Synthesis and hydrolysis of chemodegradable cationic surfactants containing the 1,3-dioxolane moiety

In acid-catalyzed reactions of long-chain aliphatic aldehydes (Ia-d wherea=n-C₇H₁₅;b=n-C₉H₁₉;c=n-C₁₁H₂₃; d=n-C₁₃H₂₇), and tridecan-7-on (Ie) with 3-chloro-1,2-propane-diol, 2-alkyl- and 2,2-dihexyl-4-chloromethyl-1,3-dioxolanes (IIa-e) were obtained. They were reacted with anhydrous dimethylamine to obtain, respectively, 2-alkyl-and [(2,2-dihexyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl] dimethylamines (IIIa-e), which were quaternized with methyl bromide to obtain the desired ammonium bromides (IVa-e). The structure and purity of the compounds was proved by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Additionally, [(2-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl] trimethylammonium bromide and [(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-methyl] trimethylammonium bromide were synthesized as nonaggregating standards. Hydrolysis reactions of the synthesized ammonium bromides were performed by 0.1 M hydrochloric acid in 1∶1 (vol/vol) 1,4-dioxane-water mixtures at 50, 60 and 70°C. Rate constants of hydrolysis reactions were determined by observing carbonyl group formation at 280 nm. The hydrolytic reactivity of the studied surfactants (IVa-c,e) was determined under unaggregated conditions. Compound IVd showed decreased reactivity. The length of the 2-alkyl group has a minor effect on rate constant values. The influence of various substituents at the C-4 atom of the 2-nonyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl derivatives on rate constants was also investigated.     

毛细管气相色谱法分析甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的阻聚剂

本文采用毛细管气相色谱法测定甲基丙烯酸甲酯中的阻聚剂--2,4-二甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚,操作简便,结果准确.实验选择了最佳汽化温度、柱温和载气流速.外标法定量,回收率可达99%～102%,变异系数为0.6%.     

3-氯-4-（2-溴甲基-4-甲基-1，3-二恶戍烷-2-基）苯基-4’-氯苯基醚的合成

3-氯-4-（2-溴甲基-4-甲基-1，3-二恶戍烷-2-基）苯基-4’-氯苯基醚是杀菌剂苯醚甲环唑的一个重要中间体。以2-氯-4-（4-氯苯氧基）-苯乙酮为起始原料，采用溴化和合环同时进行的合成工艺制得该化合物，收率90％．产品含量95％。优化了反应条件，简化了操作。     

Synthesis of poly(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl) methyl methacrylate by polymer reaction of carbon dioxide and miscibility of its blends with copolymers of methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate

Polymeric epoxides were converted to corresponding five-membered cyclic carbonates in an effective manner. Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) was converted to a poly(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-yl) methyl methacrylate (PDOMMA) by the polymer reaction with carbon dioxide using tetraoctylammonium chloride (TOAC) as a catalyst. The miscibility of blends of PGMA or PDOMMA with copolymers of MMA and ethyl acrylate (MMA-EA) of two different EA compositions (2 and 5 wt %) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The films of PGMA or PDOMMA and MMA-EA (2 and 5 wt %) blends were cast from N,N-dimethylformamide solution. An optical clarity test and DSC analysis showed that PDOMMA blends were miscible over the entire composition range, but PGMA was immiscible with the MMA-EA copolymers. It was also found that the miscibility of PDOMMA with 2 wt % MMA-EA copolymer was better than that of DOMMA with 5 wt % MMA-EA copolymer. The different miscibility behaviors were investigated in terms of Fourier transform IR spectra and interaction parameters based on the binary interaction model. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2161–2169, 2001     

La (III) polychelates of phenolic resin: synthesis,characterization and ion-exchange study

The polymeric ligand, specially resins are proved very effective, active and satisfy specific requirements. The formation of polychelates with polymeric resin behave as an excellent catalysts, ion-exchanger, heat resistant surface coatings, antifouling paints and antimicrobial agents. This is due to the presence of organic and inorganic materials because these two are the prime factors to establish the effective and desire change in their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, an attempt has been made to synthesis and characterizes polymeric ligand (resin) and its polychelates, to study ion-exchange property of resin. The polymeric ligand [(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzophenone)1,4-butylene (HMBP-1,4-BD)] was synthesized by polycondensation of 2-hydroxy-4 -methoxy benzophenone with 1,4-butane diol in presence of polyphosphoric acid as a catalyst at 160 °C for 13 h. La(III), Pr(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Gd(III), Tb(III) and Dy(III) metal ions were selected for the synthesis of polychelates. HMBP-1,4-BD possess good selectivity for the lanthanides (III). The use of resin, as an ion-exchanger has been studies, and it has been found that resin can be used as an ion-exchanger.     

