Effects of Compatibilizers on Morphology and Properties of Polyoxymethylene/Polypropylene Blends

The effects of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride compatibilizer on the mechanical thermal and morphological properties of polyoxymethylene/polypropylene blends were investigated. Polyoxymethylene/polypropylene blends with and without polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride compatibilizer were prepared by an internal mixer. The morphology of polyoxymethylene/polypropylene blends clearly demonstrated a two-phase separation of dispersed phase and the matrix phase and the addition of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride changed the morphological characteristics of blends. Polyoxymethylene/polypropylene blends showed the decrease of mechanical properties with increasing of polypropylene content. The addition of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride improved Young’s modulus and storage modulus of polyoxymethylene/polypropylene blends. The incorporation of polypropylene improved the degradation temperature of polyoxymethylene.     

PP／废旧橡胶／SBS复合材料的制备和力学性能研究

通过磨盘型力化学反应器制备PP/废旧橡胶(WTR)复合粉体，然后与SKS共混制备PP/WTR/SBS复合材料。研究了材料的力学性能、微观结构和共混物的加工性质。结果表明：当SBS添加量在20％～25％时，PP/WTR/SBS复合材料的力学性能较PP/WTR有了很大的提高，当SBS用量为25％时，断裂伸长率提高了365％，冲击强度提高了73．2％，而体系的拉伸强度基本不变。复合材料冲击断面的形貌和复合体系流变性能研究结果表明：磨盘碾磨可有效改善各组分间的混合性能，提高相容性并有效改善材料的加工性能。     

聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐增容聚酰胺6／聚丙烯体系吸湿性能及力学性能的研究

以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为相容剂，利用其与聚酰胺6(PA6)在共混过程中的反应增容作用，实现了与聚丙烯(PP)之间的相容性共混，改变其用量，制备了系列具有不同组成的PA6／PP合金，研究了不同组成合金材料的吸湿性能及其在干态和充分吸湿状态时的冲击强度和拉伸性能。结果表明，向PA6／PP合金体系中加入相容剂PP-g-MAH后，可以改善合金的相界面，形成相容性的合金结构，明显降低合金材料的吸湿量及吸湿速率，但进一步增大相容剂PP-g-MAH的用量时，只能明显降低合金材料吸湿过程初期的吸湿速率，不能进一步显著降低合金材料的吸湿量。在相容剂PP-g-MAH用量一定时，随着PA6／PP合金体系中PA6组分含量的提高，合金在干、湿态条件下的冲击强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率均呈近似线性变化。对于具有相同基本组成的合金，随着相容剂PP-g-MAFI用量的增加，材料在干、湿态条件下的拉伸强度均有提高，杨氏模量则在干态时有所提高，在湿态时影响不显著，在干、湿态时断裂伸长率以及冲击强度均没有产生显著影响。     

Effect of PE-g-MA-Compatibilizer on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of 70/30 HDPE/ENR Blends

The effects of PE-g-MA as a compatibilizer in binary blends of 70/30 high-density polyethylene/epoxidized natural rubber (HDPE/ENR) have been investigated by means of mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The special emphasis was given to the role of PE-g-MA in inducing interactions between HDPE and ENR. It has been observed that increasing the amount of PE-g-MA in the blend increases the tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength. It is believed that the degree of cross-link increased, which led to improve the interaction between the HDPE and ENR. The optimum stress values are shown in the blend containing 6% PE-g-MA. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the samples also indicated that the addition of compatibilizer decreases the domain size of the dispersed phase. Well-dispersed plastic particles in a rubber matrix were strongly indicated in these samples. The results obtained reveal that the addition of PE-g-MA in HDPE/ENR blend led to an increase in the homogeneity of the blends.     

