hot rolling processes

The hot rolling production scheduling problem is an extremely difficult and time-consuming process, so it is quite difficult to achieve an optimal solution with traditional optimization methods owing to the high computational complexity. To ensure the feasibility of solutions and improve the efficiency of the scheduling, this paper proposes a vehicle routing problem (VRP) to model the problem and develops an easily implemented hybrid approach (QPSO-SA) to solve the problem. In the hybrid approach, quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) combines local search and global search to search the optimal results and simulated annealing (SA) employs certain probability to avoid getting into a local optimum. The computational results from actual production data have shown that the proposed model and algorithm are feasible and effective for the hot rolling scheduling problem.     

Coupling ant colony optimization and the extended great deluge algorithm for the discrete facility layout problem

This article uses a hybrid optimization approach to solve the discrete facility layout problem (FLP), modelled as a quadratic assignment problem (QAP). The idea of this approach design is inspired by the ant colony meta-heuristic optimization method, combined with the extended great deluge (EGD) local search technique. Comparative computational experiments are carried out on benchmarks taken from the QAP-library and from real life problems. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared to construction and improvement heuristics such as H63, HC63-66, CRAFT and Bubble Search, as well as other existing meta-heuristics developed in the literature based on simulated annealing (SA), tabu search and genetic algorithms (GAs). This algorithm is compared also to other ant colony implementations for QAP. The experimental results show that the proposed ant colony optimization/extended great deluge (ACO/EGD) performs significantly better than the existing construction and improvement algorithms. The experimental results indicate also that the ACO/EGD heuristic methodology offers advantages over other algorithms based on meta-heuristics in terms of solution quality.     

A Genetic Algorithm Hybrid for Constructing Optimal Response Surface Designs

Hybrid heuristic optimization methods can discover efficient experiment designs in situations where traditional designs cannot be applied, exchange methods are ineffective, and simple heuristics like simulated annealing fail to find good solutions. One such heuristic hybrid is GASA (genetic algorithm–simulated annealing), developed to take advantage of the exploratory power of the genetic algorithm, while utilizing the local optimum exploitive properties of simulated annealing. The successful application of this method is demonstrated in a difficult design problem with multiple optimization criteria in an irregularly shaped design region. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An urban transportation problem solved by parallel programming with hyper-heuristics

An innovative optimization strategy by means of hyper-heuristics is proposed. It consists of a parallel combination of three metaheuristics. In view of the need both to escape from local optima and to achieve high diversity, the algorithm cooperatively combines simulated annealing with genetic algorithms and ant colony optimization. A location routing problem (LRP), which aims at the design of transport networks, was adopted for the performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm. Information exchanges took place effectively between the metaheuristics and speeded up the search process. Moreover, the parallel implementation was useful since it allowed several metaheuristics to run simultaneously, thus achieving a significant reduction in the computational time. The algorithmic efficiency and effectiveness were ratified for a medium-sized city. The proposed optimization algorithm not only accelerated computations, but also helped to improve solution quality.     

Genetic local search algorithm for optimization design of diffractive optical elements

We propose a genetic local search algorithm (GLSA) for the optimization design of diffractive optical elements (DOE's). This hybrid algorithm incorporates advantages of both genetic algorithm (GA) and local search techniques. It appears better able to locate the global minimum compared with a canonical GA. Sample cases investigated here include the optimization design of binary-phase Dammann gratings, continuous surface-relief grating array generators, and a uniform top-hat focal plane intensity profile generator. Two GLSA's whose incorporated local search techniques are the hill-climbing method and the simulated annealing algorithm are investigated. Numerical experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is highly efficient and robust. DOE's that have high diffraction efficiency and excellent uniformity can be achieved by use of the algorithm we propose.     

有限元法和退火进化算法相结合分析结构模糊可靠性

结构的失效除了具有随机性，还应具有模糊性。本文在介绍一种修正的联合概率密度函数的基础上，采用有限元法和退火进化算法相结合来研究结构的模糊可靠度。在每一模糊失效水平下，有限元法用来计算荷载效应项，并将荷载效应项代入原联合概率密度函数形成修正的联合概率密度函数。为了解决进化算法的早熟收敛问题，采用模拟退火算法与进化算法相结合，以保证更有效地搜索到最可能失效点(设计点)。解决不存在显式极限状态方程的大部分实际结构的可靠度研究的困难。数例结果表明该法可直接应用现有的确定性的有限元程序，并且具有很好的效率和精度。     

Mathematical model and metaheuristics for simultaneous balancing and sequencing of a robotic mixed-model assembly line

This article presents the first method to simultaneously balance and sequence robotic mixed-model assembly lines (RMALB/S), which involves three sub-problems: task assignment, model sequencing and robot allocation. A new mixed-integer programming model is developed to minimize makespan and, using CPLEX solver, small-size problems are solved for optimality. Two metaheuristics, the restarted simulated annealing algorithm and co-evolutionary algorithm, are developed and improved to address this NP-hard problem. The restarted simulated annealing method replaces the current temperature with a new temperature to restart the search process. The co-evolutionary method uses a restart mechanism to generate a new population by modifying several vectors simultaneously. The proposed algorithms are tested on a set of benchmark problems and compared with five other high-performing metaheuristics. The proposed algorithms outperform their original editions and the benchmarked methods. The proposed algorithms are able to solve the balancing and sequencing problem of a robotic mixed-model assembly line effectively and efficiently.     