Novel ‘schizophrenic’ diblock copolymer synthesized via RAFT polymerization: poly(2-succinyloxyethyl methacrylate)-b-poly[(N-4-vinylbenzyl),N,N-diethylamine]

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of a novel ‘schizophrenic’ diblock copolymer [poly(2-succinyloxyethyl methacrylate)-b-poly[(N-4-vinylbenzyl),N,N-diethylamine)]; PSEMA-b-PVEA] via reversible addition of fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique. The chemical structures of all samples as representatives were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The molecular weights of PHEMA and PVEA segments were calculated to be 9770 and 12,630 gmol^?1, respectively, from ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The self-assembly behavior of the synthesized PSEMA-b-PVEA diblock copolymer was investigated by means of ¹H NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. The average sizes of the PSEMA-b-PVEA micelles at pHs 3.0, 6.0, and 10.0 were obtained to be 294, 237, and 201 nm, respectively, from DLS analysis. The zeta potential measurements at various pHs demonstrated that the synthesized PSEMA-b-PVEA diblock copolymer has zwitterionic properties, and the range of isoelectric point’s (IEP’s) was determined as 5.8–7.3. It is expected that the synthesized PSEMA-b-PVEA diblock copolymer considered as a prospective candidate in nanomedicine applications such as drug delivery, mainly due to its excellent ‘schizophrenic’ micellization behavior.     

2，3-环碳酸甘油酯甲基丙烯酸酯的合成研究

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）与CO2为原料合成可用于制取新型水性非异氰酸酯聚氨酯的中间体2,3-环碳酸甘油酯甲基丙烯酸酯（DOMA）。考察了催化剂、反应温度、压力以及反应时间等条件对GMA转化率的影响,并对产物进行红外分析和^1H—NMR、^13C-NMR表征。结果表明,以二甲苯为溶剂,以四丁基溴化铵与ZnI2为共催化剂,在温度为110℃、压力为1．2MPa下反应4h,GMA的转化率可达76．5％。     

赤式-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-甲基-2-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基]环氧乙烷的合成

以间二氟苯为原料,经傅克酰化、水解、环合等反应制得三唑丁醇类抗真菌药物的重要中间体赤式-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-甲基-2-[(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)甲基]环氧乙烷,总收率44.6%,纯度98%以上(HPLC),工艺稳定,利于工业生产。     

2,6-二羟基改性PBO的AB型新单体的合成

研究了以2,6-二羟基-1-甲酯-1,4-苯二酸(α酯)与4-氨基-6-硝基间苯二酚盐酸盐(ANR·HCl)为原料经酰氯化、N-酰化、环合和催化加氢还原等一系列反应合成得到中间体4-[(2,4-二羟基-5-硝基苯基)氨甲酰基]-2,6-苯甲酸甲酯(2,6-DH-MNC)和4-(6-羟基-5-硝基-2-苯并 唑基)-2,6-苯甲酸甲酯(2,6-DH-MNB)及2,6-二羟基改性PBO的AB型新单体4-(5-氨基-6-羟基-2-苯并 唑基)-2,6-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯(2,6-DH-MAB),并对环合和催化还原加氢的反应条件进行了优化。结果表明:对于环合反应,以二乙二醇二甲醚为溶剂,多聚磷酸(PPA)为脱水剂,PPA中P₂O₅质量分数83%,w(2,6-DH-MNC):w(PPA)=1:6,反应温度140℃,反应时间8h,2,6-DH-MNB收率74.15%,HPLC纯度98.76%;催化加氢还原反应,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,w(5%Pd/C):w(2,6-DH-MNB)=1:20,氢气压力0.5~1MPa和温度60℃下反应3h得到2,6-DH-MAB,HPLC纯度99.69%,收率81.42%。中间体和产物结构经FT-IR、13C NMR、¹H NMR和ESI-MS表征确认。     

4-[（3-（三甲氧基硅烷基）丙氧基）甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三氮唑的合成

以特戊酸氯甲酯为原料,经过叠氮取代、环加成和威廉森合成反应,制得一种新型可传导质子的单体4-{[3-(三甲氧基硅烷基)丙氧基]甲基}-1H-1,2,3-三氮唑(Ⅲ)。采用正交实验设计和单因素实验考察了反应温度、反应时间、反应物料摩尔比和催化剂用量等因素对收率的影响,合成特戊酸叠氮甲酯(Ⅰ)的最佳工艺条件:n(叠氮钠)∶n(特戊酸氯甲酯)=1.5∶1,反应时间20 h,反应温度78℃;合成[4-(羟甲基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基]-特戊酸甲酯(Ⅱ)的最佳工艺条件:n(丙炔醇)∶n(Ⅰ)=1.3∶1,反应温度50℃,反应时间24 h,n(CuSO4.5H2O)∶n(抗坏血酸)∶n(Ⅰ)=0.02∶0.1∶1,在该条件下目标产物收率为63.9%。用FTIR、1HNMR和13CNMR对产物的结构进行了表征。     