聚乙烯／废轮胎胶粉共混体系力学性能的研究

利用废轮胎胶粉(WTRP)填充改性聚乙烯(PE),研究了 PE/WTRP 共混体系的力学性能。结果表明,采用简单共混方法,加入 WTRP 使共混体系的拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度均明显下降;对 WTRP 表面进行合适程度的活化,添加0.1份(质量份数,下同)过氧化二异丙苯使共混体系界面间形成微交联结构,添加5份增容剂硅烷偶联剂A171接枝高密度聚乙烯对体系进行改性后能明显提高共混体系的力学性能。共混体系的拉伸强度从简单共混物的14.4 MPa 上升至20.7 MPa,缺口冲击强度从14.8 kJ/m~2上升至39.6 kJ/m~2;通过测定胶粉的凝胶含量表征了胶粉的表面相对活化度。     

PP-g-MAH对PP/PA6共混物的增容作用

采用熔融接枝法,考察了单体和引发剂用量对聚丙烯(PP)/马来酸酐(MAH)接枝物接枝率的影响。将PP-g-MAH作为PP/尼龙6(PA6)共混物的增容剂,并利用SEM、XRD、DSC-TGA和万能试验机等测试手段对PP-g-MAH增容改性PP/PA6共混体系进行了研究。结果表明,PP-g-MAH接枝物对PP/PA6共混物具有良好的增容效果,PP结晶得到细化,共混物的力学性能和耐高温性能得到改善。     

Properties of Bloodmeal/Linear Low‐density Polyethylene Blends Compatibilized with Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polyethylene

Novatein thermoplastics from bloodmeal (NTP) were blended with linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) using maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE‐g‐MAH) as compatibilizer. The compatibilizing effect on mechanical, morphology, thermal properties, and water absorption were studied and compared with blends without compatibilizer. The amount of polyethylene added was varied between 20 and 70% in NTP with addition of 10% compatibilizer. An improvement in compatibility between NTP and LLDPE was observed across the entire composition range and the difference were more pronounced at higher NTP contents where the tensile strength of blends was maintained and never dropped below that of pure NTP. Theoretical models were compared to the results to describe mechanical properties. A finely dispersed small particles of NTP in compatibilized blends were observed using SEM. Improved compatibility has restricted chain movement resulting in slightly elevated T_g revealed by DMA. On the other hand, water absorption of the hydrophilic NTP has been decreased when blending with hydrophobic LLDPE. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1890–1897, 2013     

Effect of Waste Tire Dust (WTD) Size on the Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polypropylene/Waste Tire Dust (PP/WTD) Blends

Waste tire dust (WTD) of mechanically reclaimed scrap tires was blended with polypropylene (PP) in five different compositions to prepare PP/WTD blends. Three series of blends with three different sizes of WTD (250–500 µm, 500–710 µm, and 710 µm–1 mm) were prepared in a Haake Rheomix Polydrive R 600/610 at a temperature of 180°C and a rotor speed of 50 rpm for 9 min. The results show that at the same blending composition, the PP/WTD blends with fine WTD size require higher equilibrium torque and exhibit higher values of tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break (E_b) than that of blends with coarser WTD size. The swelling index of the PP/WTD blends reveals that the blends with fine WTD size have better swelling resistance in both oil and toluene than all blends with coarser WTD. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation indicates that the PP/WTD blends with the finest WTD size exhibit better PP/WTD adhesion than blends with coarse WTD sizes.     

废旧轮胎橡胶粉对水泥胶砂力学性能的影响

本文研究了废旧橡胶粉的粒径(20目、80目、120目)、掺量(2％、4％、6％、8％、10％)对水泥砂浆抗压强度、抗折强度的影响,通过对3d、7d、14 d、21 d、28 d抗压强度、抗折强度的对比,结果显示:当橡胶粒径相同时,橡胶粉掺量与水泥砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度成反比;在橡胶粉掺量相同的条件下,橡胶粉粒径越小,则抗压强度及抗折强度下降越大.     

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Maleic Anhydride Compatibilized Polypropylene/Organo-Vermiculite Nanocomposites

Polypropylene/Maleic anhydride compatibilized polypropylene (MPP)/Organo-Vermiculite nanocomposites with different clay loadings were prepared via melt mixing using a twin screw extruder. The vermiculite (VMT) was pre-modified with Maleic anhydride (MA) by ball milling. The mechanism of VMT modification by MA was discussed. The resultant PP/MPP/OVMT nanocomposites possess an intercalated or exfoliated structure as confirmed by both wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical property tests show that the tensile strength, flexural strength of these nanocomposites increase dramatically with the OVMT loading; the fracture toughness remain almost unchanged, and the Charpy impact strength decrease slightly.     