基于遗传模拟退火算法的空袭兵力分配及优化

对遗传模拟退火算法中的交叉、变异操作进行了改进，并实施了最优保留策略，形成了改进遗传模拟退火算法．以突击效果最大化和兵力损失最小化为目标函数，以空袭兵力总量的限制、空袭兵器挂载类型的限制等为约束条件，建立了空袭兵力分配及优化模型．在考虑兵力分配模型特点的基础上，利用改进遗传模拟退火算法求解．通过与多目标数学规划和标准遗传算法优化进行的比较表明，该方法能够有效地解决带约束的多目标优化问题．     

考虑装载顺序约束的航空货物装箱问题研究

目的 以航空货运背景下流水线上货物的装箱问题为研究对象,旨在最大化地利用集装箱装载空间.方法 在考虑货物装载顺序、质量、体积、不重叠、稳定性等一系列现实约束的条件下,建立集装箱堆码模型,设计一种拟人启发式与遗传相结合的组合启发式算法.首先通过设定规则并赋予权重,得到有序可放置点集合,采用拟人启发式算法构建货物装载策略,得到初始装箱方案;然后通过遗传算法中的交叉、变异操作对方案进行寻优,在可行方案中选出集装箱空间利用率最大的装箱方案;最后采用某机场物流公司的实际货物数据进行实验,并实现装载方案的可视化.结果 相较于混合模拟退火算法,组合启发式算法收敛性好,搜索速度快,能够在较短的时间内得到空间利用率较高的装载方案,货物垛形规划更为紧凑,稳定性更高.结论 所提算法对于不同种类的货物有着更好的适应性,能够实现强异构货物的合理布局,保证了货物装载过程中垛形的稳定性,可为航空货物装箱问题的工程应用提供参考.     

共享策略下甩挂车辆调度问题的分析及求解

目的为了克服现阶段下甩挂货运过程中存在的空载率高、牵引车利用率低等问题,从服务点间的货运关系出发,对货运单循环系统中共享策略下甩挂车辆调度问题进行设计研究。方法以牵引车行驶总里程为目标函数,构建共享策略下甩挂车辆调度模型,并基于模拟退火算法对其进行优化求解。结果以山东省的2家小型运输企业为案例进行了仿真分析,与普通车辆调度模式分析比较可知,共享策略下调度模式的空载率、单位货运成本、单位货运油耗、牵引车利用率分别优化了79.6%,50%,22.6%,171.4%。结论文中构建的共享策略下甩挂车辆调度模型及其求解算法可行有效,在减少空载行程、提高燃油利用率等方面具有良好的效果。     

MULTIOBJECTIVE DESIGN OF A MARINE VEHICLE WITH AID OF DESIGN KNOWLEDGE

To generate the Pareto optimal set efficiently in multiobjective optimization, a hybrid optimizer is developed by coupling the genetic algorithm and the direct search method. This method determines a candidate region around the global optimum point by using the genetic algorithm, then searches the global optimum point by the direct search method concentrating in this region, thus reducing calculation time and increasing search efficiency. Although the hybrid optimizer provides cost-effectiveness, the design optimization process involves a number of tasks which require human expertise and experience. Therefore, methods of optimization and associated programs have been used mostly by experts in the real design world. Hence, this hybrid optimizer incorporates a knowledge-based system with heuristic and analytic knowledge, thereby narrowing the feasible space of the objective function. Some domain knowledge is retrieved from database and design experts. The obtained knowledge is stored in the knowledge base. The results of this paper, through application to marine vehicle design with multiobjective optimization, show that the hybrid optimizer with aid of design knowledge can be a useful tool for multiobjective optimum design. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进遗传算法的水轮发电机振动荷载参数识别

根据水轮发电机现场振动测试实验数据,采用改进的遗传算法研究了水轮发电机运行过程中振动荷载反演问题。与传统的参数反演方法相比,遗传算法并不是基于对目标函数梯度方向搜索,而是在解的整个区域随机搜索.将遗传算法与模拟退火算法相结合,提高了种群在进化过程中个体多样性,可以有效地防止简单遗传算法早熟问题。同时,将遗传算法与梯度优化方法相结合,使得混合型遗传算法有效地解决了梯度算法局部极小问题和简单遗传算法的收敛速度慢问题。工程实际应用表明,采用本文所建立改进遗传算法所反演的水轮发电机振动荷载参数,预报其它振动观测点的位移具有较高的预报精度。     

基于整体退火遗传算法的膜系设计方法

提出了以遗传算法和模拟退火算法相结合的整体退火遗传算法（ＧＡＳＡ）进行膜系设计的新方法。整体退火遗传算法具有全局寻优能力,与作为现代光学薄膜自动设计的主要方法－针法相比,在相同薄膜层数情况下用该方法设计可以得到较优的结果,或者用更少的薄膜层数达到同样的设计结果。并且对初始条件不敏感,可以确定膜层厚度边界,以确保制备方便。理论与实例表明该方法是高效的和可靠的。