一种新型苯并咪唑类有机电致磷光中间体的合成

以邻氯硝基苯、4-溴苯甲醛和3-(9-苯基咔唑)硼酸为原料,经乌尔曼、还原、加成、环化、Suzuki偶联高产率地合成了标题化合物,总收率达76%,含量>99%.其结构经元素分析、1HNMR和LCMS确认.     

Synthesis, characterization and thermodynamic properties of poly(3-mesityl-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)

Poly(3-mesityl-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) P(MHPMA-co-VP) was synthesized in 1, 4-dioxane solution using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator at 60 °C. The copolymer was characterized by ¹H ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, DSC, TGA, size exclusion chromatography analysis (SEC) and elemental analysis techniques. According to SEC, the number-average molecular weight (M_n), weight-average molecular weight (M_w) and polydispersity index (PDI) values of PMHPMA-co-VP were found to be 58,000, 481,000 g/mol and 8.26, respectively. According to TGA, carbonaceous residue value of PMHPMA-co-VP was found to be 6% at 500 °C. Also, some thermodynamic properties of PMHPMA-co-VP such as the adsorption enthalpy, ΔH_a, molar evaporation enthalpy, ΔH_v, the sorption enthalpy, , sorption free energy, , sorption entropy, , the partial molar free energy, , the partial molar heat of mixing, , at infinite dilution was determined for the interactions of PMHPMA-co-VP with selected alcohols and alkanes by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) method in the temperature range of 323-463 K. According to the specific retention volumes, , the weight fraction activity coefficients of solute probes at infinite dilution, , and Flory-Huggins interaction parameters, between PMHPMA-co-VP-solvents were determined in 413-453 K. According to and , selected alcohols and alkanes were found to be non-solvent for PMHPMA-co-VP at 413-453 K. The glass transition temperature, T_g, of the PMHPMA-co-VP found to be 370 and 363 K, respectively, by IGC and DSC techniques, respectively.     

吡啶基三唑配合物催化下甲基丙烯酸甲酯的原子转移自由基聚合研究

以配体3,5-二-(4-吡啶基)-1,2,4-三唑与CuX形成催化剂,分别以α-溴代异丁酸乙酯和氯化苄为引发剂,环己酮为溶剂,进行了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),同时考察了配比、溶剂量以及温度对聚合速率、聚合物分子量及分子量分布的影响.80℃下的聚合反应速度高于70℃;以环己酮为溶剂,单体与溶剂之比为1∶1.5时可得到较低分子量分布的聚合物.实验结果表明以吡啶基三唑为配合物催化甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合过程中,转化率和分子量随时间的增加而增大,聚合反应符合一级动力学规律,所得聚合物分子量分布较窄(1.21～1.46),结合端基分析和扩链反应结果,证明该聚合反应符合"活性"/可控自由基聚合.     

Radical Copolymerization of 2-(3′-Acryloxy)propoxythioxanthone and 1-Methyl-4-(3′-acryloxy)propoxythioxanthone with Methyl Methacrylate

Two new monomers based on thioxanthone, 2-(3′-acryloxy)propoxythioxanthone (M-2) and 1-methyl-4-(3′-acryloxy)propoxythioxanthone (M-4), were prepared and their radical copolymerization at 70°C with methyl methacrylate (MMA) was studied. By varying the conversion reached for a fixed feed composition, f_MMA=0·983, and using Jaacks method, the reactivity ratios were determined. Identical values of reactivity ratios were found for both systems, with values of r_MMA=2·46 and r_M-2=r_M-4=0·4. The homopolymerization of MMA in the presence of a model compound, 1-methyl-4-propoxythioxanthone, was also examined and confirmed that the thioxanthone chromophore does not have any influence on the free radical polymerization of MMA. © of SCI.     