同向双螺杆熔体输送段捏合盘错列角对不相容体系共混物相态结构的影响

对啮合同向双螺杆挤出机,将捏合盘置于熔体输送段,通过改变捏合盘错列角,研究双螺杆挤出过程熔体输送段捏合盘错列角对不相容体系共混物相态结构的影响。应用差示扫描量热仪对两相共混体系HDPE/PS的热性能进行了实验研究,结果表明:螺杆构型对共混物的相容性影响不大。同时采用扫描电子显微镜考察了HDPE/PS共混物在熔体输送段末端位置和机头末端所取试样的相态结构,研究表明:置于熔体输送段捏合盘元件错列角对共混物分散相的相畴尺寸有一定影响。     

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of iPP/Silica Composites Modified with (Styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) Grafted with Maleic Anhydride

The effects of different silica grades and elastomer content on interfacial properties, morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene/silica 96/4 composites modified with added 5, 10, 15, and 20% of poly(styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene) grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA) were investigated. The iPP/silica/SEBS-g-MA composites were designed by adding four silica fillers differing in size (nano- vs. micro-) and in surface properties (hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic) and SEBS-g-MA that was used as a proven effective impact modifier and compatibilizer simultaneously. The morphology of every composite was a spectrum of several morphologies rather than one exclusive morphology. Good concordance between observed and predicted morphology indicated that the morphology of a particular composite was controlled primarily by interfacial properties. Tensile and impact properties were influenced primarily by competitive effects of a stiff filler and tough SEBS-g-MA elastomer. Increased impact strength and strain at break caused by adding SEBS-g-MA indicated a significant overcoming of the elastomeric toughening effect in relation to the filler’s stiffening effect.     

高剪切应力对ABS/NBR共混物力学性能的影响

研究了较高螺杆转速条件下双螺杆挤出机的机械剪切应力和挤出温度对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物/丁腈橡胶（ABS/NBR）共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力可促进NBR颗粒的分散,提高界面结合力,提高共混物的力学性能。在220 ℃的挤出温度下,当螺杆转速由240 r/min提高至1200 r/min时,ABS/NBR（90/10）共混物的缺口冲击强度由22.1 kJ/m2提高至28.8 kJ/m2,,提高了30 %。双螺杆挤出机的熔融挤出温度对ABS/NBR共混物力学性能的影响存在最佳值。     

Properties of Polypropylene/Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Thermostimulative Shape Memory Blends Reactively Compatibilized by Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polyethylene-Octene Elastomer

PP/PET thermostimulative shape memory blends at composition 90/10, which used POE-g-MAH as a reactive compatibilizer, were prepared by melting extrusion. The results of SEM, POM, DSC, mechanical property, shape memory property, and melt rheological behavior showed that addition of POE-g-MAH improved compatibility between PP and PET, increased interaction between the two phases, and reduced size of the dispersive PET phase and crystallization ability of PP. Moderate POE-g-MAH could enhanced the shape memory property of the blends, meanwhile improved the mechanical properties and the processing performance. When concentration of POE-g-MAH was 5–7 phr, the blends had a better comprehensive performance.     

废旧胶粉/聚丙烯共混物的制备及性能研究

熔融接枝法制得的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯5076(MAH-g-5076)可改善聚丙烯与废旧胶粉的界面相容性,高熔体质量流动速率聚丙烯MF650Y可改善废旧胶粉/聚丙烯共混物的流动性能,利用双螺杆挤出机挤出制得高性能、易加工的废旧胶粉/聚丙烯共混物,研究MF650Y用量对共混物性能的影响。结果表明:随着MF650Y用量(MF650Y和MAH-g-5076用量共30份)的增大,共混物的拉伸强度先增大后减小,在MF650Y用量为5~10份范围内达到最大值,拉断伸长率呈现震荡减小趋势,熔体质量流动速率增大;随着角频率的增大,共混物的复数粘度(η*)减小,储能模量(G′)和损耗模量趋于增大,当MF650Y用量为5份时,共混物的η*和G′最大;MF650Y用量为10份时有助于保护C=C键及抑制交联反应,此时聚丙烯与废旧胶粉相容性较好,两相界面结合能力较强,共混物无明显孔洞。     