Copolymerization of N‐aryl substituted itaconimide with methyl methacrylate: Effect of substituents on monomer reactivity ratio and thermal behavior

The article describes the synthesis and characterization of N‐(4‐methoxy‐3‐chlorophenyl) itaconimide (MCPI) and N‐(2‐methoxy‐5‐chlorophenyl) itaconimide (OMCPI) obtained by reacting itaconic anhydride with 4‐methoxy‐3‐chloroanisidine and 2‐methoxy‐5‐chloroanisidine, respectively. Structural and thermal characterization of MCPI and OMCPI monomers was done by using ¹H NMR, FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Copolymerization of MCPI or OMCPI with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in solution was carried out at 60°C using AIBN as an initiator and THF as solvent. Feed compositions having varying mole fractions of MCPI and OMCPI ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 were taken to prepare copolymers. Copolymerizations were terminated at low percentage conversion. Structural characterization of copolymers was done by FTIR, ¹H NMR, and elemental analysis and percent nitrogen content was used to calculate the copolymer composition. The monomer reactivity ratios for MMA–MCPI copolymers were found to be r₁ (MMA) = 0.32 ± 0.03 and r₂ (MCPI) = 1.54 ± 0.05 and that for MMA–OMCPI copolymers were r₁ (MMA) = 0.15 ± 0.02 and r₂ (OMCPI) = 1.23 ± 0.18. The intrinsic viscosity [η] of the copolymers decreased with increasing mole fraction of MCPI/or OMCPI. The glass transition temperature as determined from DSC scans was found to increase with increasing amounts of OMPCI in copolymers. A significant improvement in the char yield as determined by thermogravimetry was observed upon copolymerization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2391–2398, 2006     

Synthesis of platinum–tin/alumina reforming catalysts from a well-defined platinum–tin precursor complex

The complex [(CH₃)₄N]₃[Pt(SnCl₃)₅] was selected as a molecular precursor to prepare PtSn/γ_c-Al₂O₃ reforming catalysts. The spectroscopic fingerprints of the starting complex were obtained by ¹⁹⁵Pt and ¹¹⁹Sn NMR and diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectroscopy. A series of supported catalysts were synthesized by wet impregnation of alumina with a solution of the precursor in acetone.

Well-dispersed species are obtained for Pt loadings below 1 wt.%; at higher loadings, a second species is formed that has spectroscopic features reminiscent of the initial complex and precipitates as a separate phase. Apparently, the Pt–Sn bonds are hydrolyzed in the low-loading species and preserved in the high-loading species.

The thermal transformations of PtSn/γ_c-Al₂O₃ catalysts are also studied and compared with those of the bulk precursor. In particular, it is shown that the nature of the atmosphere of thermal treatment (neutral or oxidizing) can orient the final catalyst towards preservation of an intimate Pt–Sn interaction, or towards demixtion.     

2-羟基-4-(5,6-二硝基-1H-苯并[2,3-d]咪唑-2-基)苯甲酸甲酯的 合成探索

以4,5-二硝基邻苯二胺和2-羟基对苯二甲酸单甲酯为起始原料,设计并成功采用一锅法合成出2-羟 基-4-(5,6-二硝基-1H-苯并[2,3-d]咪唑-2-基)苯甲酸甲酯（MHDIB）。以50 mL二乙二醇二甲醚为溶剂,1.5 g的2-羟基对苯二甲酸单甲酯和2.5 g SOCl2在80 ℃反应2 h制2-羟基-4-氯羰基苯甲酸甲酯。室温下快速向反应体系中加入1.56 g 4,5-二硝基邻苯二胺,并于85 ℃反应1 h后加入3.52 g 多聚磷酸,回流反应1 h后水析出粗产品,经乙醇重结晶得到纯度为93.67%的黄色针状产物,产率为17.82%。产物经IR、MS、1H NMR的准确定性和表征,作为AB型新单体的前体可应用于羟基改性PBI纤维即聚2-羟基-1,4-亚苯基-2,6-苯并[2,3-d：5',6'-d']二咪唑（H-PBI）的创新研究。     

Thermoresponsive poly(oligo ethylene glycol acrylates)

Thermoresponsive polymers have been the subject of numerous publications and research topics in the last few decades mostly driven by their easily controllable temperature stimulus and high potential for in vitro and in vivo applications. P(NIPAAm) is the most studied amongst these polymers, but recently other types of polymers are increasingly being investigated for their thermoresponsive behavior. In particular, polymers bearing a short oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) side chain have been shown to combine the biocompatibility of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a versatile and controllable LCST behavior. These polymers can be synthesized via controlled radical polymerization techniques from various monomers consisting of an OEG chain and a polymerizable group like a (meth)acrylate, styrene or acrylamide. OEG acrylates offer significant advantages over, e.g., OEG methacrylates as the lower hydrophilicity of the backbone facilitates thermoresponsive behavior with smaller, more defined side chains. Furthermore, PEG acrylates can be polymerized using all major controlled radical polymerization techniques, unlike OEG methacrylates. This review will focus on OEG acrylate based (co)polymers and will provide a comprehensive overview of their reported thermoresponsive properties. The combination and comparison of this data will not only highlight the potential of these monomers, but will also serve as a starting point for future studies.