温度场对iPP/CAB体系形态结构的影响

利用扫描电子显微镜研究了温度场对iPP/CAB共混物样品形态结构的影响,研究发现共混物样品在150℃的硅油或者140℃的真空烘箱中放置时,随着热处理时间的增加,分散相尺寸会不断增大;并且样品在硅油中放置时,分散相尺寸增大的速度更快.     

丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯对聚丙烯／环氧化三元乙丙橡胶共混体系形态和性能的影响

研究了丙烯酸接枝聚丙烯（PP—g-AA）作为增容剂对聚丙烯（PP）／环氧化三元乙丙橡胶（eEPDM）共混体系形态和性能的影响。结果表明，在以PP为连续相而eEPDM为分散相时，PP—g-AA的加入大大提高了两相间的相容性，导致eEPDM分散相的细化；PP—g-AA中的羧基与eEPDM中的环氧基团发生了化学反应，形成了接枝共聚物，降低了PP／eEPDM之间的界面张力，起到了很好的界面增容剂的作用，对共混体系韧性的提高非常有利。     

聚丙烯/冷冻胶粉复合材料结构与性能的研究

采用熔融挤出的方法制备聚丙烯（PP）、冷冻胶粉（LGTR）、相容剂及增韧剂的共混物,研究了胶粉用量、相容剂种类和用量及增韧剂对共混体系力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,LGTR的加入会降低PP的力学性能,但随着LGTR用量的增加,共混体系的冲击强度上升;相容剂的使用会增加PP与LGTR的相容性,使力学性能提高;热塑性聚烯烃类弹性体（POE）和三元乙丙胶接枝马来酸酐（EPDM-g-MAH）的使用可以有效提高PP/胶粉共混体系的缺口冲击强度,并且增韧剂的使用可以提高PP与LGTR之间的相容性;高密度聚乙烯（PE-HD）/POE并用做增韧体系时,可以进一步提升共混体系的韧性,提高冲击强度。     

混合增容剂对HDPE/sPS共混物形态及性能的影响

分别采用2种组成相近而分子量不同的苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SEBS)以及两者的混合物对高密度聚乙烯/间规聚苯乙烯(HDPE/s PS)共混物进行增容改性。通过扫描电镜(SEM)及拉伸实验试验考查了增容剂的分子量及含量对HDPE/s PS共混物形态结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:两种增容剂都能降低s PS分散相尺寸,使两相界面的粘合力增强。相对较低分子量的SEBS(K1652)能显著提高两相界面粘结性,进而能有效提高共混物的拉伸强度,而较高分子量的SEBS(K1651)能显著改善共混物的韧性。一定比例混合的共聚物作为增容剂在改善共混物性能方面具有协同效应,可以同时提高共混物拉伸强和断裂伸长率,混合增容剂效果优于单一增容剂。HDPE/s PS共混物中加入质量分数4%的K1652和2%的K1651,共混物的综合力学性能最优。     

三螺杆动态塑化混炼加工PP/硅灰石力学性能及界面的研究

硅灰石填充 PP 经三螺杆动态塑化混炼加工后,将粒料制成试样并进行力学性能测试和扫描电镜断面分析。实验研究了不同振动参数对 PP/硅灰石力学性能和断面微观结构的影响。结果表明,与稳态相比,动态(引入振动)加工条件下试样的冲击强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和弯曲强度均有显著提高,最大分别提高了10.7%、10.2%、51.3%和18.6%;对在振动频率 f=10 Hz、振幅 A=105 μm动态塑化混炼加工条件下试样的扫描电镜断面分析表明,PP/硅灰石材料中硅灰石的粒径变小并趋于一致,分散分布均一,与 PP 结合界面得到加强。